ASTM A941-10a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of terms related to steel, stainless steel, related alloys, and ferroalloys.
1.2 When a term is used in an ASTM document for which Committee A01 is responsible, it is included herein only when judged, after review by Subcommittee A01.92, to be a generally usable term.
1.3 Some definitions include a discussion section, which is a mandatory part of the definition and contains additional information that is relevant to the meaning of the defined term.
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular standard will appear in that standard and will supersede any definitions of identical terms in this standard.
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Designation: A941 − 10a
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
DISCUSSION—Thechangeinpropertiesisoften,butnotalways,dueto
1. Scope*
precipitation hardening, but never involves a change in the chemical
1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of terms
composition of the steel .
related to steel, stainless steel, related alloys, and ferroalloys.
alloy steel, n—a steel, other than a stainless steel, that
1.2 When a term is used in an ASTM document for which
conforms to a specification that requires one or more of the
CommitteeA01 is responsible, it is included herein only when
following elements, by mass percent, to have a minimum
judged, after review by Subcommittee A01.92, to be a gener-
content equal to or greater than: 0.30 for aluminum; 0.0008
ally usable term.
for boron; 0.30 for chromium; 0.30 for cobalt; 0.40 for
1.3 Some definitions include a discussion section, which is
copper; 0.40 for lead; 1.65 for manganese; 0.08 for molyb-
a mandatory part of the definition and contains additional
denum; 0.30 for nickel; 0.06 for niobium (columbium); 0.60
information that is relevant to the meaning of the defined term.
for silicon; 0.05 for titanium; 0.30 for tungsten (wolfram);
0.10 for vanadium; 0.05 for zirconium; or 0.10 for any other
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular standard will
alloying element, except sulphur, phosphorus, carbon, and
appear in that standard and will supersede any definitions of
nitrogen.
identical terms in this standard.
annealing, n—a generic term covering any of several heat
2. Referenced Documents
treatments.
2
DISCUSSION—This treatment is used for purposes such as reducing
2.1 ASTM Standards:
hardness, improving machinability, facilitating cold working, produc-
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
ing a desired microstructure, or obtaining desired mechanical, physical,
or other properties. Where applicable, it is preferred that the following
3. Terminology
more specific terms be used: box annealing, bright annealing, flame
annealing, full annealing, graphitization annealing, intermediate
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
annealing, isothermal annealing, process annealing, recrystalliza-
Ac , Ac , Ac , Ac —See transformation temperature.
cm 1 3 4
tion annealing,spheroidizing, and subcritical annealing. The term
Ae , Ae , Ae , Ae —See transformation temperature. “annealing,” without qualification, implies full annealing. Any pro-
cm 1 3 4
cess of annealing will usually reduce stresses; however, if the
age hardening, n—hardening by aging, usually after rapid
treatmentisappliedforthesolepurposeofstressreduction,itshouldbe
cooling or cold working.
designated stress relieving.
Ar , Ar , Ar , Ar —See transformation temperature.
age hardening, n—see precipitation hardening.
cm 1 3 4
aging, n—a change in the properties of certain steels that artificial aging, n—aging above room temperature.
occurs at ambient or moderately elevated temperatures after
atmospheric corrosion resistance, n—the ability to resist
hot working or a heat treatment (quench aging, natural
degradation or alteration of material through chemical reac-
aging, or artificial aging) or after a cold-working operation
tion with the surrounding atmosphere.
(strain aging).
DISCUSSION—This term generally pertains to carbon steel, low alloy
steel, or micro-alloyed steel.
austempering, n—heat treatment involving quenching a
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
steel object from a temperature above the transformation
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.92 on Terminology. range in a medium maintained at a temperature above the
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2010.PublishedJuly2010.Originallyapproved
martensite range sufficiently fast to avoid the formation of
in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A941–10. DOI: 10.1520/A0941-
high temperature transformation products, and then holding
10a.
2
it at that temperature until transformation is complete.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
austenitizing, n—forming austenite by heating a steel object
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. above the transformation range.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of thi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A941–10 Designation: A941 – 10a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of terms related to steel, stainless steel, related alloys, and ferroalloys.
1.2 WhenatermisusedinanASTMdocumentforwhichCommitteeA01isresponsible,itisincludedhereinonlywhenjudged,
after review by Subcommittee A01.92, to be a generally usable term.
1.3 Some definitions include a discussion section, which is a mandatory part of the definition and contains additional
information that is relevant to the meaning of the defined term.
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular standard will appear in that standard and will supersede any definitions of
identical terms in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Ac ,Ac ,Ac ,Ac —See transformation temperature.
cm 1 3 4
Ae , Ae , Ae , Ae —See transformation temperature.
cm 1 3 4
age hardening, n—hardening by aging, usually after rapid cooling or cold working.
age hardening, n—see precipitation hardening.
aging, n—a change in the properties of certain steels that occurs at ambient or moderately elevated temperatures after hot working
or a heat treatment (quench aging, natural aging, or artificial aging) or after a cold-working operation (strain aging).
DISCUSSION—The change in properties is often, but not always, due to precipitation hardening, but never involves a change in the chemical
composition of the steel .
alloy steel, n—a steel, other than a stainless steel, that conforms to a specification that requires one or more of the following
elements, by mass percent, to have a minimum content equal to or greater than: 0.30 for aluminum; 0.0008 for boron; 0.30 for
chromium; 0.30 for cobalt; 0.40 for copper; 0.40 for lead; 1.65 for manganese; 0.08 for molybdenum; 0.30 for nickel; 0.06 for
niobium (columbium); 0.60 for silicon; 0.05 for titanium; 0.30 for tungsten (wolfram); 0.10 for vanadium; 0.05 for zirconium;
or 0.10 for any other alloying element, except sulphur, phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen.
annealing, n—a generic term covering any of several heat treatments.
DISCUSSION—This treatment is used for purposes such as reducing hardness, improving machinability, facilitating cold working, producing a desired
microstructure, or obtaining desired mechanical, physical, or other properties. Where applicable, it is preferred that the following more specific terms
be used: box annealing, bright annealing, flame annealing, full annealing, graphitization annealing, intermediate annealing, isothermal
annealing, process annealing, recrystallization annealing, spheroidizing, and subcritical annealing. The term “annealing,” without qualification,
implies full annealing. Any process of annealing will usually reduce stresses; however, if the treatment is applied for the sole purpose of stress
reduction, it should be designated stress relieving.
Ar , Ar , Ar , Ar —See transformation temperature.
cm 1 3 4
artificial aging, n—aging above room temperature.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.92
on Terminology.
Current edition approved April 15,June 1, 2010. Published MayJuly 2010. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 as
A941–09a.A941–10. DOI: 10.1520/A0941-10a.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A941 – 10a
atmospheric corrosion resistance, n—the ability to resist degradation or alteration of material through chemical reaction with the
surrounding atmosphere.
DISCUSSION—This ter
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A941–10 Designation: A941 – 10a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of terms related to steel, stainless steel, related alloys, and ferroalloys.
1.2 WhenatermisusedinanASTMdocumentforwhichCommitteeA01isresponsible,itisincludedhereinonlywhenjudged,
after review by Subcommittee A01.92, to be a generally usable term.
1.3 Some definitions include a discussion section, which is a mandatory part of the definition and contains additional
information that is relevant to the meaning of the defined term.
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular standard will appear in that standard and will supersede any definitions of
identical terms in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Ac ,Ac ,Ac ,Ac —See transformation temperature.
cm 1 3 4
Ae , Ae , Ae , Ae —See transformation temperature.
cm 1 3 4
age hardening, n—hardening by aging, usually after rapid cooling or cold working.
age hardening, n—see precipitation hardening.
aging, n—a change in the properties of certain steels that occurs at ambient or moderately elevated temperatures after hot working
or a heat treatment (quench aging, natural aging, or artificial aging) or after a cold-working operation (strain aging).
DISCUSSION—The change in properties is often, but not always, due to precipitation hardening, but never involves a change in the chemical
composition of the steel .
alloy steel, n—a steel, other than a stainless steel, that conforms to a specification that requires one or more of the following
elements, by mass percent, to have a minimum content equal to or greater than: 0.30 for aluminum; 0.0008 for boron; 0.30 for
chromium; 0.30 for cobalt; 0.40 for copper; 0.40 for lead; 1.65 for manganese; 0.08 for molybdenum; 0.30 for nickel; 0.06 for
niobium (columbium); 0.60 for silicon; 0.05 for titanium; 0.30 for tungsten (wolfram); 0.10 for vanadium; 0.05 for zirconium;
or 0.10 for any other alloying element, except sulphur, phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen.
annealing, n—a generic term covering any of several heat treatments.
DISCUSSION—This treatment is used for purposes such as reducing hardness, improving machinability, facilitating cold working, producing a desired
microstructure, or obtaining desired mechanical, physical, or other properties. Where applicable, it is preferred that the following more specific terms
be used: box annealing, bright annealing, flame annealing, full annealing, graphitization annealing, intermediate annealing, isothermal
annealing, process annealing, recrystallization annealing, spheroidizing, and subcritical annealing. The term “annealing,” without qualification,
implies full annealing. Any process of annealing will usually reduce stresses; however, if the treatment is applied for the sole purpose of stress
reduction, it should be designated stress relieving.
Ar , Ar , Ar , Ar —See transformation temperature.
cm 1 3 4
artificial aging, n—aging above room temperature.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.92
on Terminology.
Current edition approved April 15,June 1, 2010. Published MayJuly 2010. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 as
A941–09a.A941–10. DOI: 10.1520/A0941-10a.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A941 – 10a
atmospheric corrosion resistance, n—the ability to resist degradation or alteration of material through chemical reaction with the
surrounding atmosphere.
DISCUSSION—This ter
...
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