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ASTM E1004-99

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method

Standard Practice for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for measuring the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic metals using the electromagnetic (eddy current) method. The procedure has been written primarily for use with commercially available electrical conductivity instruments. General purpose eddy-current instruments may also be used for electrical conductivity measurements but will not be addressed in this test method.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to metals that have a flat or slightly curved surface, and metals that may have a thin nonconductive coating.  
1.3 Eddy-current measurements of electrical conductivity may be used in the sorting of metals with respect to variables such as: type of alloy, aging, cold deformation, heat treatment, effects associated with nonuniform heating or overheating, and effects of corrosion. The usefulness of tests of these properties is dependent on the amount of electrical conductivity change caused by a change in the specific variable.  
1.4 Electrical conductivity, when measured by eddy-current instruments, usually is expressed as a percentage of the conductivity of the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS). The conductivity of the Annealed Copper Standard (100% IACS) is defined to be 0.58 X 108  S/m at 20°C.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Aug-1999
ICS
17.220.20 - Measurement of electrical and magnetic quantities
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.07 - Electromagnetic Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E1004-02 - Standard Practice for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method
Effective Date
10-Jul-2002

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ASTM E1004-99 - Standard Practice for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) MethodASTM E1004-99 - Standard Practice for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method
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ASTM E1004-99 - Standard Practice for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method
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Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: E 1004 – 99 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the
1
Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a
3
Measure of Quality for Lot or Process
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the
E 543 Practice for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic metals using the elec-
4
Testing
tromagnetic (eddy-current) method. The procedure has been
4
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
written primarily for use with commercially available direct
2.2 ASNT Documents:
reading electrical conductivity instruments. General purpose
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
eddy-current instruments may also be used for electrical
5
cation and Certification In Nondestructive Testing
conductivity measurements but will not be addressed in this
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certi-
practice.
5
fication of NDT Personnel
1.2 This practice is applicable to metals that have either a
2.3 AIA Standard:
flat or slightly curved surface and includes metals with or
NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
without a thin nonconductive coating.
6
Testing Personnel
1.3 Eddy-current determinations of electrical conductivity
may be used in the sorting of metals with respect to variables
3. Terminology
such as type of alloy, aging, cold deformation, heat treatment,
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms relating to eddy-
effects associated with non-uniform heating or overheating,
current examination are given in Terminology E 1316.
and effects of corrosion. The usefulness of the examinations of
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
these properties is dependent on the amount of electrical
3.2.1 temperature coeffıcient—the fractional or percentage
conductivity change caused by a change in the specific
change in electrical conductivity per degree Celsius change in
variable.
temperature.
1.4 Electrical conductivity, when evaluated with eddy-
current instruments, is usually expressed as a percentage of the
4. Significance and Use
conductivity of the International Annealed Copper Standard
4.1 Absolute probe coil methods, when used in conjunction
(IACS). The conductivity of the Annealed Copper Standard is
8
with reference standards of known value, provide a means for
defined to be 0.58310 S/m (100 % IACS) at 20°C.
determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic mate-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
rials.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 Electrical conductivity of a sample can be used as a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
means of determining: (1) type of metal or alloy, (2) type of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
heat treatment (for aluminum this evaluation should be used in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
conjunction with a hardness examination), (3) aging of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
alloy, (4) effects of corrosion, and (5) heat damage.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Limitations
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 The ability to accomplish the examinations included in
B 193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
4.2 is dependent on the conductivity change caused by the
2
Materials
3 variable of interest. If the conductivity is a strong function of
E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
the variable of interest, these examinations can be very
accurate. In some cases, however, changes in conductivity due
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-7 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on
4
Electromagnetic Method. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
5
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 1999. Published October 1999. Originally Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing 1711 Arlingate
published as E 1004 – 91. Last previous edition E 1004 – 91. Plaza, PO Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228–0518
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.03. Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc., 1250 Eye St.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. (Replacement standard for MIL-STD-410.)
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E 1004
to changes in the variable of interest may be too small to detect. inhomogeneities in the metal near the position of the probe coil
...

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5.1 Eddy current methods are used for nondestructively locating and characterizing discontinuities and geometric property variations in magnetic or nonmagnetic electrically conducting materials. Conformable eddy current sensor arrays permit examination of planar and non-planar materials but usually require suitable fixtures to hold the sensor array near the surface of the material of interest, such as a layer of foam behind the sensor array along with a rigid support structure.  
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4.1 Absolute probe coil methods, when used in conjunction with reference standards of known value, provide a means for determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic materials.  
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Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge Techniques

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are useful in research and quality control for evaluating insulating materials and systems since they provide for the measurement of charge transfer and energy loss due to partial discharges(4) (5) (6).  
5.2 Pulse measurements of partial discharges indicate the magnitude of individual discharges. However, if there are numerous discharges per cycle it is occasionally important to know their charge sum, since this sum is related to the total volume of internal gas spaces that are discharging, if it is assumed that the gas cavities are simple capacitances in series with the capacitances of the solid dielectrics (7) (8).  
5.3 Internal (cavity-type) discharges are mainly of the pulse (spark-type) with rapid rise times or the pseudoglow-type with long rise times, depending upon the discharge governing parameters existing within the cavity. If the rise times of the pseudoglow discharges are too long , they will evade detection by pulse detectors as covered in Test Method D1868. However, both the pseudoglow discharges irrespective of the length of their rise time as well as pulseless glow are readily measured either by Method A or B of Test Methods D3382.  
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5.1.2 To develop a rating curve, plot stage versus discharge for several discharges and their computed stages on a rating curve together with direct current-meter measurements.
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ASTM
ASTM A698/A698M-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Magnetic Shield Efficiency in Attenuating Alternating Magnetic Fields

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides an easy, accurate, and reproducible method for determination of shielding factors (attenuation ratios) in simple alternating magnetic fields.  
5.2 Since the sensing or pickup coil is of finite size, the measured shielding factor tends to be the average value for the space enclosed by the coil. Due care is required when interpreting results when the coil is located near an opening in the shield.  
5.3 This test method is suitable for design, specification acceptance, service evaluation, quality assurance, and research purposes on magnetic shields.  
5.4 Provided geometrically identical shields are compared, this test method is also suitable for evaluation and grading of magnetic shielding materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the means for determining the performance quality of a magnetic shield when placed in a magnetic field of alternating polarity.  
1.2 This test method provides a means of evaluating and grading magnetic shielding materials to determine their suitability for use in the production of magnetic shields.  
1.3 This test method shall be used in conjunction with and shall conform to the requirements of Practice A34/A34M.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off