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ASTM D4857-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards

SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the performance of lubricants intended for use in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gasoline engines that are particularly prone to ring sticking. Piston varnish and spark plug fouling are also evaluated.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2002
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4857-01a - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D4857-03 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003

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ASTM D4857-02 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than OutboardsASTM D4857-02 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards
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ASTM D4857-02 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 4857 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring
Sticking and Piston Deposits in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline
1
Engines Other Than Outboards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
5
2 Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1.1 This test method evaluates the performance of lubri-
D 4629 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Petro-
cants intended for use in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gaso-
leum Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combus-
line engines that are particularly prone to ring sticking. Piston
5
tion and Chemiluminescence Detection
varnish and spark plug fouling are also evaluated.
D 4858 Test Method for Determination of the Tendency of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are the standard. The values
Lubricants to Promote Preignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle
given in parentheses are provided for information only.
5
Gasoline Engines
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 4859 Specification for Lubricants for Two-Stroke-Cycle
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5
Spark Ignition Gasoline Engines-TC
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D 4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5
Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D 4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-
2. Referenced Documents ments in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma
5
Atomic Emission Spectrometry
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
B 152 Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and
6
3
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
Rolled Bar
7
G 40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
D 93 Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens
4
2.2 ANSI Standard:
Closed Cup Tester
ANSI MC 96.1 American National Standard for Tempera-
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
8
4
ture Measurement Thermocouples
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
3. Terminology
4
and Opaque Liquids
3.1 Definitions:
D 874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
4
3.1.1 cold sticking—of piston rings, a condition in which
and Additives
the ring is free in its groove while the engine is running but
D 2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
4
stuck when the piston is cold, normally indicated by the
matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
absence of varnish or other deposits on the outer face of the
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
4
ring and of signs of blowby on the piston skirt.
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
3.1.2 combustion chamber—in reciprocating internal com-
bustion engines, the volume bounded by the piston crown and
any portion of the cylinder walls extending above the piston
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
crown when in the top dead center position, and the inner
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants. surface of the cylinder head including any spark plugs and
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally
other inserted components. D 4858
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 4857–01a.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. These can
5
be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
6
15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
7
Information Letters through No. 02-1. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.
3 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4857–02
3.1.3 hot sticking—of piston rings, a condition in which th
...

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ASTM D6792-23c(Practice)
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4.1 A petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants testing laboratory plays a crucial role in product quality management and customer satisfaction. It is essential for a laboratory to provide quality data. This document provides guidance for establishing and maintaining a quality management system in a laboratory.  
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5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
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1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to 165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene trimer and tetramer, butene dimer, and mixed nonenes, octenes, and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal alpha-olefins.  
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1.2 The magnitude of the bromine number is an indication of the quantity of bromine-reactive constituents, not an identification of constituents; therefore, its application as a measure of olefinic unsaturation should not be undertaken without the study given in Annex A1.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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5.3 Procedures A, B, C, and D of this test method describe how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with earlier techniques that extrapolated experimental viscometric data obtained at higher temperatures.
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1.4.2 The viscosity data used for Procedure D precision study was from 6400 mPa·s to 256 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –26 °C and –40 °C.  
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5.1 This test simulates a type of severe field service in which corrosion-promoting moisture in the form of condensed water vapor accumulates in the axle assembly. This may happen as a result of volume expansion and contraction of the axle lubricant and the accompanied breathing in of moisture-laden air through the axle vent. The test screens lubricants for their ability to prevent the expected corrosion.  
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1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
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1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off