ASTM D1695-07

Standard Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard contains terms, definition of terms, descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and explanations of acronyms and symbols specifically associated with standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications; Subcommittee D01.36 on Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives.
1.2 This terminology is divided into three classes as follows:SectionCellulosic Materials and ConstituentsChemical Modifications and Derivatives of CelluloseProperties of Cellulose and Associated Concepts that are applicable to both Sections 3 and 4

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2007
• ICS: 01.040.85 - Paper technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 85.040 - Pulps
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.36 - Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1695-96(2001) - Standard Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Replaced By: ASTM D1695-07(2012) - Standard Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D6389-17 - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D5896-96(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Carbohydrate Distribution of Cellulosic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D16-23 - Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D6942-03(2019) - Standard Test Method for Stability of Cellulose Fibers in Alkaline Environments
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D5012-20 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Materials Used for the Collection and Preservation of Atmospheric Wet Deposition
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D6213-17 - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geogrids to Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D2270-10(2016) - Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 °C and 100 °C
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D6188-17(2022) - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Cellulose by Cuprammonium Ball Fall
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E284-22 - Standard Terminology of Appearance
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1695 − 07
StandardTerminology of
1
Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope araban—a pentosan yielding essentially only arabinose on
hydrolysis.
1.1 This terminology standard contains terms, definition of
terms,descriptionsofterms,nomenclature,andexplanationsof
arabinogalactan—a polysaccharide consisting of arabinose
acronyms and symbols specifically associated with standards
and galactose units, like the water-soluble polysaccharide of
under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
larch.
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications; Subcommittee
arabinose—a pentose that occurs as one of the sugar units in
D01.36 on Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives.
some hemicelluloses.
1.2 This terminology is divided into three classes as fol-
lows:
arabinomethylglucuronoxylan—a hemicellulose containing
Section arabinose, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid, and xylose groups in
Cellulosic Materials and Constituents 3
its structure.
Chemical Modifications and Derivatives of Cellulose 4
Properties of Cellulose and Associated Concepts that are
beta-cellulose—(1) Historically, a term used to indicate impu-
applicable to both Sections 3 and45
rities of moderate chain lengths found in pulps, predomi-
2. Referenced Documents nately degraded cellulose. (2) Beta-cellulose content, as
measured by TAPPI Method T203 om-93, is the pulp
2.1 The numerous ASTM Standards to which this standard
fraction soluble in caustic, which precipitates upon acidifi-
applies are found in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol
cation.
06.03.
2
carbohydrates not cellulose—the noncellulosic carbohy-
2.2 TAPPI Standards:
drates of a cellulosic material.
TAPPI Method T203 om-93Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-
Cellulose in Pulp
cellophane pulps—pulps used in the manufacture of cello-
phane, and subject to various specifications by the manufac-
3. Cellulosic Materials and Constituents
turers, including those of purity, moisture content, sheet
properties, and viscosity.
acetylation pulps—pulpsusedinthemanufactureofcellulose
acetate or other esters, and subject to various specifications
cellulose—(1) the main solid constituent of woody plants; it
by the manufacturers, including those of purity, moisture
occurs widely elsewhere in the vegetable kingdom, and to a
content, sheet properties, and viscosity.
smallextentintheanimalkingdom.(2)chemically,cellulose
alpha-cellulose—(1) Historically, a term used to indicate the
is b-1-4 glucan of high degree of polymerization. It is
pure, relative undegraded cellulose found in pulps. (2) desirable to apply “cellulose” to this material only and to
Alpha-cellulosecontentisoftenmeasuredbyTAPPIMethod
designate the predominantly cellulosic residue obtained by
T203 om-93 where alpha-cellulose is that portion of the subjecting woody tissues to various pulping processes as
pulp which does not dissolve under the test conditions.
“cellulosic residues,” “cellulosic pulps,” or the like.
alpha pulps—see chemical cellulose.
cellulose I—the crystalline modification of cellulose that
normally occurs in nature.
1
cellulose II—the crystalline modification of cellulose that is
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
found in mercerized cellulose, in regenerated cellulose, and
Subcommittee D01.36 on Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives.
in cellulose produced by the hydrolysis of various cellulose
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally
derivatives.
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D1695-96 (2001).
DOI: 10.1520/D1695-07.
2
cellulose III—a crystalline modification of cellulose produced
Available from TechnicalAssociation of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI),
15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA 30092, http://www.tappi.org. by treatment, under certain conditions, with ammonia or
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D1695 − 07
sometimes by amines. The method of removing the reagent glucuronoxylan—a common designation for the xylose-
determines the modification produced. containing hardwood hemicelluloses. (see also methylglu-
curonoxylan)
cellulose IV—a crystalline modification of cellulose produced
by heat treatment of cellulose II. hemicellulose—any of a number of cell-wall polysaccharides
thatareremovablebyext
...