ASTM C421-05

Standard Test Method for Tumbling Friability of Preformed Block-Type Thermal Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Several test methods for measuring mass loss by abrasion and impact of preformed block-type thermal insulation have been used to some extent in the past. It is believed that no single test method completely covers all factors involving such forces for different kinds of materials, but this test method is intended to provide a procedure that gives reproducible results. It is used for comparing the mass loss by tumbling before and after a specific treatment of the insulation, as agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the mass loss of preformed block-type thermal insulation as a result of a combination of abrasion and impact produced by a laboratory tumbling mechanism.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2005
• ICS: 27.220 - Heat recovery. Thermal insulation
• Technical Committee: C16 - Thermal Insulation
• Drafting Committee: C16.32 - Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C421-00 - Standard Test Method for Tumbling Friability of Preformed Block-Type Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM C421-08 - Standard Test Method for Tumbling Friability of Preformed Block-Type and Preformed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C533-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Calcium Silicate Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C1594-23 - Standard Specification for Polyimide Rigid Cellular Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C610-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Molded Expanded Perlite Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C447-15(2022) - Standard Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Temperature of Thermal Insulations
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C1482-23 - Standard Specification for Polyimide Flexible Cellular Thermal and Sound Absorbing Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2005
• Referred By: ASTM F1015-21 - Standard Test Method for Relative Abrasiveness of Synthetic Turf Playing Surfaces
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C421–05
Standard Test Method for
Tumbling Friability of Preformed Block-Type Thermal
1
Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 421; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope It is used for comparing the mass loss by tumbling before and
after a specific treatment of the insulation, as agreed upon by
1.1 This test method covers determination of the mass loss
the purchaser and the manufacturer.
of preformed block-type thermal insulation as a result of a
combination of abrasion and impact produced by a laboratory
5. Apparatus
tumbling mechanism.
5.1 Box—Acubical box of oak wood, having inside dimen-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
1 3 3
sions of 7 ⁄2 by 7 ⁄4 by 7 ⁄4 in. (190 by 197 by 197 mm),
as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for
3 3
mounted rigidly at the center of one 7 ⁄4 by 7 ⁄4 in. (197 by 197
information only.
mm) end, so that the axis normal to a face of the box is that of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a rotatable horizontal shaft. One side of the box shall be hinged
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
as a door and shall be gasketed to be dust-tight. The box shaft
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
shall be motor driven at a constant speed of 60 6 2 r/min.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3 1
5.2 Cubes—Twenty-four room-dry, solid oak, ⁄4 6 ⁄32-in.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(19 6 0.8-mm) cubes shall be placed in the box with the test
2. Referenced Documents specimens. The specific gravity of the oak cubes shall be
2 approximately 0.65; white oak meets this requirement.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket
NOTE 1—Number each group of wood cubes 1 through 24. At the end
or Batt Thermal Insulations
of every 600-revolution test, remove one “used” cube (follow the number
sequence and remove the oldest cube) and replace with a correspondingly
C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
numbered “new” cube. In this manner, cube wear is eliminated as an
C 303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-
uncontrolled variable in the test method. When the corners of the wood
formed Block and Broad-Type Thermal Insulation
1
cubes have been worn so that the radius of curvature is greater than ⁄16 in.
(1.6 mm) or the cubes have become altered so as not to be comparable
3. Terminology
with new cubes, they shall be discarded and new ones used. A conven-
3.1 Definitions—Definitions pertaining to thermal insulat-
tional machinist’s radius gage is used for checking the edge wear.
ing materials are defined in Terminology C 168.
6. Test Specimens
4. Significance and Use
6.1 Cut the insulation with a fine-tooth saw (similar to a
1
4.1 Several test methods for measuring mass loss by abra-
16-tooth band saw) into 1 6 ⁄16-in. (25.4 6 1.6-mm) cubes.
sion and impact of preformed block-type thermal insulation
6.2 Test twelve cubes at a time cut from one piece of
have been used to some extent in the past. It is believed that no
insulation. When flat insulation has special surfaces due to
single test method completely covers all factors involving such
treatment or molding, cut each cube to include such special
forces for different kinds of materials, but this test method is
surfaces as one face, except that the edges and corners of the
intended to provide a procedure that gives reproducible results.
insulation shall not be used.
6.3 Dry and condition specimens prior to test, following
applicable specifications for the material. If the material is
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 onThermal
adversely affected by oven temperatures, then condition speci-
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.32 on Mechanical
mens for not less than 40 h at 73.46 1.8°F (23 6 1°C), and 50
Properties.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally
6 5 % relative humidity before testing. In the absence of
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C 421 – 00.
definitive drying specifications, dry specimens in an oven at
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
215 to 250°F (102 to 121°C) to constant mass, and hold in a
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on de
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