ASTM D3786/D3786M-18(2023)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm bursting strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety of end uses.
5.2 In cases where test results obtained using the procedures in Test Method D3786 have not been correlated with actual performance, Test Method D3786 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile fabrics for bursting strength since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases where disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using Test Method D3786 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.
Note 2: The kind of load transfer and stretch that occur when knitted goods and nonwoven fabrics are worn are prevented by clamping them as described in this method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using a hydraulic or pneumatic diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products.
1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable restraints. As new materials that may exceed the range of the instrument are developed, please refer to the reporting section and consider using Test Methods D3787 or D6797 instead.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3786/D3786M − 18 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting
Strength Tester Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3786/D3786M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using a hydraulic or
D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Tex-
pneumatic diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is
tiles
generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products.
D3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—
1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch
Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable re-
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
straints. As new materials that may exceed the range of the
Methods
instrument are developed, please refer to the reporting section
D6797 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Fabrics
and consider using Test Methods D3787 or D6797 instead.
Constant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) Ball Burst Test
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units 2.2 Other Standard:
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in TAPPI Method T 403 , Bursting Strength of Paper
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining 3. Terminology
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric Test
with the standard.
Methods, see Terminology D4850.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
NOTE 1—For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a
ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787. bursting strength, knitted fabric, nonwoven fabric, stretch
woven fabric, woven fabric.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- nology D123.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4. Summary of Test Method
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 A specimen is clamped over an expandable diaphragm.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
The diaphragm is expanded by fluid pressure to the point of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
specimen rupture. The difference between the total pressure
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
required to rupture the specimen and the pressure required to
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
inflate the diaphragm is reported as the bursting strength.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Physical Test Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Methods A. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published July 2023. Originally approved Available from Technological Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry
in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D3786–18. DOI: 10.1520/D3786 (TAPPI), 15 Technology Parkway South, Suite 115, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092,
_D3786M-18R23. http://www.tappi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3786/D3786M − 18 (2023)
5. Significance and Use capacity of the gage shall be such that the individual readings
will be not less than 25 % nor more than 75 % of the total
5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm burst-
capacity of the gage.
ing strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being
6.1.4 Pressure System—A means of applying controlled
used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety
increasing pressure to the underside of the diaphragm until the
of end uses.
specimen bursts. This can be achieved by two methods;
5.2 In cases where test results obtained using the procedures
hydraulic or pneumatic.
in Test Method D3786 have not been correlated with actual
6.1.4.1 Hydraulic pressure is produced by a fluid displaced
performance, Test Method D3786 is considered satisfactory for
at the rate of 95 mL/min 6 5 mL/min. The fluid is displaced by
acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile fabrics
a piston in the pressure chamber of the apparatus. The
for bursting strength since the method has been used exten-
recommended chamber fluid is USP chemically pure 96 %
sively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases where
glycerin.
disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the
NOTE 4—Ethylene glycol may be substituted for the glycerine if
purchaser and the supplier when using Test Method D3786 for
desired.
acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the
6.1.4.2 Pneumatic pressure is produced by controlling the
laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier
flow of clean dry air through a valve. The valve is configured
should be determined with comparison based on testing speci-
as per 11.4.1
mens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type
6.1.5 Aluminum Sheet For Checking Performance of
being evaluated.
Tester —Pieces of pretested aluminum sheet having a known
NOTE 2—The kind of load transfer and stretch that occur when knitted
bursting strength in the range of 70 kPa to 790 kPa [10 psi to
goods and nonwoven fabrics are worn are prevented by clamping them as
115 psi] may be used for checking the overall performance of
described in this method.
the tester.
6. Apparatus and Materials NOTE 5—Use of an aluminum sheet from one tester manufacturer may
not be suitable for burst testing machines from other tester manufacturers.
6.1 Inflated Diaphragm Bursting Tester — A testing ma-
Manufacturers’ instructions for checking should be followed.
chine that meets the requirements of 6.1.1 – 6.1.4. Mounted so
6.1.6 Pressure Recording.
as to be free of externally induced vibrations.
6.1.6.1 Hydraulic Instruments—Means shall be provided at
6.1.1 Clamps, for firmly and uniformly securing the test
the instant of rupture of the specimen for stopping any further
specimen between two annular, parallel, and durable surfaces,
application of the loading pressure and for holding unchanged
without slippage during the test. Use sufficient pressure to
the contents of the pressure chamber until the total bursting
effect the practicable minimization of slippage. The upper and
pressure and the pressure required to inflate the diaphragm
lower clamping surfaces shall have a circular coaxial aperture
indicated on the gage have been recorded.
of 31 mm 6 0.75 mm (1.22 in. 6 0.03 in.) in diameter: The
6.1.6.2 Pneumatic Instruments—Means shall be provided
surfaces of the clamps shall be durable and any edge which
for recording the loading pressure at the point of rupture.
might cause a cutting action shall be rounded to a radius of not
Diaphragm correction (tare pressure) is achieved by inflating
more than 0.4 mm. The lower clamp shall be integral with the
the diaphragm to the same distension recorded at bursting and
chamber in which a pressure medium inflates the rubber
recording the amount of pressure to achieve this.
diaphragm.
7. Sampling
NOTE 3—Since the clamping mechanism and clamping surfaces are
subject to considerable wear and distortion, they should be examined
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing, take
periodically and repaired or replaced when necessary. The effectiveness of
at random the number of rolls of fabric directed in an
grooving the clamping surfaces in the manner specified has not been
applicable material specification or other agreement between
determined.
the purchaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be the
6.1.2 Diaphragm—A diaphragm of molded synthetic or
primary sampling units.
natural rubber, clamped between the lower clamping plate and
NOTE 6—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
the rest of the apparatus so that before the diaphragm is
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
stretched by pressure underneath it the center of its upper
between rolls of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll
surface is nominally level with the plane of the clamping
of fabric to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk,
surface. The diaphragm should be inspected frequently for
consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
permanent distortion and renewed as necessary.
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
6.1.3 Pressure Gage—The instrument must be fitted with a
tance testing, take a full width swatch 1 m [1 yd] long from the
pressure measuring system, accurate throughout the entire
end of each roll of fabric in the lot sample, after first discarding
range of its scale to within a value of 1 % of its maximum
a minimum of 1 m [1 yd] of fabric from the very outside of the
capacity. For those instruments with a Bourdon type gage the
roll. From each roll or piece of circular knit fabric selected
from the lot sample, cut a band at least 305 mm [1 ft] wide.
Hydraulic and pneumatic bursting strength testers and accessories are
commercially available. Standardized aluminum sheets are commercially available.
D3786/D3786M − 18 (2023)
NOTE 8—For specimens with considerable stretch, it may be necessary
7.3 Test Specimens—Cut ten test specimens from each
to extend the fabric uniformly over the plate to remove some of the stretch
swatch in the laboratory sample with each specimen being
before clamping.
125 mm [5 in.] square.
11.2.2 Rotate the hand wheel, clockwise at a uniform speed
8. Calibration
of 120 rpm until the specimen bursts.
8.1 Routine Verification of Testing Machine—The operation
11.2.3 Stop turning the hand wheel at the instant of rupture
of the testing machine may be
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