ASTM C1293-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction
Standard Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Alkali-silica reaction is a chemical interaction between some siliceous constituents of concrete aggregates and hydroxyl ions (1). The concentration of hydroxyl ion within the concrete is predominantly controlled by the concentration of sodium and potassium (2).
This test method is intended to evaluate the potential of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag to expand deleteriously due to any form of alkali-silica reactivity (3,4).
When testing an aggregate with pozzolan or slag, the results are used to establish minimum amounts of the specific pozzolan or slag needed to prevent deleterious expansion. Pozzolan or slag from a specific source can be tested individually or in combination with pozzolan or slag from other sources.
When selecting a sample or deciding on the number of samples for test, it is important to recognize the variability in lithology of material from a given source, whether a deposit of sand, gravel, or a rock formation of any origin. For specific advice, see Guide C 295.
This test method is intended for evaluating the behavior of aggregates in portland cement concrete with an alkali (alkali metal oxide) content of 5.25 kg/m3 (8.85 lb/yd3) or in concrete containing pozzolan or slag with an alkali content proportionally reduced from 5.25 kg/m3 (8.85 lb/yd3) Na2O equivalent by the amount of pozzolan or slag replacing portland cement. This test method assesses the potential for deleterious expansion of concrete caused by alkali-silica reaction, of either coarse or fine aggregates, from tests performed under prescribed laboratory curing conditions that will probably differ from field conditions. Thus, actual field performance will not be duplicated due to differences in concrete alkali content, wetting and drying, temperature, other factors, or combinations of these (5).
Results of tests conducted on an aggregate as described herein should form a part of the basis for a decision as to whether precautions should be t...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values in parentheses are for information only.
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Designation:C1293–08
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-
1
Silica Reaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C 227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of
Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the sus-
C 289 Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of
ceptibility of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with
Aggregates (Chemical Method)
pozzolan or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica
C 294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-
reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.
crete Aggregates
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C 295 Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
for Concrete
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C 490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh
Concrete
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
2 C 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
Concrete
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
standard. The inch-pound values in parentheses are for infor-
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
mation only.
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
2. Referenced Documents
C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
3
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to
C 29/C 29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“UnitWeight”)
Testing Size
and Voids in Aggregate
C 856 Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
Concrete
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
C 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace
Aggregates
Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),
C 1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious
Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
Mixtures
C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-
C 1260 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of
Cement Concrete
Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method)
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
C 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hard-
4
2.2 CSA Standards:
ened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
CSAA23.2-14A Potential Expansivity of Aggregates (Pro-
C 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete
cedure for Length Change due to Alkali-Aggregate Reac-
Test Specimens in the Laboratory
tion in Concrete Prisms at 38 °C)
CSA A23.2-27A Standard Practice to Identify Degree of
Alkali-Reactivity of Aggregates and to Identify Measures
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 on Concrete and
to Avoid Deleterious Expansion in Concrete
Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.26 on
CSA A23.2-28A Standard Practice for Laboratory Testing
Chemical Reactions.
to Demonstrate the Effectiveness of Supplementary Ce-
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C 1293 – 06.
menting Materials and Lithium-BasedAdmixtures to Pre-
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing ,
vent Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,
the ASTM website. Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http://www.csa.ca.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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C1293–08
3. Terminology prisms should be conducted after the test using Practice C 856
to confirm that known reactive constituents are present and to
3.1 Terminology used in thi
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1293–06 Designation:C1293–08
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-
1
Silica Reaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthesusceptibilityofanaggregateorcombinationofanaggregatewithpozzolan
or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and
2
tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values in parentheses are for information
only.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 29/C 29M Test Method for Bulk Density (Unit Weight) and Voids in Aggregate
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
C 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
C 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C 227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
C 289 Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Aggregates (Chemical Method)
C 294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete Aggregates
C 295 Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates for Concrete
C 490 Practice for Use ofApparatus for the Determination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and Concrete
C 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C 511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of
Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
C 856 Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete
C 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C 1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures
C 1260 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method)
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
4
2.2 CSA Standards:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 on Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.26 on Chemical
Reactions.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published September 2006. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C1293–05.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C 1293 – 06.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing , Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http://www.csa.ca.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1293–08
CSA A23.2-14A Potential Expansivity of Aggregates (Procedure for Length Change due to Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in
Concrete Prisms at 38 °C)
CSA A23.2-27A Standard Practice to Identify Degree of Alkali-Reactivity of Aggregates and to Identify Measures to Avoid
D
...
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