ASTM D441-07(2012)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method of Tumbler Test for Coal
Standard Test Method of Tumbler Test for Coal
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is a measure of the resistance of the coal to breakage upon impact and abrasion as the coal rubs together and against the walls of the transportation vehicle.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative friability of a particular size of sized coal. It affords a means of measuring the liability of coal to break into smaller pieces when subjected to repeated handling at the mine or subsequently, by the distributor or by the consumer. This test method is serviceable for ascertaining the similarity of coals in respect to friability rather than for determining values within narrow limits to emphasize their dissimilarity. This test method also may serve to indicate the relative extent to which sized coals will suffer size degradation in certain mechanical feed devices. This test method may be used for differentiating between certain ranks and grades of coal, and therefore the test method is of service for coal classification purposes.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded as the standard. Mass may be expressed in metric values.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D441 − 07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method of
Tumbler Test for Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D441; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftherelative 3.1 This test method is a measure of the resistance of the
friabilityofaparticularsizeofsizedcoal.Itaffordsameansof coal to breakage upon impact and abrasion as the coal rubs
measuring the liability of coal to break into smaller pieces together and against the walls of the transportation vehicle.
when subjected to repeated handling at the mine or
4. Apparatus
subsequently, by the distributor or by the consumer. This test
4.1 Porcelain Jar Tumbler, consisting of a cylindrical por-
method is serviceable for ascertaining the similarity of coals in
celainjarofuniformdimensions,7 ⁄4in.(184mm)indiameter
respect to friability rather than for determining values within
and 7 ⁄4 in. in depth, inside measurements, such as is used for
narrowlimitstoemphasizetheirdissimilarity.Thistestmethod
pulverizing coal samples for analysis. The jar shall be fitted
also may serve to indicate the relative extent to which sized
inside an iron frame with lifting shelves constructed as shown
coals will suffer size degradation in certain mechanical feed
inFig.1.Thetworings, a,shallbe7 ⁄8in.(181mm)inoutside
devices. This test method may be used for differentiating
3 1
diameterandshallbemadeof ⁄4-by ⁄8-in.(19-by3-mm)iron.
betweencertainranksandgradesofcoal,andthereforethetest
1 3 1
The three ledges or shelves, b,6 ⁄2 by ⁄4 by ⁄8 in. (165 by 19
method is of service for coal classification purposes.
by 3 mm), shall be attached radially to the rings by means of
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded
small brackets, c, the ends of the shelves being flush with the
as the standard. Mass may be expressed in metric values.
outer edges of the rings. The shelves shall be attached so that
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5
there will be ⁄8-in. (15.9-mm) clearance between their outer
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
edgeandtheoutsideofthering.Rivets,notbolts,shallbeused
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
in constructing the frame. As the jars available commercially
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
are not of absolutely uniform size, the measurements of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
framemaybeslightlyvariedtosuitindividualcases.Theframe
shall be fixed inside the jar by means of wedges between the
2. Referenced Documents
ringsandtheinsidewallofthejarsothatitsaxisshallcoincide
2.1 ASTM Standards:
as nearly as possible with the axis of the jar, and so that the
D2234/D2234MPractice for Collection of a Gross Sample
framewillrotatewiththejar.Thejarshallbeclosedbyaset-in
of Coal
porcelain lid resting upon a heavy rubber gasket and sealed
D4749Test Method for Performing the Sieve Analysis of
tightly according to the customary procedure with such jars,
Coal and Designating Coal Size
that is, by means of a bolt working against the lid. The bolt
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
shall be set in a crossbar, the ends of which shall be held by a
Sieves
metal strip which fits around the body of the jar. For tumbling,
thejarshallbelaidinahorizontalpositioninasuitablesupport
1 or rack and rotated about its cylindrical axis at the rate of 40
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and
rpm. The assembled apparatus is illustrated in Fig. 2.
Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.07 on Physical
Characteristics of Coal.
4.2 Optional Iron Jar Tumbler—An iron jar may be substi-
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
tuted for the porcelain jar specified in 4.1, provided it has
approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D441–86(2002).
DOI: 10.1520/D0441-07R12.
approximatelythesameinternaldimensions,namely,7 ⁄4in.in
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
diameter by 7 ⁄4 in. in depth. A jar constructed of cast iron is
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
recommended, and the interior machined to the required
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. internal dimensions. For making it sufficiently light for lifting,
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D441 − 07 (2012)
4.3 Sieves—For sizing the sample for test, square-hole
sieves having 1.50- and 1.06-in. (38.1- and 26.9-mm) actual
openingsbetweenthewiresshallbeused.Thesesievesmaybe
fitted into frames, 12 by 30 in. (305 by 762 mm) or larger. For
sieving the coal after tumbling, square-hole sieves having
1.06-, 0.750-, 0.530-, 0.375-, 0.0469-, and 0.0117-in. (26.9-,
19.0-, 13.5-, 9.51-, 1.19-, and 0.297-mm) actual openings
between the wires shall be used. For this purpose, round,
metal-framed sieves 8 in. (200 mm) in diameter are suitable.
The sieves shall conform to Specification E11.
4.4 Balance—The balance used for weighing the sample
shall be sensitive to 1 g.
5. Sampling
5.1 Collection of Gross Sample—Collect the gross sample
of coal in accordance with Practice D2234/D2234M and Test
Method D4749.
5.2 Preparation of Sample:
5.2.1 Make a preliminary sieving of a representative
Metric Equivalents
portion, approximately 100 lbs (45 kg), of the gross sample,
1 5 3 1 1
in. ⁄8 ⁄8 ⁄4 6 ⁄2 7 ⁄8
using square-hole sieves with 1.06- and 1.50-in. (26.9- and
(mm) (3.18) (15.9) (19.0) (165) (181)
38.1-mm) openings. If this preliminary sieving indicates that
FIG. 1 Steel Frame Used in Jar Mill
the pieces of coal are mostly smaller than 1.50 in., sieve
successive representative portions of the gross sample until at
least 25 lbs (11 kg) of the 1.06- to 1.50-in. size are obtained. If
most of the pieces obtained by the preliminary sieving are
larger than 1.50 in., conduct sieving of representative portions
of the gross sample until at least 50 lbs (23 kg) of the sieved
material remaining on the 1.06-in. sieve are available. Then
break the pieces so obtained that are larger than 1.50 in. with
a hammer until they pass the 1.50-in. sieve, avoiding as much
as possible the production of pieces smaller than 1.06 in.
Should the combined weights of the 1.06- to 1.50-in. size,
obtained by sieving before and after hammer breakage of the
larger pieces, be less than the required 25 lbs, augment the
amount by further sieving and breakage of additional repre-
sentativeportions,ortheremainderofthegrosssample,taking
care to discard all pieces in which noticeable cracks have
developed by hammer breakage. Take care also to provide
pieces covering the whole range of the 1.06- to 1.50-in. size in
both the 25-lbs composite sample, and in each 1000-g sample
takenfortestasinSection5.Thismaybeaccomplishedbythe
NOTE 1—On the bench are shown typical jar mills in which the
useofa1.25-
...
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