ASTM D8007-15(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wale and Course Count of Weft Knitted Fabrics
Standard Test Method for Wale and Course Count of Weft Knitted Fabrics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure that the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible and drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained. The test specimens are to be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the participating laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data to a probability level chosen before initiation of the testing. If a bias is found, either its cause shall be found and corrected, or future test results for that material shall be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 The results obtained by this test method may be used to determine if fabrics meet the tolerances for fabric counts given in Specification D3887.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of wale and course counts of weft knitted fabrics. Weft knit fabrics are made on circular or flat-bed knitting machines and include single- as well as double-knit fabric categories. Typical examples of single-knits include jersey and single-pique fabrics; typical double-knits are rib, interlock, and swiss pique fabrics.
1.2 This test method is not applicable to warp knit fabrics such as tricot or raschel.
1.3 Wale and course counts are to be reported separately.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8007 − 15 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Wale and Course Count of Weft Knitted Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of wale and
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
course counts of weft knitted fabrics. Weft knit fabrics are
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
made on circular or flat-bed knitting machines and include
single- as well as double-knit fabric categories. Typical ex-
3. Terminology
amples of single-knits include jersey and single-pique fabrics;
3.1 For terminology related to fabrics, see Terminology
typical double-knits are rib, interlock, and swiss pique fabrics.
D4850.
1.2 This test method is not applicable to warp knit fabrics
3.2 The following terms are relevant to this test method:
such as tricot or raschel.
count-in knitted fabrics, courses-in knitted fabrics, knitted
1.3 Wale and course counts are to be reported separately.
fabric, and wales-in knitted fabrics.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
asthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesaremathemati-
method, refer to Terminology D123.
cal conversions to SI units that are provided for information
4. Summary of Test Method
only and are not considered standard.
4.1 Thenumberofwalesandthenumberofcoursesperunit
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
distance of a knitted fabric are counted using a suitable ruler,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
magnifyingdevice,ordigitalcamerasystem.Foranillustration
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of a simple knitted fabric wale and course orientation, see Fig.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
5. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.1 If there are differences of practical significance between
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
reported test results for two laboratories (or more), compara-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tive tests should be performed to determine if there is a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
statistical bias between them using competent statistical assis-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tance. As a minimum, ensure that the test samples to be used
are as homogeneous as possible and drawn from the material
2. Referenced Documents
from which the disparate test results were obtained. The test
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specimens are to be randomly assigned in equal numbers to
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
each laboratory for testing. The test results from the partici-
D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
pating laboratories should be compared using a statistical test
D3887 Specification for Tolerance for Knitted Fabrics
for unpaired data to a probability level chosen before initiation
(Withdrawn 2017)
of the testing. If a bias is found, either its cause shall be found
D4850Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
and corrected, or future test results for that material shall be
Methods
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 The results obtained by this test method may be used to
determineiffabricsmeetthetolerancesforfabriccountsgiven
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
in Specification D3887.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
Specific.
6. Apparatus
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2019.PublishedJuly2019.Originallyapproved
ɛ1
in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D8007-15 . DOI: 10.1520/
6.1 Use any suitable device, such as a pick glass, ruler,
D8007-15R19.
microscope, or digital camera system that will allow counting
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. by unit distance.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D8007 − 15 (2019)
FIG. 1 Wale and Course Orientation in Single Knitted Fabric
Courtesy of Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC, Circular Knitting Science Intermediate Workshop Notebook and The Art of Knitting: An Interactive Guide to the Basics of
Knitting educational CD, www.cottoninc.com.
6.2 The use of a stylus, pointer, or pick needle is recom- laboratory sample then at different locations along the length
mended when using a pick glass, ruler, or if the microscope and across the width of the laboratory sample.
does not have a micrometer.
7.2 For garments or textile items that represent a laboratory
sample,waleandcoursecountsshouldbemadeatlocationson
7. Sampling
differentpanelsofthegarmentsorproductsatleast2in.(5cm)
7.1 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
away from seams, pockets, plackets, or other assembly sites.
at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in an
applicable material specification or other agreement between 8. Conditioning
thepurchaserandthesupplier.Considerrollsoffabrictobethe
8.1 Condition specimens as directed in Practice D1776.
primary sampling unit.
Testing may be performed without conditioning. However, in
7.1.1 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample, take a
casesofdispute,specimensshallbeconditionedbeforetesting.
full width swatch at least 2 yd (2 m) long from each roll of
8.2 If testing is performed in conditions not specified in
fabric in the lot sample.
Practice D1776, report the prevailing conditions at the time of
7.1.2 Wale and course counts should be made no closer to a
testing. Such results may not correspond with the results
fabricselvageortubularedgethanonetenthofthewidthofthe
obtained when testing in the standard atmosphere for testing
fabric or within 0.5 yd (0.5 m) of the end of the roll or piece.
textiles.
7.1.3 Wale and course counts may be made on either the
faceorthebacksideofthefabricsample.Selectthefabricside
9. Procedure
that allows for the best visual observation of the wales and
courses. 9.1 For counting wales, position a ruler or counting device
7.1.4 It is not necessary to cut out swatches from the along the width direction of the fabric. Using a stylus or the
laboratory sample for each wale and course count to be taken. pointer of a counting device, place the starting point between
Consider each designated place at which wale and course twowalesalongasinglecourserow.Movethestylusorpointer
counts are made as a test specimen. It is recommended that a along the width direction, counting the number of wales until
wale and a course count be taken at the same site on the a 1-in. (2.5cm) distance is reached. Record the count.
D8007 − 15 (2019)
9.1.1 Repeat 9.1 in two additional locations. where:
9.1.2 For counting wales on a rib knitted fabric, only the
36 = Average wale count per inch, wpi, and
visiblewalesarecountedandrecordedforthesideofthefabric
48 = Average course count, cpi.
chosen for counting.
NOTE 1—A designation of1×1,2×2,or3×3is used to describe a
NOTE 2—Knitted fabric manufacturers may use the reverse order, that
balanced rib knit fabric, that is, one in which the same number of wales
is, courses × wales, when denoting knitted fabric counts.The fabric count
per unit length are visible on each side of the fabric.
ofbalancedribknit
...
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