ASTM D5854-96(2000)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the handling, mixing, and conditioning procedures that are required to ensure that a representative sample of the liquid petroleum or petroleum product is delivered from the primary sample container/ receiver into the analytical test apparatus or into intermediate containers.
1.2 Annex A2 covers acceptance test criteria for power mixer and sample container combinations, while Annexes A3 and A4 detail acceptance tests for mixing systems. Appendix X1 is a guide for selecting sample containers.
1.3 For sampling procedures, refer to Practices D4057 and D4177. Practice D5842 covers sampling and handling of light fuels for volatility measurement.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D5854–96 (Reapproved 2000)
Designation: MPMS Chapter 8.3
Standard Practice for
Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5854; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Volatility Measurement
2.2 API Documents:
1.1 This practice covers the handling, mixing, and condi-
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter
tioning procedures that are required to ensure that a represen-
10, Sediment and Water (all sections)
tative sample of the liquid petroleum or petroleum product is
Publication2003, ProtectionAgainstIgnitionArisingOutof
delivered from the primary sample container/receiver into the
Static, Lighting, and Stray Currents
analytical test apparatus or into intermediate containers.
Publication2026, SafeDescentontoFloatingRoofofTanks
1.2 Annex A2 covers acceptance test criteria for power
in Petroleum Service
mixerandsamplecontainercombinations,whileAnnexA3and
Publication2217, GuidelineforConfinedSpaceWorkinthe
Annex A4 detail acceptance tests for mixing systems. Appen-
Petroleum Industry
dix X1 is a guide for selecting sample containers.
2.3 Department of Transportation:
1.3 For sampling procedures, refer to Practices D4057 and
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Section 173
D4177.PracticeD5842coverssamplingandhandlingoflight
2.4 Occupational Safety and Health Standards:
fuels for volatility measurement.
29 Code of Federal Regulations, Subparagraph Z, “Toxic
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and Hazardous Substance”, Section 1910.1000 and fol-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
lowing.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.1 intermediate container—the vessel into which all or
part of the sample from a primary container/receiver is
2.1 ASTM Standards:
transferred for transport, storage, or ease of handling.
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
3.2 petroleum—denotes petroleum crudes, as well as petro-
(15-Theoretical Plate Column)
leum products, normally associated with the petroleum indus-
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
try.
Petroleum Products
3.3 primary container/receiver—the vessel in which a
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
sample is initially collected.
Petroleum Products
3.3.1 Discussion—Examples of primary sample containers
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
include glass and plastic bottles, cans, and fixed and portable
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
sample receivers.
D4928 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Coulom-
3.4 sampling—all the steps required to obtain a sample that
etric Karl Fischer Titration
is representative of the contents of any pipe, tank, or other
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
vessel, and to place that sample in a container from which a
representative test specimen can be taken for analysis.
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum
ProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD02.02on
Static Petroleum Measurement.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 1996. Published March 1996.
AvailablefromtheAmericanPetroleumInstitute,1220LSt.,NW,Washington,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
DC 20005.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5854–96 (2000)
3.5 test specimen—therepresentativesampletakenfromthe exceed the design pressure of the container. A pressure gage
primary or intermediate sample container for analysis. should also be provided.
6.2.11 Containers used with closed loop mixers may have
4. Significance and Use
multiple suction ports. As a minimum there should be one
suction port at the lowest point in the container.
4.1 Representative samples of petroleum and petroleum
products are required for the determination of chemical and 6.3 Container Size:
physical properties used to establish standard volumes, prices,
6.3.1 A general rule is that both primary and intermediate
andcompliancewithcommercialandregulatoryspecifications.
containers should be large enough to hold the required sample
Thetreatmentofsamplesfromthetimeofcollectionuntilthey
size within 80% of the total capacity to facilitate mixing and
are analyzed requires care and effort to maintain their compo-
to provide for thermal expansion.
sitional integrity.
6.3.2 The size of primary containers is determined from the
sampling operation as described in Practices D4057 and
5. Safety and Health Precautions
D4177.
5.1 In view of the potential health and safety hazards
6.3.3 The size of intermediate containers should be as large
associatedwiththehandlingandmixingofpetroleumsamples,
as practical to minimize surface tension effects with due
only qualified personnel should be involved.
consideration given to storage space requirements, shipping
5.2 All sample handling and mixing equipment should be
rules and regulations, costs, availability, and other practical
approved by the parties involved. All equipment should be
considerations.
installed, operated, and maintained in a manner to minimize
6.4 Container Material:
potential health and safety hazards.
6.4.1 Sample containers are normally made of glass, metal,
5.3 Detailed instructions and references to pertinent guide-
or plastic. Exercise care in the selection of container material
lines are in Annex A1.
as it could affect the test results obtained from the sample.
Containers acceptable for samples to be tested immediately
6. Sample Containers
may not be acceptable for storage of sample.
6.1 No single container type will meet requirements of all
6.4.2 Glasscontainersaresuitableformanysampletestand
petroleum sampling operations. The following are general
storage requirements. Clear glass bottles may be examined
design and construction considerations for sample containers.
visually for cleanliness and allow for visual inspection of the
6.2 Container Configuration:
sample for free water or solid impurities. Some petroleum
6.2.1 Containers should drain continuously toward the out-
samples are affected by exposure to sunlight if clear glass is
let to ensure complete liquid withdrawal.
used. In these cases, brown glass bottles may afford the
6.2.2 Cylindrical containers are better suited for samples
necessary protection.
that are to be tested for free water or sediment and water.
6.4.3 Cans coated with tin must have seams that have been
6.2.3 Containers should not have internal pockets or dead
solderedontheexteriorsurfaceswithafluxofrosincleanedin
spots.
a suitable solvent. Such a flux is easily removed with gasoline,
6.2.4 Internal surfaces of containers should minimize cor-
whereas many others are very difficult to remove. Minute
rosion, incrustation, water, and sediment clingage.
traces of flux may contaminate the sample so that results
6.2.5 Container configuration should allow for the transfer
obtained on tests such as dielectric strength, oxidation resis-
of samples from one container to another or to the analytical
tance, and sludge formation may be erroneous. Exercise care
apparatus while maintaining the integrity of the sample’s
also to ensure that samples containing free or entrained water
composition.
are not corrosive to the metal. Internally epoxy-lined tin cans
6.2.6 Containers should have an inspection cover/closure/
may have residual contamination and precaution should be
cap of sufficient size to facilitate filling, inspection, and
taken to ensure its removal.
cleaning. A means of installing security seals should be
6.4.4 Cans made of stainless steel with welded seams are
provided.
suitableformanysamplingoperations.Otherthanensuringthe
6.2.7 Containers should allow for the preparation of a
cleanliness, use of these containers presents no unusual con-
homogeneous mixture of the sample while preventing the loss
cerns.
of any constituents which affect the representativeness of the
6.4.5 Plasticbottlesmustbeofamaterialthatisimpervious
sample and the accuracy of the analytical tests.
to attack from the sample. This is especially a consideration
6.2.8 Containers should be made so as to avoid contamina-
when using plastic for long term storage of certain petroleum
tion from external water or other foreign material.
products. Clear plastic bottles are unsuitable for samples
6.2.9 Containers used with closed loop mixers may be
sensitive to light.
equipped with a discharge line inside the container which has
multipleoutletports.Anothermethodofachievingtheeffectof 6.4.6 Whensamplingaviationfuels,PracticeD4306should
multipledischargeportsistosplitthedischargestreamcoming be consulted for guidance on container selection.This practice
from the mixing pump into two or more separate streams with gives information on the types of containers that have been
each having its own inlet into the sample container. found satisfactory for tests to determine water separation,
6.2.10 Containers used with closed loop mixers should be copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, thermal stability,
equipped with a pressure/vacuum relief valve set so as not to lubricity, and trace metal content.
D5854–96 (2000)
6.4.7 Appendix X1 is a guide for selecting the material of 6.8 Labels:
which sample containers may be made. It is impossible to
6.8.1 Each sample container is to have a label attached to it
cover all petroleum sampling container requirements; there-
which meets the requirements of the parties involved.
fore, when questions arise as to a container’s suitability for a
6.8.2 Fig.1isanexampleofalabelwhichshowsthetypical
given application, experience and testing should be relied
informationneededtoproperlyidentifythesample.Inaddition
upon.
to this basic information, certain governmental agencies such
6.5 Container Closures:
as DOTand OSHAhave additional labeling requirements with
which personnel involved in the handling and shipping of
6.5.1 For glass bottles, stoppers or screw caps made of a
material that will not deteriorate or contaminate the sample samples must be familiar.
may be used. Care must be used when using cork stoppers. 6.9 Shipping Enclosures:
Situations where corks should not be used include liquids
6.9.1 Many sample containers require special shipping en-
wherelossoflightendsmayaffectthetest’sresultsandliquids
closures before they can be transported from the point of
which are hydroscopic or which have a low water content
collection. Regulations covering the transport of samples
specification. Rubber stoppers should never be used. shouldbeconsulted(seetheCodeofFederalRegulations,Title
6.5.2 Cans and plastic bottles should be closed with screw 49, Section 173).
caps made of the same material as the container. Caps should 6.10 Storage and Disposal:
provide a vapor tight seal.
6.10.1 Except when being transferred, samples should be
6.5.3 Screw caps for cans used to store or transport samples maintained in a closed container in order to prevent loss of
must be protected by a disk faced with a material that will not light components. Samples should be protected during storage
deteriorateorcontaminatethesample.Considerationofclosure to prevent weathering or degradation from light, heat, or other
type is important for samples where vapor loss will affect the potential detrimental conditions.
test results.
6.10.2 There are many governmental agencies and jurisdic-
6.6 Federal Container Requirements—In addition to the tions that have regulations governing the storage and disposal
requirements listed above, any sample container that contains of petroleum samples and containers that can be classified as
hazardous materials or the residue of hazardous material hazardous materials or hazardous wastes. Those who handle
offered for shipment or transportation by air, public roadway, petroleum samples must be familiar with these regulations in
rail, or water, or any combination thereof, must meet the addition to their own company policies and procedures.
requirements set forth in applicable regulations such as DOT
regulations in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49,
Section 173.
6.7 Container Cleanliness:
6.7.1 Sample containers must be clean and free from all
substances which might contaminate the material being
sampled(suchaswater,dirt,lint,washingcompounds,naphtha
and other solvents, soldering fluxes, acids, rust, and oil). Prior
to further use, reusable containers such as cans and bottles
shouldberinsedwithasuitablesolvent.Useofsludgesolvents
toremovealltracesofsedimentsandsludgemaybenecessary.
Following the solvent wash, the container should be washed
with a strong soap solution, rinsed thoroughly with tap water,
and given a final rinse using distilled water. Dry the container
either by passing a current of clean warm air through the
container or by placing it in a hot dust-free cabinet at 40°C
(104°F) or higher. When dry, stopper or cap the container
immediately. Normally, it is not necessary to wash new
containers.
6.7.2 Depending on service, receivers used in conjunction
with automatic samplers may need to be washed with solvent
between uses. In most applications, it is not desirable or
practical to wash these receivers using soap and water as
outlined above for cans and bottles. The cleanliness and
integrity of all sample containers/receivers must be verified
prior to use.
6.7.3 When sampling aviation fuel, Practice D4306 should
be consulted for recommended cleaning procedures for con-
tainers that are to be used in tests for determination of water
separation, copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, thermal
stability, lubricity, and trace metal content. FIG. 1 Typical Sample Label
D5854–96 (2000)
7. Handling and Mixing Samples Thesecategoriesvarygreatlyinseveritydependingonthetype
of analytical test to be conducted and the characteristics of the
7.1 General Considerations:
sample. The following is a brief discussion of each category:
7.1.1 Itisprefer
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.