ASTM D4438-13(2018)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers by Electronic Counting
Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers by Electronic Counting
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to determine particle size distributions for material specifications, manufacturing control, and research and development work in the particle size range usually encountered in fluidizable cracking catalysts.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle size distribution of catalyst and catalyst carrier particles using an electroconductive sensing method and is one of several valuable methods for the measurement of particle size.
1.2 The range of particle sizes investigated was 20 to 150 μm (see IEEE/ASTM SI 10) equivalent spherical diameter. The technique is capable of measuring particles above and below this range. The instrument used for this method is an electric current path of small dimensions that is modulated by individual particle passage through an aperture, and produces individual pulses of amplitude proportional to the particle volume.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: D4438 − 13 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Particle Size Distribution of Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers
by Electronic Counting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4438; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Keywords revised editorially in May 2018.
1. Scope E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
size distribution of catalyst and catalyst carrier particles using
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
an electroconductive sensing method and is one of several
valuable methods for the measurement of particle size.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.2 The range of particle sizes investigated was 20 to 150
3.1 Acarefully dispersed, dilute suspension of the sample in
µm(seeIEEE/ASTM SI 10)equivalentsphericaldiameter.The
a beaker filled with an electrolyte is placed in the counting
technique is capable of measuring particles above and below
position on the instrument sample stand. The suspension is
this range. The instrument used for this method is an electric
forced through a restricting aperture. Each passing particle is
current path of small dimensions that is modulated by indi-
recordedonanelectroniccounter,andthedataareaccumulated
vidual particle passage through an aperture, and produces
according to selected particle size intervals for subsequent
individual pulses of amplitude proportional to the particle
processing.
volume.
3.2 The instrument response is proportional to liquid dis-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
placement by the particle volume. Equivalent spherical diam-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
eter is commonly used to express the particle size.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Significance and Use
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 This test method can be used to determine particle size
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
distributionsformaterialspecifications,manufacturingcontrol,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
and research and development work in the particle size range
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
usually encountered in fluidizable cracking catalysts.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Apparatus
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Electronic Particle Counter, with sample stand and
stirring motor.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 Aperture Tubes, with varying diameters. The diameter
2.1 ASTM Standards:
required is dependent upon the particle size distribution of the
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
sample. Generally, any given tube will cover a particle size
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
range from 2 to 40 % of its aperture diameter.
ASTM Test Methods
5.3 Ultrasonic Tank, 100 W.
5.4 Beaker, 100-mL.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 on
Catalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on Physical-
5.5 Graduated Glass Pipet, 5-mL.
Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally 5.6 Wash Bottles.
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4438 – 13. DOI:
5.7 Membrane Filtering Device with 0.22-µm filters.
10.1520/D4438-13R18E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
the ASTM website. be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D32-1011.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D4438 − 13 (2018)
prevent the loss of large particles by settling and formation of air bubbles
5.8 Round-Bottom Sample Beakers, 250-mL.
during counting.
5.9 Micro-Riffler or Chute Riffler.
7.4.1 Transfer the sample into a 250-mL round-bottom
beaker containing about 200 mL of clean electrolyte. Be sure
6. Reagents
all the sample is transferred.
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
7.4.2 Place the sample and beaker (from 7.4.1)inthe
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
instrument sampling stand. Adjust the stirring blades close to
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
the bottom of the round-bottom beaker so that they effectively
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
sweep the bottom of the beaker to maintain all particles
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
uniformly in suspension.
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
7.4.3 During stirring, using a 5-mL pipet, transfer 2 mL of
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
the sample suspension (from 7.4.2) to another 250-mL round-
accuracy of the determination.
bottom beaker containing 200 mLof clean electrolyte. Be sure
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
all the contents in the pipet are transferred.
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
7.4.4 Remove the beaker (from 7.4.1) from the sampling
to Specification D1193, Type II.
stand. Flush the outside of the aperture tube, the stirrer, and
6.3 Electrolyte—Dissolve 10.0 g of reagent grade sodium
outer electrode. Place the sample and beaker from 7.4.3 in the
chloride (NaCl) in 1 Lof distilled or deionized water and filter
sampling stand. Adjust the stirring blades close to the bottom
twice through a 0.22-µm filter.
of the round-bottom beaker so that they effectively sweep the
bottom of the beaker again. Increase the stirrer speed moder-
NOTE 1—Commercially available Electrolyte solution of the same
conc
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D4438 − 13 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Particle Size Distribution of Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers
by Electronic Counting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4438; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Keywords revised editorially in May 2018.
1. Scope E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
size distribution of catalyst and catalyst carrier particles using
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
an electroconductive sensing method and is one of several
valuable methods for the measurement of particle size.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.2 The range of particle sizes investigated was 20 to 150
3.1 A carefully dispersed, dilute suspension of the sample in
µm (see IEEE/ASTM SI 10) equivalent spherical diameter. The
a beaker filled with an electrolyte is placed in the counting
technique is capable of measuring particles above and below
position on the instrument sample stand. The suspension is
this range. The instrument used for this method is an electric
forced through a restricting aperture. Each passing particle is
current path of small dimensions that is modulated by indi-
recorded on an electronic counter, and the data are accumulated
vidual particle passage through an aperture, and produces
according to selected particle size intervals for subsequent
individual pulses of amplitude proportional to the particle
processing.
volume.
3.2 The instrument response is proportional to liquid dis-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
placement by the particle volume. Equivalent spherical diam-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
eter is commonly used to express the particle size.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Significance and Use
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 This test method can be used to determine particle size
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
distributions for material specifications, manufacturing control,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
and research and development work in the particle size range
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
usually encountered in fluidizable cracking catalysts.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 3
5. Apparatus
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Electronic Particle Counter, with sample stand and
stirring motor.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 Aperture Tubes, with varying diameters. The diameter
2.1 ASTM Standards:
required is dependent upon the particle size distribution of the
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
sample. Generally, any given tube will cover a particle size
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
range from 2 to 40 % of its aperture diameter.
ASTM Test Methods
5.3 Ultrasonic Tank, 100 W.
5.4 Beaker, 100-mL.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 on
Catalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on Physical-
5.5 Graduated Glass Pipet, 5-mL.
Mechanical Properties.
5.6 Wash Bottles.
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4438 – 13. DOI:
5.7 Membrane Filtering Device with 0.22-µm filters.
10.1520/D4438-13R18E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
the ASTM website. be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D32-1011.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D4438 − 13 (2018)
prevent the loss of large particles by settling and formation of air bubbles
5.8 Round-Bottom Sample Beakers, 250-mL.
during counting.
5.9 Micro-Riffler or Chute Riffler.
7.4.1 Transfer the sample into a 250-mL round-bottom
beaker containing about 200 mL of clean electrolyte. Be sure
6. Reagents
all the sample is transferred.
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
7.4.2 Place the sample and beaker (from 7.4.1) in the
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
instrument sampling stand. Adjust the stirring blades close to
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
the bottom of the round-bottom beaker so that they effectively
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
4 sweep the bottom of the beaker to maintain all particles
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
uniformly in suspension.
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
7.4.3 During stirring, using a 5-mL pipet, transfer 2 mL of
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
the sample suspension (from 7.4.2) to another 250-mL round-
accuracy of the determination.
bottom beaker containing 200 mL of clean electrolyte. Be sure
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
all the contents in the pipet are transferred.
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
7.4.4 Remove the beaker (from 7.4.1) from the sampling
to Specification D1193, Type II.
stand. Flush the outside of the aperture tube, the stirrer, and
6.3 Electrolyte—Dissolve 10.0 g of reagent grade sodium
outer electrode. Place the sample and beaker from 7.4.3 in the
chloride (NaCl) in 1 L of distilled or deionized water and filter
sampling stand. Adjust the stirring blades close to the bottom
twice through a 0.22-µm filter.
of the round-bottom beaker so that they effectively sweep the
bottom of the beaker again. Increase the stirrer speed moder-
NOTE 1—Commercially available Electrolyte solution of the same
concentration can also be used, but should be filtered for apertures smaller
ately. Check for parti
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D4438 − 13 D4438 − 13 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Particle Size Distribution of Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers
by Electronic Counting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4438; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Keywords revised editorially in May 2018.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle size distribution of catalyst and catalyst carrier particles using an
electroconductive sensing method and is one of several valuable methods for the measurement of particle size.
1.2 The range of particle sizes investigated was 20 to 150 μm (see IEEE/ASTM SI 10) equivalent spherical diameter. The
technique is capable of measuring particles above and below this range. The instrument used for this method is an electric current
path of small dimensions that is modulated by individual particle passage through an aperture, and produces individual pulses of
amplitude proportional to the particle volume.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A carefully dispersed, dilute suspension of the sample in a beaker filled with an electrolyte is placed in the counting position
on the instrument sample stand. The suspension is forced through a restricting aperture. Each passing particle is recorded on an
electronic counter, and the data are accumulated according to selected particle size intervals for subsequent processing.
3.2 The instrument response is proportional to liquid displacement by the particle volume. Equivalent spherical diameter is
commonly used to express the particle size.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method can be used to determine particle size distributions for material specifications, manufacturing control, and
research and development work in the particle size range usually encountered in fluidizable cracking catalysts.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Electronic Particle Counter, with sample stand and stirring motor.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 on Catalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on Physical-Mechanical
Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013May 1, 2018. Published December 2013June 2018. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20072013 as
D4438 – 85 (2007).D4438 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D4438-13.10.1520/D4438-13R18E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D32-1011.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D4438 − 13 (2018)
5.2 Aperture Tubes, with varying diameters. The diameter required is dependent upon the particle size distribution of the sample.
Generally, any given tube will cover a particle size range from 2 to 40 % of its aperture diameter.
5.3 Ultrasonic Tank, 100 W.
5.4 Beaker, 100-mL.
5.5 Graduated Glass Pipet, 5-mL.
5.6 Wash Bottles.
5.7 Membrane Filtering Device with 0.22-μm filters.
5.8 Round-Bottom Sample Beakers, 250-mL.
5.9 Micro-Riffler or Chute Riffler.
6. Reagents
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high
purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming to
Specification D1193, Type II.
6.3 Electrolyte—Dissolve 10.0 g of reagent grade sodium chloride (NaCl) in 1 L of distilled or deionized water and filter twice
through a 0.22-μm filter.
NOTE 1—Commercially available Electrolyte solution of the same concentration can also be used, but should be filtered for apertures smaller than 100
μm.
6.4 Wash Water—Distilled or deionized water, twice filtered through a 0.22-μm filter. Electrolyte may also be used as wash
water.
6.5 Calibration Spheres , Near monosized, having a relative standard deviation from the mean of less than 5 %, or equivalent,
as certified by the manufacturer.
7. Procedure
7.1 Follow instrument manufacturer’s instruction manual for instrument settings.
7.2 Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for calibrating each aperture and electrolyte combination that will be used.
7.3 Before each analysis, using the wash bottle and filtered wash water, wash all surfaces coming in contact with the sample.
7.4 Place 150 to 200 mL of electrolyte in a round-bottom beaker on the sample stand with the stirring rod turning moderately
fast. Position the stirring blades near the bottom of the beaker and increase the stirrer speed to a rate just below air bubble formation
(Note 2). Follow the instruction manu
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.