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ASTM E1003-13(2022)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Hydrostatic Leak Testing

Standard Practice for Hydrostatic Leak Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This practice is useful for quality control testing and field inspection of piping systems, pipelines, valves, and containers that are expected to retain liquids. It is not sensitive enough for leak testing when toxic or explosive gas is expected to be retained under pressure.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the testing of components for leaks by pressurizing them inside with a liquid.  
1.2 This practice can be used on piping, valves, and containers with welded or fitted sections which can be sealed at their ends and which are designed for internal pressure.  
1.3 Basic procedures are described based on the type of inspection used. These procedures should be limited to finding leakage indications of 4.5 × 10−9 mol/s (1 × 10−4 Std cm3/s)2 or larger.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2022
ICS
19.100 - Non-destructive testing
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.08 - Leak Testing Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E1316-24 - Standard Terminology for <?Pub Dtl?>Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Feb-2024
Refers
ASTM E1316-19b - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Refers
ASTM E1316-19 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Mar-2019
Refers
ASTM E1316-18 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Jan-2018
Refers
ASTM E1316-17a - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
15-Jun-2017
Refers
ASTM E1316-17 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Feb-2017
Refers
ASTM E1316-16a - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Aug-2016
Refers
ASTM E1316-16 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Feb-2016
Refers
ASTM E1316-15a - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Refers
ASTM E1316-15 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Sep-2015
Refers
ASTM E1316-14e1 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Jun-2014
Refers
ASTM E1316-14 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Jun-2014
Refers
ASTM E1316-13d - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Dec-2013
Refers
ASTM E1316-13c - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
15-Jun-2013
Refers
ASTM E1316-13b - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013

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ASTM E1003-13(2022) - Standard Practice for Hydrostatic Leak Testing
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1003 − 13 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practice for
Hydrostatic Leak Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1003; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ASNT Documents:
SNT-TC-1ARecommended Practice for Personal Qualifica-
1.1 This practice covers the testing of components for leaks
tion and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
by pressurizing them inside with a liquid.
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and
1.2 This practice can be used on piping, valves, and con-
Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
tainers with welded or fitted sections which can be sealed at
2.3 AIA Standard:
their ends and which are designed for internal pressure.
NAS-410Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
1.3 Basic procedures are described based on the type of
Test Personnel
inspection used.These procedures should be limited to finding
−9 −4 3 2
leakageindicationsof4.5×10 mol/s(1×10 Stdcm /s) or
3. Terminology
larger.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
practice, see Terminology E1316, Section E.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4. Summary of Practice
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
tion only and are not considered standard.
4.1 Hydrostatic testing requires that a component be com-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety pletely filled with a liquid, such as water. Pressure is slowly
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
appliedtotheliquiduntiltherequiredpressureisreached.This
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, pressure is held for the required time at which point the
health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-
component is inspected visually to locate leaks or the pressure
cability of regulatory limitations prior to use. on the gauge is recorded to determine the components total
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
leakage.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 The two basic procedures are described together with
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
methods for improving their sensitivity.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.2.1 Pressure Drop Indication—This procedure is used
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
primarily to measure total system leakage.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.2.2 Visual Inspection for Leakage—This procedure is
intended primarily to locate leaks.
2. Referenced Documents
4.3 Ultrasonic pretesting for gross leaks is described.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
5. Basis of Application
Testing
5.1 The following items are subject to contractual agree-
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
ment between the parties using or referencing this practice:
5.2 Personnel Qualification
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
5.2.1 If specified in the contractual agreement. Personnel
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.08 on Leak
performing examinations to this practice shall be qualified in
Testing Method.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2022.PublishedJuly2022.Originallyapproved accordance with a nationally or internationally recognized
in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as E1003– 13(2018). DOI:
NDT personnel qualification practice or standard such as
10.1520/E1003-13R22.
The gas temperature is referenced to 0°C. To convert to another gas reference
temperature, T , multiply the leak rate by (T +273) ⁄273.
ref ref
3 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
the ASTM website. WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1003 − 13 (2022)
ANSI/ASNTCP-189,SNT-TC-1A,NAS-410,orsimilardocu- 8.2 Pressure Relief Valve.
ment and certified by the employer or certifying agency, as
8.3 Pressure Alarm.
applicable. The practice or standard used and its applicable
8.4 Emergency Pressure Shut-Off Valve.
revision shall be identified in the contractual agreement.
8.5 Trapped Air Vent.
5.3 Qualification of Nondestructive Agencies—If specified
in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified
8.6 Pressure Pump.
and evaluated as described in Specification E543. The appli-
8.7 Liquid Test Media.
cable edition of Specification E543 shall be specified in the
contractual agreement. 8.8 Pressure Hoses and Fittings.
5.4 Re-examination of Repaired/Reworked Items—Re- 8.9 Protection Chamber for High-Pressure Tests.
examinationofrepaired/reworkeditemsisnotaddressedinthis
practice, they shall be specified in the contractual agreement. 9. General Procedures
9.1 Openings:
6. Significance and Use
9.1.1 Seal all openings using plugs or covers that can
6.1 This practice is useful for quality control testing and
withstand the test pressure and can be completely removed
field inspection of piping systems, pipelines, valves, and
after the test.
containers that are expected to retain liquids. It is not sensitive
9.1.2 The test fluid inlet should be located on the bottom of
enoughforleaktestingwhentoxicorexplosivegasisexpected
the test object with the trapped air vent at the highest point.
to be retained under pressure.
9.1.3 Components rated at pressures below the test pressure
7. Interferences
must be isolated.
7.1 The interior and exterior welds and joints where leaks
9.2 Gauges—One or more test gauges must be connected to
are often found must be free of oil, grease, flux, slag, or other
the system. If more than one gauge is used, one may be a
contaminants that might temporarily block or mask leakage.
recording gauge. At least one gauge which is used for accep-
New systems should be tested prior to painting, where practi-
tance of the test shall be calibrated within 30 days prior to use.
cal.
One indicating gauge must be easily visible to the operator
controllingthepressurethroughoutthepressurizingandtesting
7.2 Hydrostatic testing should not be performed before a
cycle.
leak test using air or a tracer gas. The liquid test media may
clog small leaks causing later tests to be inaccurate.
9.3 Pre-Test Inspection:
9.3.1 Beforepressurizingisbegun,inspecttheoutsideofthe
7.3 Test liquid must be equal or above atmosphere tempera-
test object to verify that it is dry and all
...

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ASTM E1316-24(Terminology)
Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The terms found in this standard are intended to be used uniformly and consistently in all nondestructive testing standards. The purpose of this standard is to promote a clear understanding and interpretation of the NDT standards in which they are used.
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1.1 This standard covers the terminology used in the standards prepared by the E07 Committee on Nondestructive Testing. These nondestructive testing (NDT) methods include: acoustic emission, electromagnetic testing, gamma- and X-radiology, leak testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, neutron radiology and gauging, ultrasonic testing, and other technical methods.  
1.2 Committee E07 recognizes that the terms examination, testing, and inspection are commonly used as synonyms in nondestructive testing. For uniformity and consistency in E07 nondestructive testing standards, Committee E07 encourages the use of the terms examination or inspection and their derivatives when describing the application of nondestructive test methods. In a specific standard, either examination or inspection shall be used consistently throughout the document. Similarly, E07 encourages the use of the term test and its derivatives when referring to the body of knowledge of a nondestructive testing method. There are, however, appropriate exceptions when the term test and its derivatives may be used to describe the application of a nondestructive test, such as measurements which produce a numeric result (for example, when using the leak testing method to perform a leak test on a component, or an ultrasonic measurement of velocity). Additionally, the term test should be used when referring to the NDT method, that is, Radiologic Testing (RT), Ultrasonic Testing (UT), and so forth. (Example: Radiologic Testing (RT) is often used to examine material to detect internal discontinuities.)
Note 1: The following sentences clarify this policy and illustrate its use:
(a) Nondestructive testing methods are used extensively for the examination or inspection of materials and components.
(b) The E07 Committee on Nondestructive Testing has prepared many documents to promote uniform usage of the nondestructive testing methods that are applied to examine or inspect materials and components.  
(c) Radiologic Testing (RT) is often used to inspect material to detect internal discontinuities.
(d) Magnetic Particle Testing (MT), Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT), and Visual Testing (VT) are often used to examine the surface of a component.
(e) The Bubble Leak Testing (BLT) method is sometimes used to leak test a pressure containing component to detect leaks.
(f) A guide for Nondestructive Testing of additively manufactured materials will describe several methods but a practice will focus on a single inspection method.  
1.3 Section A defines terms that are common to multiple NDT methods, whereas the subsequent sections define terms pertaining to specific NDT methods.  
1.4 As shown on the chart below, when a nondestructive examination or inspection produces an indication, the indication is subject to interpretation as false, nonrelevant, or relevant. If it has been interpreted as relevant, the necessary subsequent evaluation will result in the decision to accept or reject the material. With the exception of accept and reject, which retain the meaning found in most dictionaries, all the words used in the chart are defined in Section A.    
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1742/E1742M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes the basic parameters for the application and control of the radiographic method. This practice is written so it can be specified on the engineering drawing, specification, or contract. It is not a detailed how-to procedure to be used by the NDT facility and, therefore, must be supplemented by a detailed procedure (see 6.1). Practices E1030/E1030M, E1032, and E1416 contain information to help develop detailed technique/procedure requirements.
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1.1 This practice2 covers the minimum requirements for radiographic examination for metallic and nonmetallic materials.  
1.2 Applicability—The criteria for the radiographic examination in this practice are applicable to all types of metallic and nonmetallic materials. When specified, it may be used for radiographic inspection of metallic or non-metallic materials, weldments, castings, and brazed materials. The requirements expressed in this practice are intended to control the quality of the radiographic images and are not intended to establish acceptance criteria for parts and materials.  
1.3 Basis of Application—There are areas in this practice that may require agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization. These items should be addressed in the purchase order or the contract.  
1.3.1 DoD contracts.  
1.3.2 Personnel qualification, 5.1.1.  
1.3.3 Agency qualification, 5.1.2.  
1.3.4 Digitizing techniques, 5.4.5.  
1.3.5 Alternate image quality indicator (IQI) types, 5.5.3.  
1.3.6 Examination sequence, 6.6.  
1.3.7 Non-film techniques, 6.7.  
1.3.8 Radiographic quality levels, 6.9.  
1.3.9 Optical density, 6.10.  
1.3.10 IQI qualification exposure, 6.13.3.  
1.3.11 Non-requirement for IQI, 6.18.  
1.3.12 Examination coverage for welds, A2.2.2.  
1.3.13 Electron beam welds, A2.3.  
1.3.14 Geometric unsharpness, 6.23.  
1.3.15 Responsibility for examination, 6.27.1.  
1.3.16 Examination report, 6.27.2.  
1.3.17 Retention of radiographs, 6.27.8.  
1.3.18 Storage of radiographs, 6.27.9.  
1.3.19 Reproduction of radiographs, 6.27.10 and 6.27.10.1.  
1.3.20 Acceptable parts, 6.28.1.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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ASTM E1411-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As with conventional radiography, radioscopic examination is broadly applicable to the many materials and object configurations which may be penetrated with X-rays or gamma rays. The high degree of variation in architecture and performance among radioscopic systems due to component selection, physical arrangement, and object variables makes it necessary to establish the performance that the selected radioscopic system is capable of achieving in specific applications. The manufacturer or integrator of the radioscopic system, as well as the user, require a common basis for determining the performance level of the radioscopic system.  
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5.3 This practice addresses the performance of radioscopic systems in the static mode or dynamic mode, that can allow relative test-part motion between source, part, and detector, and may or may not have the ability to effect parameter changes during the radioscopic examination process. Users of radioscopy are cautioned that the dynamic aspects of radioscopy can have beneficial as well as detrimental effects upon system performance.  
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5.1 Liquid penetrant testing methods indicate the presence, location, and to a limited extent, the nature and magnitude of the detected discontinuities. Each of the various penetrant methods has been designed for specific uses such as critical service items, volume of parts, portability, or localized areas of examination. The method selected will depend accordingly on the design and service requirements of the parts or materials being tested.
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1.2.1 By which a liquid penetrant examination process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.  
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1.2.3 For use in the organization of facilities and personnel concerned with liquid penetrant testing.  
1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest criteria for evaluation of the indications obtained by penetrant testing. It should be pointed out, however, that after indications have been found, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code, standard, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This guide provides procedures for the application of contact straight-beam examination for the detection and quantitative evaluation of discontinuities in materials.  
6.2 Although not all requirements of this guide can be applied universally to all examinations, situations, and materials, it does provide basis for establishing contractual criteria between the users, and may be used as a general guide for preparing detailed specifications for a particular application.  
6.3 This guide is directed towards the evaluation of discontinuities detectable with the beam normal to the entry surface. If discontinuities or other orientations are of concern, alternate scanning techniques are required.
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1.1 This guide covers procedures for the contact ultrasonic examination of bulk materials or parts by transmitting pulsed ultrasonic waves into the material and observing the indications of reflected waves. This guide covers only examinations in which one search unit is used as both transmitter and receiver (pulse-echo). This guide includes general requirements and procedures that may be used for detecting discontinuities, locating depth and distance from a point of reference and for making a relative or approximate evaluation of the size of discontinuities as compared to a reference standard.  
1.2 This guide complements Practice E114 by providing more detailed procedures for the selection and standardization of the examination system and for evaluation of the indications obtained.  
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ASTM E3370-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Matrix Array Ultrasonic Testing of Composites, Sandwich Core Constructions, and Metals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedures described in this practice have proven utility in the inspecting (1) monolithic polymer matrix composites (laminates) for bulk defects, (2) metals for corrosion during the service life of the part of interest, (3) thickness checks, (4) adhesive bonding of metals, composites, and sandwich core constructions, (5) coatings, and (6) composite filament windings. Both unpressurized, and with suitable precautions, pressurized materials and components are inspected.  
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5.4 MAUT search units provide near-surface resolution and detection of small discontinuities comparable to phased array transducers. They may or may not be capable of beam steering. The advantage of MAUT for straight-beam longitudinal wave inspections is the ability to provide real-time C-scan data, which facilitates data interpretation and shortens inspection time. Depending on inspection needs, data can be displayed as A-, B- or C-scans, or three-dimensional renderings. Toggling between pulse-echo and through transmission ultrasonic (TTU) modes without having to use another system or changing transducers is also possible.  
5.5 The MAUT technique has proven utility in the inspection of multi-ply carbon-fiber reinforced laminates used in primary aircraft structures.11  
5.6 For ultrasonic testing of laminate composites and sandwich core materials using conventional UT equipment consult Practice E2580. Consult Practice E114 for ultrasonic testing of materials by the pulse-echo method using straightbeam longitudinal waves introduced by a piezoelectric elemen...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for matrix array ultrasonic testing (MAUT) of monolithic composites, composite sandwich constructions, and metallic test articles. These procedures can be used throughout the life cycle of a part during product and process design optimization, on line process control, post-manufacturing inspection, and in-service inspection.  
1.2 In general, ultrasonic testing is a common volumetric method for detection of embedded or subsurface discontinuities. This practice includes general requirements and procedures which may be used for detecting flaws and for making a relative or approximate evaluation of the size of discontinuities and part anomalies. The types of flaws or discontinuities detected include interply delaminations, foreign object debris (FOD), inclusions, disbond/un-bond, fiber debonding, fiber fracture, porosity, voids, impact damage, thickness variation, and corrosion.  
1.3 Typical test articles include monolithic composite layups such as uniaxial, cross ply and angle ply laminates, sandwich constructions, bonded structures, and filament windings, as well as forged, wrought and cast metallic parts. Two techniques can be considered based on accessibility of the inspection surface: namely, pulse echo inspection for one-sided access and through-transmission for two-sided access. As used in this practice, both require the use of a pulsed straight-beam ultrasonic longitudinal wave followed by observing indications of either the reflected (pulse-echo) or received (through transmission) wave.  
1.4 This practice provides two ultrasonic test procedures. Each has its own merits and requirements for inspection and shall be selected as agreed upon in a contractual document.  
1.4.1 Test Procedure A, Pulse Echo (non-contacting and contacting) is at a minimum a single matrix array transducer transmitting and receiving longitudinal waves in the range of 0.5 MHz to 20 MHz (see Fig. 1). Th...

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ASTM E2862-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Probability of Detection Analysis for Hit/Miss Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The POD analysis method described herein is based on a well-known and well established statistical regression method. It shall be used to quantify the demonstrated POD for a specific set of examination parameters and known range of discontinuity sizes under the following conditions.  
5.1.1 The initial response from a nondestructive evaluation inspection system is ultimately binary in nature (that is, hit or miss).  
5.1.2 Discontinuity size is the predictor variable and can be accurately quantified.  
5.1.3 A relationship between discontinuity size and POD exists and is best described by a generalized linear model with the appropriate link function for binary outcomes.  
5.2 This practice does not limit the use of a generalized linear model with more than one predictor variable or other types of statistical models if justified as more appropriate for the hit/miss data.  
5.3 If the initial response from a nondestructive evaluation inspection system is measurable and can be classified as a continuous variable (for example, data collected from an Eddy Current inspection system), then Practice E3023 may be more appropriate.  
5.4 Prior to performing the analysis it is assumed that the discontinuity of interest is clearly defined; the number and distribution of induced discontinuity sizes in the POD specimen set is known and well-documented; discontinuities in the POD specimen set are unobstructed; and the POD examination administration procedure (including data collection method) is well-designed, well-defined, under control, and unbiased. The analysis results are only valid if convergence is achieved and the model adequately represents the data.  
5.5 The POD analysis method described herein is consistent with the analysis method for binary data described in MIL-HDBK-1823A, and is included in several widely utilized POD software packages to perform a POD analysis on hit/miss data. It is also found in statistical software packages that have generalized line...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for performing a statistical analysis on nondestructive testing hit/miss data to determine the demonstrated probability of detection (POD) for a specific set of examination parameters. Topics covered include the standard hit/miss POD curve formulation, validation techniques, and correct interpretation of results.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3388-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining Image Unsharpness and Basic Spatial Resolution in Radiography and Radioscopy for High Energy Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The gauge is intended to provide a means for measuring image or detector unsharpness and basic spatial image or detector resolution as independently as practicable from the imaging system and contrast sensitivity limitations. When the duplex plate gauge is positioned directly on the film or the digital detector instead on the test object, then the determined image unsharpness UIm corresponds to the inherent film or detector unsharpness (Udetector) and the determined basic spatial image resolution SRbimage corresponds to the basic spatial detector resolution SRbdetector. SRbimage provides a value which depends on the combined effect of detector unsharpness and geometric unsharpness.  
5.2 Basis of Application:  
5.2.1 The following items are subject to contractual agreement between the parties using or referencing this standard.
5.2.1.1 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing examinations to this practice shall be qualified in accordance with NAS410, EN 4179, ANSI/ASNT CP 189, ISO 9712, or SNT-TC-1A and certified by the employer or certifying agency as applicable. Other equivalent qualification documents may be used when specified on the contract or purchase order. The applicable revision shall be the latest unless otherwise specified in the contractual agreement between parties.
5.2.1.2 If specified in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified and evaluated as described in Specification E543. The applicable edition of Specification E543 shall be specified in the contract.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the design and basic use of a gauge used to determine the image unsharpness and the basic spatial resolution of film radiographs or of digital images taken with CR imaging plates, digital detector arrays (DDA), or radioscopic systems (for example, with X-ray image intensifiers) for applications with Se-75, Ir-192, Co-60 and high energy sources with tube potentials ≥ 300 kV. The IQI may be used at lower tube potentials too, if the expected unsharpness is > 200 µm (SRbimage or SRbdetector > 100 µm). For the measurement of lower unsharpness values, the usage of the gauge described in Practice E2002 is recommended.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to radiographic and radioscopic imaging systems utilizing X-ray and gamma ray radiation sources.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The gauge described can be used effectively if the duplex wire IQI of Practice E2002 does not provide sufficient contrast resolution.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2663-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE) for Ultrasonic Test Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Personnel that are responsible for the creation, transfer, and storage of ultrasonic test results will use this standard. This practice defines a set of information modules that, along with Practice E2339 and the DICOM standard, provides a standard means to organize ultrasonic test parameters and results. The ultrasonic test results may be displayed and analyzed on any device that conforms to this standard. Personnel wishing to view any ultrasonic inspection data stored in DICONDE format may use this document to help them decode and display the data contained in the DICONDE compliant inspection record.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the interoperability of ultrasonic imaging equipment by specifying image data transfer and archival storage methods in commonly accepted terms. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with Practice E2339. Practice E2339 defines an industrial adaptation of NEMA PS3 / ISO 12052 (DICOM, see http://medical.nema.org), an international standard for image data acquisition, review, transfer, and archival storage. The goal of Practice E2339, commonly referred to as DICONDE, is to provide a standard that facilitates the display and analysis of NDE test results on any system conforming to the DICONDE standard. Toward that end, Practice E2339 provides a data dictionary and set of information modules that are applicable to all NDE modalities. This practice supplements Practice E2339 by providing information object definitions, information modules, and data dictionary that are specific to ultrasonic test methods.  
1.2 This practice has been developed to overcome the issues that arise when analyzing or archiving data from ultrasonic test equipment using proprietary data transfer and storage methods. As digital technologies evolve, data must remain decipherable through the use of open, industry-wide methods for data transfer and archival storage. This practice defines a method where all the ultrasonic technique parameters and test results are communicated and stored in a standard format regardless of changes in digital technology.  
1.3 This practice does not specify:  
1.3.1 A testing or validation procedure to assess an implementation's conformance to the standard.  
1.3.2 The implementation details of any features of the standard on a device claiming conformance.  
1.3.3 The overall set of features and functions to be expected from a system implemented by integrating a group of devices each claiming DICONDE conformance.  
1.4 Although this practice contains no values that require units, it does describe methods to store and communicate data that do require units to be properly interpreted. The SI units required by this practice are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2934-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE) for Eddy Current (EC) Test Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Personnel that are responsible for the creation, transfer, and storage of eddy current NDE test results will use this standard. This practice defines a set of information modules that, along with Practice E2339 and the DICOM standard, provide a standard means to organize eddy current test parameters and results. The eddy current examination results may be displayed or analyzed on any device that conforms to the standard. Personnel wishing to view any eddy current examination data stored according to Practice E2339 may use this document to help them decode and display the data contained in the DICONDE compliant inspection record.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the interoperability of eddy current imaging and data acquisition equipment by specifying the image data transfer and archival storage in commonly accepted terms. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with Practice E2339 on Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE). Practice E2339 defines an industrial adaptation of NEMA PS3 / ISO 12052, an international standard for image data acquisition, review, storage, and archival storage. The goal of Practice E2339, commonly referred to as DICONDE, is to provide a standard that facilitates the display and analysis of NDE results on any system conforming to the DICONDE standard. Toward that end, Practice E2339 provides a data dictionary and a set of information modules that are applicable to all NDE modalities. This practice supplements Practice E2339 by providing information object definitions, information modules, and a data dictionary that are specific to eddy current test methods.  
1.2 This practice has been developed to overcome the issues that arise when analyzing or archiving data from eddy current test equipment using proprietary data transfer and storage methods. As digital technologies evolve, data must remain decipherable through the use of open, industry-wide methods for data transfer and archival storage. This practice defines a method where all the eddy current technique parameters and inspection data are communicated and stored in a standard manner regardless of changes in digital technology.  
1.3 This practice does not specify:  
1.3.1 A testing or validation procedure to assess an implementation's conformance to the standard,  
1.3.2 The implementation details of any features of the standard on a device claiming conformance, or  
1.3.3 The overall set of features and functions to be expected from a system implemented by integrating a group of devices each claiming DICONDE conformance.  
1.4 Units—Although this practice contains no values that require units, it does describe methods to store and communicate data that do require units to be properly interpreted. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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