ASTM D5874-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a Soil
Standard Test Methods for Determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a Soil
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Impact Value, as determined using the standard 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, has direct application to design and construction of pavements and a general application to earthworks compaction control and evaluation of strength characteristics of a wide range of materials, such as soils, soil aggregates, stabilized soil and recreational turf. Impact Value is one of the properties used to evaluate the strength of a layer of soil up to about 150 mm (6 in.) in thickness and by inference to indicate the compaction condition of this layer. Impact Value reflects and responds to changes in physical characteristics that influence strength. It is a dynamic force penetration property and may be used to set a strength parameter.
5.2 This test method provides immediate results in terms of IV and may be used for the process control of pavement or earthfill activities where the avoidance of delays is important and where there is a need to determine variability when statistically based quality assurance procedures are being used.
5.3 This test method does not provide results directly as a percentage of compaction but rather as a strength index value from which compaction may be inferred for the particular moisture conditions. From observations, strength either remains constant along the dry side of the compaction curve or else reaches a peak and declines rapidly with increase in water content slightly dry of optimum water content. This is generally between 95 and 98 % maximum dry density (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). An as-compacted target strength in terms of IV may be designated from laboratory testing or field trials as a strength to achieve in the field as the result of a compaction process for a desired density and water content. If testing is performed after compaction when conditions are such that the water content has changed from the critical value, determination of the actual water content by laboratory testing enables the field density to be inferred from regression equati...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a soil either in the field or a test mold, as follows:
1.1.1 Field Procedure A—Determination of IV alone, in the field.
1.1.2 Field Procedure B—Determination of IV and water content, in the field.
1.1.3 Field Procedure C—Determination of IV, water content, and dry density, in the field.
1.1.4 Mold Procedure—Determination of IV of soil compacted in a mold, in the lab.
1.2 The standard test method, using a 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, is suitable for, but not limited to, evaluating the strength of an unsaturated compacted fill, in particular pavement materials, soils, and soil-aggregates having maximum particle sizes less than 37.5 mm (1.5 in.).
1.3 By using a lighter 0.5 kg (1.1 lbm) or 2.25 kg (5 lbm) hammer, this test method is applicable for evaluating lower strength soils such as fine grained cohesionless, highly organic, saturated, or highly plastic soils having a maximum particle size less than 9.5 mm (0.375 in.), or natural turfgrass.
1.4 By using a heavier 10 kg (22 lbm) or 20 kg (44 lbm) hammer, this test method is applicable for evaluating for harder materials at the top end the scales or beyond the ranges of the standard and lighter impact soil testers.
1.5 By performing laboratory test correlations for a particular soil using the 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, IV may be correlated with an unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) or may be used to infer percentage compaction.
1.6 The values stated SI are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are given for information only.
1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.8 For purposes of comparing, a measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits ...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5874 − 16
Standard Test Methods for
1
Determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5874; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.8 For purposes of comparing, a measured or calculated
value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant
Impact Value (IV) of a soil either in the field or a test mold, as
digits in the specified limits.
follows:
1.8.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
1.1.1 Field Procedure A—Determination of IV alone, in the
recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the
field.
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
1.1.2 Field Procedure B—Determination of IV and water
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
content, in the field.
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
1.1.3 Field Procedure C—Determination of IV, water
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
content, and dry density, in the field.
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
1.1.4 Mold Procedure—Determination of IV of soil com-
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
pacted in a mold, in the lab.
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
1.2 The standard test method, using a 4.5 kg (10 lbm)
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
hammer, is suitable for, but not limited to, evaluating the
methods for engineering design.
strength of an unsaturated compacted fill, in particular pave-
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ment materials, soils, and soil-aggregates having maximum
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
particle sizes less than 37.5 mm (1.5 in.).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 By using a lighter 0.5 kg (1.1 lbm) or 2.25 kg (5 lbm)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
hammer, this test method is applicable for evaluating lower
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
strengthsoilssuchasfinegrainedcohesionless,highlyorganic,
NOTE 1—The equipment and procedures contained in this test method
saturated, or highly plastic soils having a maximum particle
are similar to those developed by B. Clegg in the 1970s at the University
size less than 9.5 mm (0.375 in.), or natural turfgrass.
ofWesternAustralia, Nedlands,Australia. ImpactValue is also commonly
known as Clegg Impact Value (CIV).
1.4 By using a heavier 10 kg (22 lbm) or 20 kg (44 lbm)
hammer,thistestmethodisapplicableforevaluatingforharder
2. Referenced Documents
materials at the top end the scales or beyond the ranges of the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
standard and lighter impact soil testers.
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.5 By performing laboratory test correlations for a particu-
Fluids
larsoilusingthe4.5kg(10lbm)hammer,IVmaybecorrelated
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
with an unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) or may be
3
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
used to infer percentage compaction.
3
kN-m/m ))
1.6 The values stated SI are to be regarded as the standard.
D1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
Thevaluesstatedinparenthesesaregivenforinformationonly.
Place by Sand-Cone Method
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
3
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
3
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
Practice D6026.
D1883 Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of
Laboratory-Compacted Soils
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and
2
Construction Control Tests. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published January 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5874 – 02(2007). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5874-16. the ASTM website.
*A Summar
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5874 − 02 (Reapproved 2007) D5874 − 16
Standard Test MethodMethods for
1
Determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5874; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 ThisThese test method coversmethods cover the determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a soil either in the field or a test
mold.mold, as follows:
1.1.1 Field Procedure A—Determination of IV alone, in the field.
1.1.2 Field Procedure B—Determination of IV and water content, in the field.
1.1.3 Field Procedure C—Determination of IV, water content, and dry density, in the field.
1.1.4 Mold Procedure—Determination of IV of soil compacted in a mold, in the lab.
1.2 The standard test method, using a 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, is suitable for, but not limited to, evaluating the strength of an
unsaturated compacted fill, in particular pavement materials, soils, and soil-aggregates having maximum particle sizes less than
37.5 mm (1.5 in.).
1.3 By using a lighter 0.5 kg (1.1 lbm) or 2.25 kg (5 lbm) hammer, this test method is applicable for evaluating lower strength
soils such as fine grained cohesionless, highly organic, saturated, or highly plastic soils having a maximum particle size less than
9.5 mm (0.375 in.).in.), or natural turfgrass.
1.4 By using a heavier 10 kg (22 lbm) or 20 kg (44 lbm) hammer, this test method is applicable for evaluating for harder
materials at the top end the scales or beyond the ranges of the standard and lighter impact soil testers.
1.5 By performing laboratory test correlations for a particular soil using the 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, IV may be correlated with
an unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) or may be used to infer percentage compaction.
1.6 The values stated SI are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are given for information only.
1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026. The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the
accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard
is beyond its scope.
1.8 For purposes of comparing, a measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall
be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits.
1.8.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.9 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—The equipment and procedures contained in this test method are similar to those developed by B. Clegg in the 1970s at the University of
Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia. Impact Value is also commonly known as Clegg Impact Value (CIV).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and Construction
Control Tests.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007Jan. 1, 2016. Published July 2007January 2016. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20022007 as D5874
– 02.02(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D5874-02R07. 10.1520/D5874-16.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5874 − 16
Standard Test Methods for
1
Determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5874; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.8 For purposes of comparing, a measured or calculated
value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant
Impact Value (IV) of a soil either in the field or a test mold, as
digits in the specified limits.
follows:
1.8.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/
1.1.1 Field Procedure A—Determination of IV alone, in the
recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the
field.
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
1.1.2 Field Procedure B—Determination of IV and water
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
content, in the field.
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
1.1.3 Field Procedure C—Determination of IV, water
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
content, and dry density, in the field.
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
1.1.4 Mold Procedure—Determination of IV of soil com-
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
pacted in a mold, in the lab.
commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope
1.2 The standard test method, using a 4.5 kg (10 lbm)
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
hammer, is suitable for, but not limited to, evaluating the
methods for engineering design.
strength of an unsaturated compacted fill, in particular pave-
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ment materials, soils, and soil-aggregates having maximum
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
particle sizes less than 37.5 mm (1.5 in.).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 By using a lighter 0.5 kg (1.1 lbm) or 2.25 kg (5 lbm)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
hammer, this test method is applicable for evaluating lower
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
strength soils such as fine grained cohesionless, highly organic,
NOTE 1—The equipment and procedures contained in this test method
saturated, or highly plastic soils having a maximum particle
are similar to those developed by B. Clegg in the 1970s at the University
size less than 9.5 mm (0.375 in.), or natural turfgrass.
of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia. Impact Value is also commonly
known as Clegg Impact Value (CIV).
1.4 By using a heavier 10 kg (22 lbm) or 20 kg (44 lbm)
hammer, this test method is applicable for evaluating for harder
2. Referenced Documents
materials at the top end the scales or beyond the ranges of the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
standard and lighter impact soil testers.
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.5 By performing laboratory test correlations for a particu-
Fluids
lar soil using the 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, IV may be correlated
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
with an unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) or may be
3
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
used to infer percentage compaction.
3
kN-m/m ))
1.6 The values stated SI are to be regarded as the standard.
D1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
The values stated in parentheses are given for information only.
Place by Sand-Cone Method
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
3
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
3
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
Practice D6026.
D1883 Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of
Laboratory-Compacted Soils
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and
2
Construction Control Tests. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published January 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5874 – 02(2007). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5874-16. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © AS
...
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