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ASTM D7745-11

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Testing Pultruded Composites

Standard Practice for Testing Pultruded Composites

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended to aid in the selection of test protocols for reinforced pultruded composites.
This practice is intended to define the locations from which test specimens shall be taken from the reinforced pultruded composite.
SCOPE
1.1 This protocol summarizes the applicable ASTM and other standard test methods commonly used for pultruded composites. The individual performance requirements to these test methods are defined by specific customer specifications.
1.2 This protocol also defines appropriate specimen locations for sampling from the pultruded composites.
1.3 This protocol does not discuss all possible standard test methods that may be utilized for pultruded composites.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this guide.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2011
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.18 - Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7745-19 - Standard Practice for Testing Pultruded Composites
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Referred By
ASTM D7792/D7792M-15 - Standard Practice for Freeze/Thaw Conditioning of Pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites Used in Structural Designs
Effective Date
01-Sep-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7992/D7992M-15 - Standard Practice for Elevated Temperature and Moisture Conditioning of Pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites Used in Structural Designs
Effective Date
01-Sep-2011

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ASTM D7745-11 - Standard Practice for Testing Pultruded Composites
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7745 − 11
Standard Practice for
1
Testing Pultruded Composites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7745; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D695Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
Plastics
1.1 This protocol summarizes the applicable ASTM and
D696TestMethodforCoefficientofLinearThermalExpan-
other standard test methods commonly used for pultruded
sion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous
composites. The individual performance requirements to these
Silica Dilatometer
test methods are defined by specific customer specifications.
D790Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
1.2 This protocol also defines appropriate specimen loca-
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
tions for sampling from the pultruded composites.
als
1.3 This protocol does not discuss all possible standard test
D792Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
methods that may be utilized for pultruded composites.
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the D953Test Method for Bearing Strength of Plastics
D2344/D2344MTest Method for Short-Beam Strength of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- PolymerMatrixCompositeMaterialsandTheirLaminates
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- D2583Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plas-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tics by Means of a Barcol Impressor
D2584Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this guide.
Resins
2. Referenced Documents
D3039/D3039MTest Method forTensile Properties of Poly-
2
mer Matrix Composite Materials
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3916Test Method for Tensile Properties of Pultruded
D149Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Rod
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
D3918Terminology Relating to Reinforced Plastic Pul-
at Commercial Power Frequencies
truded Products
D256Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum
D4065Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Proper-
Impact Resistance of Plastics
ties: Determination and Report of Procedures
D495Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, DryArc
D5379/D5379MTest Method for Shear Properties of Com-
Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn
3
posite Materials by the V-Notched Beam Method
2013)
D5420Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid
D570Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
D635Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Plastic Specimen by Means of a Striker Impacted by a
Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position Falling Weight (Gardner Impact)
D638Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics D6641/D6641MTest Method for Compressive Properties of
Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a Combined
1 Loading Compression (CLC) Test Fixture
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsand
D7136/D7136MTest Method for Measuring the Damage
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermosetting
Plastics.
Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Com-
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published September 2011.
posite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event
DOI:10.1520/D7745-11.
2
D7332/D7332MTest Method for Measuring the Fastener
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Pull-Through Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Matrix Composite
the ASTM website.
3 E84Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. Building Materials
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7745 − 11
G154Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) 5.4.1 The pultruded composite has two or more different
Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials thicknesses. A different set of specimens is required for each
thickness of the pultruded shape.
2.2 UL Standards:
UL94TestsforFlammabilityofPlasticMaterialsforPartsin 5.4.2 The pultruded composite inherently has different re-
4
inforcement arrangements in different areas of the part such as
Devices and App
...

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5.1 The void content of a composite may significantly affect some of its mechanical properties. Higher void contents usually mean lower fatigue resistance, greater susceptibility to water penetration and weathering, and increased variation or scatter in strength properties. The knowledge of void content is desirable for estimation of quality of composites.
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1.1 These test methods cover the void content of reinforced plastics or “composites.” The test methods are applicable to composites for which the effects of ignition on the materials are known. Most plastics, glass, and reinforcements fall into this class. These test methods are not applicable to composites for which the effects of ignition on the plastics, the reinforcement, and any fillers are unknown. This class may include silicone resins, which do not burn off completely, reinforcements consisting of metals, organic materials, or inorganic materials which may gain or lose weight, and fillers consisting of oxides, carbonates, etc., which may gain or lose weight. Note that separate weight loss tests of individual materials will usually, but not necessarily, give the same result as when all the materials are combined.  
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This classification system covers reinforced and filled poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) materials suitable for injection molding and extrusion. This classification system is not intended for the selection of materials, but only as a means to call out plastic materials to be used for the manufacture of parts. The physical properties of the materials must meet the required tensile strength, flexural modulus, Izod impact strength, flexural strength, and density.
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ASTM D3916-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Pultruded Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Rod

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The high axial-tensile strength and the low transverse-compressive strength of pultruded rod combine to present some unique problems in determining the tensile strength of this material with conventional test grips. The high transverse-compressive forces generated in the conventional method of gripping tend to crush the rod, thereby causing premature failure. In this test method, aluminum-alloy tabs contoured to the shape of the rod reduce the compressive forces imparted to the rod, thus overcoming the deleterious influence of conventional test grips.  
4.2 Tensile properties are influenced by specimen preparation, strain rate, thermal history, and environmental conditions at the time of testing. Consequently, where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the tensile properties of a pultruded, glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic rod of diameters ranging from 2.03 mm (0.08 in.) to 12.7 mm (0.5 in.). Test Method D7205/D7205M is an alternative test method to determine tensile properties of fiber-reinforced composite rods of diameters bigger than 12.7 mm (0.5 in.).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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ASTM D570-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method for rate of water absorption has two chief functions: first, as a guide to the proportion of water absorbed by a material and consequently, in those cases where the relationships between moisture and electrical or mechanical properties, dimensions, or appearance have been determined, as a guide to the effects of exposure to water or humid conditions on such properties; and second, as a control test on the uniformity of a product. This second function is particularly applicable to sheet, rod, and tube arms when the test is made on the finished product.  
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ASTM D3935-21(Specification)
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers unfilled and reinforced polycarbonate and polycarbonate copolymer materials suitable for injection molding, blow molding, and extrusion. Some of these compositions may also find use for compression molding or application from solution. Unfilled polycarbonate materials are classified into groups according to their composition. The groups are Group 01, Group 02, Group 03, Group 04, Group 05, and Group 06. These groups are subdivided into classes which are Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4 and these classes can be further be subdivided into grades which are Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, Grade 7 and Grade 0. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of polymer materials: Izod impact strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, and deflection temperature.
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ASTM D4475-21(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Apparent shear strength determined by this test method is useful for quality control and specification purposes. It is also applicable to research and development programs concerned with interlaminar-shear strength. The apparent shear strength obtained by this test method is not intended for design purposes, but allowed to be utilized for comparative testing of composite materials, if all failures are in horizontal shear.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent horizontal shear strength of fiber reinforced plastic rods. The specimen is a short beam in the form of lengths of pultruded rods. This test method is applicable to all types of parallel-fiber-reinforced plastic rod samples.  
1.2 This test method is primarily used for quality control and specification purposes (see 5.1).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
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ASTM D3841-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Plastic Panels

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This specification covers glass-fiber reinforced polyester plastic panels intended for use in construction. Light transmitting panels covered by this specification are divided into two types, based on relative response to a laboratory flammability test: Type CC1 for limited flammability and Type CC2 for general purpose. These types may be further subdivided by grades based on relative response to weathering tests: Grade 1 for weather resistance and Grade 2 for general purpose. The polyester resin used in the panels shall be a thermosetting styrenated and acrylated polyester resin composed of polymeric esters in which the recurring ester groups are an integral part of the main polymer chain. The resin shall be reinforced with glass fibers. The polyester resin may contain additives for various purposes. The materials shall be tested for water absorption, tensile strength, linear thermal expansion, and flexural strength.
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1.1 This specification covers the classification, materials of construction, workmanship, minimum physical requirements, and methods of testing glass-fiber reinforced polyester plastic panels intended for use in construction. Panels for specialized or unique applications have the potential to require values significantly above or below those stated in this specification. Recommended practices for certain specific applications are included as Appendix X1. This specification is not intended to restrict or limit technological changes affecting performance when those changes are agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.  
1.2 Supplementary information on chemical resistance, resistance to heat, and installation practices are provided in Appendix X1.  
1.3 The classification of these plastic panels into types based on relative response to a laboratory test shall not be considered a fire hazard classification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in Tables and Figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.6 Fire properties are determined by using laboratory flammability tests (Test Methods D635, D1929, and E84).  
1.6.1 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6.2 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8 of this specification. This specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this specification to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3982-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Contact Molded “Fiberglass” (Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Ducts

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material and design requirements, and fabrication of ducts and hoods made of "fiberglass" (glass fiber reinforced thermosetting resin) consisting of a polyester, vinyl ester, or other qualified resin-matrix systems with fiber reinforcement manufactured by contact molding, intended for use in handling corrosive fumes and process gases. Special attention is given to equipment that operates at specified temperatures with regard to strength and corrosion resistance. This specification does not address the selection of resins and reinforcements for specific chemical environments.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ducts fabricated by contact molding intended for use in handling corrosive fumes and process gases. Special attention is given to equipment that operates at temperatures over 180°F (82.2°C) with regard to strength and corrosion resistance.  
1.2 The material of construction shall be “fiberglass” consisting of a polyester, vinyl ester, or other qualified resin-matrix systems with fiber reinforcement in accordance with Specification C582.  
1.3 This specification is not intended to cover selection of resins and reinforcements for specific chemical environments.  
1.4 This specification covers ducts up to a design pressure of ±5 psig (34.5 Pa).  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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ASTM C581-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance of Thermosetting Resins Used in Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Structures Intended for Liquid Service

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The results obtained by this practice shall serve as a guide in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of a thermosetting resin used in an RTP structure. No attempt has been made to incorporate into the practice all the various factors that will potentially affect the serviceability of an RTP structure when subjected to chemical environments. These factors will potentially include stress, different resin-to-glass ratios, and multiple veils.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is designed to evaluate, in an unstressed state, the chemical resistance of thermosetting resins used in the fabrication of reinforced thermosetting plastic (RTP) laminates. This practice provides for the determination of changes in the properties, described as follows, of the test specimens and test reagent after exposure of the specimens to the reagent: hardness of specimens, weight change thickness, appearance of specimens, appearance of immersion media, and flexural strength and modulus.  
1.1.1 This practice is also useful to evaluate other factors, such as surfacing veils and the effect of resin additives, on the chemical resistance of the resin.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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