ASTM B243-02b

Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology includes definitions of terms that are useful to the powder metallurgy industry. These definitions are helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metallurgy terms.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Nov-2002
• ICS: 01.040.77 - Metallurgy (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 77.160 - Powder metallurgy
• Technical Committee: B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
• Drafting Committee: B09.01 - Nomenclature and Technical Data

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM B243-02a - Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM B243-03 - Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C757-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Nuclear-Grade Plutonium Dioxide Powder for Light Water Reactors
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B214-22 - Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B215-20 - Standard Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F3592-23 - Standard Guide for Additive Manufacturing of Metals – Powder Bed Fusion – Guidelines for Feedstock Re-use and Sampling Strategies
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B931-23 - Standard Test Method for Metallographically Estimating the Observed Case Depth of Ferrous Powder Metallurgy (PM) Parts
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B439-21 - Standard Specification for Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B923-22 - Standard Test Method for Metal Powder Skeletal Density by Helium or Nitrogen Pycnometry
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F2989-21 - Standard Specification for Metal Injection Molded Unalloyed Titanium Components for Surgical Implant Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B930-03(2021) - Standard Test Method for Rating Grain Size and Frequency of Abnormally Large Grains in Cemented Tungsten Carbides (Hardmetals)
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B886-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Magnetic Saturation (Ms) of Cemented Carbides
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B964-23 - Standard Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F3571-22 - Standard Guide for Additive Manufacturing – Feedstock – Particle Shape Image Analysis by Optical Photography to Identify and Quantify the Agglomerates/Satellites in Metal Powder Feedstock
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B988-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Powder Metallurgy (PM) Titanium and Titanium Alloy Structural Components
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: B 243 – 02b
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Sintering:
3.1 Process for Sintering, 3.3.1
1.1 This terminology includes definitions of terms that are
3.2 Conditions During Sintering, 3.3.2
useful to the powder metallurgy industry. These definitions are
3.3 Phenomena Resulting from Sintering, 3.3.3
helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metal-
3.4 Properties of Sintered Parts, 3.3.4
lurgy terms.
3.5 Procedure to Evaluate Sintered Parts, 3.3.5
2. Referenced Documents 3.6 Removal of Binders, 3.3.6
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Postsinter Treatments:
B 331 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in
2
4.1 Processes, 3.4.1
Uniaxial Compaction
3. Terminology
5. Miscellaneous:
5.1 Definitions, 3.5.1
3.1 Powder—Terms associated with production, character-
5.2 Processes, 3.5.2
ization, use, and testing of metal powders.
5.3 Materials, 3.5.3
3.1.1 Table of Contents
3.1.2 General:
1. Powders:
1001 agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
1.0 General, 3.1.2
1002 particulate matter, n—see powder.
1.1 Processes to Produce Powder, 3.1.3
1003 P/M, n—the acronym representing powder metallurgy.
1.2 Types of Powder, 3.1.4
Used as P/M Part, P/M Product, P/M Process, and so forth.
1.3 Shapes of Powder Particles, 3.1.5
1004 powder metallurgy, n—the production and utilization
1.4 Additives to Powder, 3.1.6
of metal powders.
1.5 Treatment of Powder, 3.1.7
1005 powder, n—particles that are usually less than 1000
1.6 Properties of Powder, 3.1.8
μm (1 mm) in size.
1.7 Procedures to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.9
1006 metal powder, n—particles of elemental metals or
1.8 Equipment to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.10
alloys, normally less than 1000 μm (1 mm) in size.
2. Forming:
3.1.3 Processes to Produce Powder:
2.0 General, 3.2.1
1101 atomization, n—the dispersion of a molten metal into
2.1 Processes for Compacting, 3.2.2
particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by
2.2 Conditions of Compacting, 3.2.3
mechanical means.
2.3 Tools Used for Compacting, 3.2.4
1102 granulation, n—the production of coarse metal par-
2.4 Phenomena Resulting from Compaction, 3.2.5
ticles by pouring the molten metal through a screen into water
2.5 Properties of Compacts, 3.2.6
(shotting) or by violent agitation of the molten metal while
2.6 Forging, 3.2.7
solidifying.
2.7 Metal Injection Molding, 3.2.8
1103 classification, n—separation of a powder into fractions
according to particle size.
1104 air classification, n—the separation of powder into
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
particle size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
velocity.
mittee B09.01on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as B 243 – 02a.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 243 – 02b
1105 gas classification, n—the separation of powder into 1213 spongy, n—a porous condition in metal powder
particle size fractions by means of a gas stream of controlled particles usually observed in reduced oxides.
velocity.
1214 sponge iron, n—a coherent, porous mass of substan-
1106 chemical deposition, n—the precipitation of one metal
tially pure iron produced by solid-state reduction of iron oxide
from a solution of its salts by the addition of another metal or
(for example, iron ore or mill scale).
reagent to the solution.
1215 sponge iron powder, n—ground and sized sponge
1107 chemically precipitated metal powder, n—powder
iron, which may have been purified or annealed or both.
produced by the reduction of a metal from a solution of its salts
1216 mixed powder, n—a powder made by mixing two or
either by the addition of another metal higher in the electro-
more powders as uniformly as possible. The constituent
motive series or by other reducing agent.
powders will differ in chemical composition or in particle size
1108 reduced metal powder, n—metal powder produced,
or shape, or a combination thereof.
without melting, by the chemical
...