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ASTM E477-20

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurements of Acoustical and Airflow Performance of Duct Liner Materials and Prefabricated Silencers

Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurements of Acoustical and Airflow Performance of Duct Liner Materials and Prefabricated Silencers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Specimens tested using this standard, for example, duct silencers, are used to control sound propagation through ventilation ducts. The results gathered from testing specimens to this standard can be used to estimate the reduction in fan sound levels in ducted airflow systems caused by including a sound attenuating device in the system. The device can be a component in a source-path-receiver analysis where calculations are performed to determine the resultant sound level in an occupied space. Correct selection of a sound attenuating device can enable a designer to achieve in-space background noise criteria.  
5.2 The insertion loss of a silencer varies with frequency and with the direction and speed of airflow. Because silencers partially obstruct the air path and provide resistance to airflow, two other effects must be quantified: pressure drop and airflow-generated noise. Both increase with increasing air speeds; thus data are required for several airflows to correctly characterize performance.  
5.3 The aerodynamic results from testing specimens to the standard can be used as information for the system design engineer to determine the amount of static pressure drop resistance to be overcome by the system fan(s). Guidelines for appropriate maximum allowable pressure drop for a sound attenuating element have been established in the design community and are based on the procedures described herein.  
5.4 As stated previously in 1.4 of this test method, the actual performance of a sound attenuating device as installed in an air duct system may be significantly different than reported based on the test procedure herein. This standard does not provide guidance to the user on these system effects.  
5.5 Silencers are often designed to be used under conditions which do not duplicate the test set-ups of this standard. Mock-ups and specialized test set-ups to determine performance of sound attenuating devices in non-standard configurations may be based on this test...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory testing of some of the acoustical properties of sound attenuating devices including duct liner materials, integral ducts, and in-duct absorptive straight and elbow silencers used in the ventilation systems of buildings. Procedures are described for the measurement of acoustical insertion loss, airflow generated noise, and pressure drop as a function of airflow.  
1.2 Excluded from the scope are reactive mufflers and those designed for uses other than in ventilation systems, such as automobile mufflers.  
1.3 This test method includes a provision for a simulated semi-reflective plenum to fit around thin-walled duct and silencer test specimens, since the acoustical environments around such thin-walled specimens can affect the measured insertion loss.  
1.4 This method tests the performance of the specimen in well-defined and controlled conditions. If the specimen is installed in the field in any different manner, the results may be different. This standard does not provide estimating procedures for determining the actual installed performance of the specimen under field conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2020
ICS
91.120.20 - Acoustics in building. Sound insulation
Technical Committee
E33 - Building and Environmental Acoustics
Drafting Committee
E33.08 - Mechanical and Electrical System Noise
Current Stage
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ASTM E477-20 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurements of Acoustical and Airflow Performance of Duct Liner Materials and Prefabricated SilencersASTM E477-20 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurements of Acoustical and Airflow Performance of Duct Liner Materials and Prefabricated Silencers
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E477 −20
Standard Test Method for
Laboratory Measurements of Acoustical and Airflow
Performance of Duct Liner Materials and Prefabricated
1
Silencers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E477; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory testing of some
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
of the acoustical properties of sound attenuating devices
including duct liner materials, integral ducts, and in-duct
2. Referenced Documents
absorptive straight and elbow silencers used in the ventilation
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
systems of buildings. Procedures are described for the mea-
C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental
surement of acoustical insertion loss, airflow generated noise,
Acoustics
and pressure drop as a function of airflow.
3
2.2 ANSI Standards:
1.2 Excluded from the scope are reactive mufflers and those
S1.1-2013 Acoustical Terminology
designed for uses other than in ventilation systems, such as
S1.11-2014/Part 1/IEC 61260:1-2014 Electroacoustics –
automobile mufflers.
Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Filters – Part 1:
1.3 This test method includes a provision for a simulated
Specifications
semi-reflective plenum to fit around thin-walled duct and
S12.5-2016/ISO 6926-2016 Requirements for the Perfor-
silencer test specimens, since the acoustical environments
mance and Calibration of Reference Sound Sources Used
around such thin-walled specimens can affect the measured
for the Determination of Sound Power Levels
insertion loss.
S12.51-2012/ISO 3741:2010 (R2017) Acoustics-Determina-
tion of Sound Power Levels of Noise Sources Using
1.4 This method tests the performance of the specimen in
Sound Pressure-Precision Method for Reverberation
well-defined and controlled conditions. If the specimen is
Rooms
installed in the field in any different manner, the results may be
4
2.3 ASHRAE Documents and Standards:
different.This standard does not provide estimating procedures
2017 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals, Chapter 37, Mea-
for determining the actual installed performance of the speci-
surement and Instruments
men under field conditions.
ANSI/ASHRAE 41.2-2018 Standard Methods forAirVeloc-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ity and Airflow Measurement
standard. The values in parentheses are provided for informa-
ANSI/ASHRAE 41.3-2014 Standard Method for Pressure
tion only.
Measurement
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5
2.4 IEC Standards:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
61672-1:2013 Electroacoustics – Sound Level Meters – Part
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1: Specifications
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
1 4
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE33onBuilding Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA
E33.08 on Mechanical and Electrical System Noise. 30329, http://www.ashrae.org.
5
Current edition approved July 1, 2020. Published October 2020. Originally Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue de
ε1
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E477 – 13 . DOI: Varembé, 1st floor, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, https://
10.1520/E0477-20. www.iec.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E477 − 20
6
2.5 NAIMA Documents and Stan
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E477 − 13 E477 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Laboratory Measurements of Acoustical and Airflow
Performance of Duct Liner Materials and Prefabricated
1
Silencers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E477; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Equations 9 and 10 were editorially corrected in September 2015.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory testing of some of the acoustical properties of sound attenuating devices including duct
liner materials, integral ducts, and in-duct absorptive straight and elbow silencers used in the ventilation systems of buildings.
Procedures are described for the measurement of acoustical insertion loss, airflow generated noise, and pressure drop as a function
of airflow.
1.2 Excluded from the scope are reactive mufflers and those designed for uses other than in ventilation systems, such as
automobile mufflers.
1.3 This test method includes a provision for a simulated semi-reflective plenum to fit around thin-walled duct and silencer test
specimens, since the acoustical environments around such thin-walled specimens can affect the measured insertion loss.
1.4 This method tests the performance of the specimen in well-defined and controlled conditions. If the specimen is installed in
the field in any different manner, the results may be different. This standard does not provide estimating procedures for determining
the actual installed performance of the specimen under field conditions.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on Building and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.08
on Mechanical and Electrical System Noise.
Current edition approved June 1, 2013July 1, 2020. Published August 2013October 2020. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 20062013 as
ε1
E477 – 06a.E477 – 13 . DOI: 10.1520/E0477-13E0110.1520/E0477-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E477 − 20
C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
3
2.2 ANSI Standards:
S1.1–1994(R2004)S1.1-2013 Acoustical Terminology
S1.11–2004(R2009)S1.11-2014/Part 1/IEC 61260:1-2014 Specification Octave, Half-Octave and Third-Octave Band Filter
SetsElectroacoustics – Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Filters – Part 1: Specifications
S1.43-1997(R2007) Specifications for Integrating-Averaging Sound Level Meters
S12.5-2006/ISO 6926:1999(R2011)S12.5-2016/ISO 6926-2016 Requirements for the Performance and Calibration of Reference
Sound Sources Used for the Determination of Sound Power Levels
S12.51–2012/ISOS12.51-2012/ISO 3741:2010 (R2017) Acoustics-Determination of Sound Power Levels of Noise Sources
Using Sound Pressure-Precision Method for Reverberation Rooms
4
2.3 ASHRAE Documents and Standards:
20092017 ASHRAE Handbook,Handbook Fundamentals,Chapter 36, Fundamentals, Chapter 37, Measurement and Instruments
ANSI/ASHRAE 41.2-2018 Standard Methods for Air Velocity and Airflow Measurement
ANSI/ASHRAE 41.3-198941.3-2014 Standard Method for Pressure Measurement (plus errata dated 5 January 1998)
5
2.4 IEC Standards:
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of airflow resistance and the related measurements of specific airflow resistance and airflow resistivity of porous materials that can be used for the absorption and attenuation of sound. Materials cover a range from thick boards or blankets to thin mats, fabrics, papers, and screens. When the material is anisotropic, provision is made for measurements along different axes of the specimen.  
1.2 This test method is designed for the measurement of values of specific airflow resistance ranging from 100 to 10 000 mks rayls (Pa·s/m) with linear airflow velocities ranging from 0.5 mm/s to 50 mm/s and pressure differences across the specimen ranging from 0.1 Pa to 250 Pa. The upper limit of this range of linear airflow velocities is a point at which the airflow through most porous materials is in partial or complete transition from laminar to turbulent flow.  
1.3 A procedure for accrediting a laboratory for the purposes of this test method is given in Annex A1.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Table 1 is provided for user to convert into cgs units.    
cgs acoustic ohm  
mks acoustic ohm (Pa·s/m3)  
105  
cgs rayl  
mks rayl (Pa·s/m)  
10    
cgs rayl/cm  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
103  
cgs rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
394  
mks rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
39.4  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E492-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The spectrum of the noise in the room below the test specimen is determined by the following:  
5.1.1 The size and the mechanical properties of the floor-ceiling assembly, such as its construction, surface, mounting or edge restraints, stiffness, or internal damping,  
5.1.2 The acoustical response of the room below,  
5.1.3 The placement of the object or device producing the impacts, and  
5.1.4 The nature of the actual impact itself.  
5.2 This test method is based on the use of a standardized tapping machine of the type specified in 8.1 placed in specific positions on the floor. This machine produces a continuous series of uniform impacts at a uniform rate on a test floor and generates in the receiving room broadband sound pressure levels that are sufficiently high to make measurements possible beneath most floor types even in the presence of background noise. The tapping machine itself, however, is not designed to simulate any one type of impact, such as produced by male or female footsteps.  
5.3 Because of its portable design, the tapping machine does not simulate the weight of a human walker. Therefore, the structural sounds, i.e., creaks or booms of a floor assembly caused by such footstep excitation is not reflected in the single number impact rating derived from test results obtained by this test method. The degree of correlation between the results of tapping machine tests in the laboratory and the subjective acceptance of floors under typical conditions of domestic impact excitation is uncertain. The correlation will depend on both the type of floor construction and the nature of the impact excitation in the building.  
5.4 In laboratories designed to satisfy the requirements of this test method, the intent is that only significant path for sound transmission between the rooms is through the test specimen. This is not generally the case in buildings where there are often many other paths for sounds— flanking sound transmission. Consequently so...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using a standardized tapping machine. It is assumed that the test specimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path into a receiving room located directly below and that a good approximation to a diffuse sound field exists in this room.  
1.2 Measurements may be conducted on floor-ceiling assemblies of all kinds, including those with floating-floor or suspended ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assemblies surfaced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-covering materials.  
1.3 This test method prescribes a uniform procedure for reporting laboratory test data, that is, the normalized one-third octave band sound pressure levels transmitted by the floor-ceiling assembly due to the tapping machine.  
1.4 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for accrediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given in Annex A2.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1042-22(Classification)
Standard Classification for Acoustically Absorptive Materials Applied by Trowel or Spray

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Acoustically absorptive materials are used for the control of reverberation and echoes in rooms. This standard provides a classification method for acoustically absorptive materials applied directly to surfaces by trowel or by spray.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers materials applied by trowel or spray to surfaces for the purpose of increasing their acoustical absorption.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1573-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement and Reporting of Masking Sound Levels Using A-Weighted and One-Third-Octave-Band Sound Pressure Levels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acoustical performance is dependent on many factors (see Guide E1374 for a discussion on general office acoustical considerations). One of these factors is the masking sound. The masking spectrum shape and level must conform within specified tolerances throughout the treated area. The measurement and recording of these parameters are addressed in this test method.  
5.2 The results from this test method are used to determine if the masking sound meets a particular specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies the procedure used to measure the masking sound in terms of A-weighted and one-third-octave-band sound pressure levels.  
1.2 The results of this test method can be used to determine if and where the masking sound meets (or does not meet) a particular specification.  
1.3 This test method does not evaluate the overall acoustical environment. It is intended only to measure and report the masking sound levels.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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