ASTM D7045-17
(Guide)Standard Guide for Optimization of Groundwater Monitoring Constituents for Detection Monitoring Programs for Waste Disposal Facilities
Standard Guide for Optimization of Groundwater Monitoring Constituents for Detection Monitoring Programs for Waste Disposal Facilities
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The principal use of this standard is in the identification of effective groundwater monitoring constituents for a detection-monitoring program. The significance of the guide is to minimize the false positive rate for the facility by only monitoring those constituents that are intrinsic to the waste mass and eliminate those constituents that are present in background in concentrations that confound evaluation from downgradient wells.
5.2 Governing regulations require large generic lists of constituents to be monitored in an effort to detect a release from a WMU. However, identification and selection of parameters based on site-specific physical and chemical conditions are in many cases also acceptable to regulatory agencies and result in a more effective and environmentally protective groundwater monitoring system.
5.2.1 Naturally occurring soil and groundwater constituents within and near a WMU area should be determined prior to the development of a monitoring program. This is important in the selection of site-specific constituents lists and avoiding difficulties with a regulatory authority regarding sources of monitored constituents.
5.2.2 Site-specific lists of constituents relative to the WMU will provide for the regulator those constituents which will effectively measure the performance of a WMU rather than the use of a generic list that could include naturally occurring constituents as well as those not present in the WMU.
5.3 Site-specific constituent lists often result in fewer monitored constituents (that is, monitoring programs are optimized). This process is critical to the overall success of the monitoring program for the following reasons:
5.3.1 The reduction of the monitoring constituents to only those found or expected to be found or derived from site-specific source material will reduce the number of false-positive results since only those parameters that could indicate a release are monitored.
5.3.2 The use of constituents tha...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a general method of selecting effective constituents for detection monitoring programs at Waste Disposal Facilities. The process described in this standard presents a methodology that takes into consideration physical and chemical characteristics of the source material(s), the surrounding hydrogeologic regime, and site-specific geochemistry to identify and select those parameters that provide most effective detection of a potential release from a waste management unit (WMU).
1.2 In the following sections, details of an evaluation of effective monitoring constituents for a groundwater detection-monitoring program were based on site-specific waste characterization.
1.3 The statistical methodology described in the following sections should be used as guidance. Other methods may also be appropriate based on site-specific conditions or for monitoring situations or media that are not presented in this standard.
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education, experience and professional judgements. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word standard in the title of this document only means that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7045 − 17
Standard Guide for
Optimization of Groundwater Monitoring Constituents for
Detection Monitoring Programs for Waste Disposal
1
Facilities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7045; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.1 This standard provides a general method of selecting
effective constituents for detection monitoring programs at
2. Referenced Documents
Waste Disposal Facilities. The process described in this stan-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dard presents a methodology that takes into consideration
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
physical and chemical characteristics of the source material(s),
Fluids
the surrounding hydrogeologic regime, and site-specific geo-
D5792Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
chemistry to identify and select those parameters that provide
lated to Waste Management Activities: Development of
most effective detection of a potential release from a waste
Data Quality Objectives
management unit (WMU).
D6312Guide for Developing Appropriate Statistical Ap-
1.2 In the following sections, details of an evaluation of
proaches for Groundwater Detection Monitoring Pro-
effective monitoring constituents for a groundwater detection-
grams at Waste Disposal Facilities
monitoring program were based on site-specific waste charac-
3. Terminology
terization.
3.1 Definitions—For common definitions of technical terms
1.3 The statistical methodology described in the following
used in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
sections should be used as guidance. Other methods may also
be appropriate based on site-specific conditions or for moni-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
toring situations or media that are not presented in this
3.2.1 leachate—a liquid that has passed through or emerged
standard.
from solid waste and contains soluble, suspended, or miscible
materials removed from such waste.
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information
oraseriesofoptionsanddoesnotrecommendaspecificcourse
3.2.2 outlier—a measurement that is statistically inconsis-
of action. This document cannot replace education, experience
tent with the distribution of other measurements from which it
and professional judgements. Not all aspects of this guide may
was drawn.
be applicable in all circumstances. ThisASTM standard is not
3.2.3 practical quantitation limit (PQL)—the lowest level
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
thatcanreliablyachievedwithspecifiedlimitsofprecisionand
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged
accuracy during routine laboratory operating conditions.
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The
3.2.4 qualified groundwater scientist (QGWS)—a scientist
word standard in the title of this document only means that the
or engineer who has received a baccalaureate or postgraduate
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus
degree in the natural sciences or engineering and has sufficient
process.
trainingingroundwaterhydrologyandrelatedfieldsasmaybe
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
demonstrated by state registration, professional certifications,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
orcompletionofaccrediteduniversityprogramsthatenablethe
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
individual to make sound professional judgments regarding
groundwater monitoring, contaminant fate and transport, and
corrective action.
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoilandRock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2017. Published February 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7045–04 (2010). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D7045-17. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7045 − 04 (Reapproved 2010) D7045 − 17
Standard Guide for
Optimization of Groundwater Monitoring Constituents for
Detection Monitoring Programs for RCRA Waste Disposal
1
Facilities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7045; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This standard provides a general method of selecting effective constituents for detection monitoring programs at RCRA
Waste Disposal Facilities. The process described in this standard presents a methodology that takes into consideration physical and
chemical characteristics of the source material(s), the surrounding hydrogeologic regime, and site-specific geochemistry to identify
and select those parameters that provide most effective detection of a potential release from a waste management unit (WMU).
1.2 In the following sections, complete details of an evaluation of effective monitoring constituents for a groundwater
detection-monitoring program were based on site-specific waste characterization.
1.3 The statistical methodology described in the following sections should be used as guidance. Other methods may also be
appropriate based on site-specific conditions or for monitoring situations or media that are not presented in this document.standard.
1.4 This practiceguide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
course of action. This document cannot replace education, experience and professional judgements. Not all aspects of this
practiceguide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of
care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged without consideration of a project’s many unique
aspects. The word standard in the title of this document only means that the document has been approved through the ASTM
consensus process.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Development of Data Quality
Objectives
D6312 Guide for Developing Appropriate Statistical Approaches for Groundwater Detection Monitoring Programs at Waste
Disposal Facilities
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For common definitions of technical terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 detection monitoring program—a program of monitoring for the expressed purpose of determining whether or not there
has been a release of contaminant to groundwater. Under RCRA, Detection Monitoring involves collection of groundwater samples
from compliance point and upgradient monitoring wells on a semi-annual basis for analysis of hazardous constituents of concern,
as specified under 40 CFR 264.98. Results are evaluated to determine if there is a statistically significant exceedance of the
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved July 1, 2010Feb. 1, 2017. Published September 2010February 2017. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20042010
as D7045–04. –04 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/D7045-04R10.10.1520/D7045-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7045 − 17
groundwater protection criteria and/or background. At non-RCRA sites, monitoring is conducted in a similar manner and results
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