ASTM F1044-05(2017)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Calcium Phosphate Coatings and Metallic Coatings
Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Calcium Phosphate Coatings and Metallic Coatings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The shear test method is recommended for shear testing of calcium phosphate and metallic/substrate combinations and can provide information on the adhesive or cohesive strength of coatings under a uniaxial shear stress.
5.2 The test method may be useful for comparative evaluation of adhesive or cohesive strengths of a variety of types of coatings. Information developed using this test method may be useful for certain quality control and design purposes.
5.3 The test method should not be considered to provide an intrinsic values for utilization directly in making calculations such as determining the ability of a coating to withstand specified environmental stresses.
5.4 Processing variables, such as substrate preparation prior to coating, surface texture, coating technique variables or post-coating heat treatment, or heat may introduce a significant effect on the results of the shear test. The specimen being evaluated must be representative of the actual end-use coating.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers shear testing of continuous calcium phosphate coatings and metallic coatings adhering to dense metal substrates at ambient temperatures. It assesses the degree of adhesion of coatings to substrates, or the internal cohesion of a coating in shear, parallel to the surface plane.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: F1044 − 05 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Shear Testing of Calcium Phosphate Coatings and Metallic
Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made throughout in January 2018.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers shear testing of continuous 3.1 Definitions—Terminology E6 shall be considered as
calcium phosphate coatings and metallic coatings adhering to applying to the terms used in this test method.
dense metal substrates at ambient temperatures. It assesses the
4. Summary of Test Method
degree of adhesion of coatings to substrates, or the internal
4.1 Shear Method for Calcium Phosphate or Metallic Coat-
cohesion of a coating in shear, parallel to the surface plane.
ings:
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
4.1.1 This test method consists of subjecting a specimen
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
assembly composed of one coated and one uncoated compo-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
nent to a shear load. The components to be tested may be
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
bonded together directly by thermomechanical means (for
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
example, sintering or diffusion bonding) or may be bonded
with the standard.
together by use of a polymeric adhesive. The adhesive may be
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in film form or bulk form, but it must have a minimum bulk
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
shear strength of 34.5 MPa [5000 psi] or as great as the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
minimum required adhesion or cohesion strength of the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
coating, whichever is greater.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.2 The shear load shall be applied parallel to the plane of
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
the coating utilizing a tensile machine, which is capable of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
determining the maximum strength of the coating or coating
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
attachment to the substrate interface.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.2 Shear Method for Metallic Coatings Only—The lap
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
shear method consists of subjecting a porous coated area to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
single shear loading, generally utilizing suitable polymeric
adhesive or bone cement adhesive and test jig in a tension
2. Referenced Documents
machine, and determining the maximum shear stress required
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to obtain separation (that is, the shear strength of the coating/
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
substrate bond or shear strength of the coating).
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma- 5. Significance and Use
terials
5.1 The shear test method is recommended for shear testing
of calcium phosphate and metallic/substrate combinations and
can provide information on the adhesive or cohesive strength
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F04 on Medical
of coatings under a uniaxial shear stress.
and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
5.2 The test method may be useful for comparative evalu-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published January 2018. Originally
ation of adhesive or cohesive strengths of a variety of types of
ɛ1
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F1044 – 05(2011) .
coatings. Information developed using this test method may be
DOI: 10.1520/F1044-05R17E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or useful for certain quality control and design purposes.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.3 The test method should not be considered to provide an
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. intrinsic values for utilization directly in making calculations
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F1044 − 05 (2017)
such as determining the ability of a coating to withstand
specified environmental stresses.
5.4 Processing variables, such as substrate preparation prior
to coating, surface texture, coating technique variables or
post-coating heat treatment, or heat may introduce a significant
effect on the results of the shear test. The specimen being
evaluated must be representative of the actual end-use coating.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Testing Machines—Machines used for testing shall con-
form to the requirements of Practices E4. The loads used in
determining shear strength and yield strength shall be within
the loading range of the testing machine as defined in Practices
E4. See also Test Methods E8/E8M.
6.2 Gripping Devices:
6.2.1 General—Various types of grips may be used to
transmit the load applied to the specimens by the testing
machine. To ensure axial shear stress, it is important that the
specimen axis coincide with the centerline of the heads of the
testingmachineandthatthecoatingtestplanebeparalleltothe
axial load. Any departure from this requirement (that is, any
eccentric loading) will introduce bending stresses that are not
included in the usual stress calculation (force/cross-sectional
area).
6.2.2 Aligned Interface Method for Calcium Phosphate or
Metallic Coatings:
6.2.2.1 A drawing of a typical gripping device for the test
assembly is shown in Fig. 1.
6.2.2.2 Adrawing of the adapter to mate the shear fixture to
FIG. 2 Adapter to Mate the Gripping Device to the Tensile Ma-
the tensile machine is shown in Fig. 2. chine
6.2.2.3 Aschematic of the test assembly is shown in Fig. 3.
6.2.3 Lap Shear Method for Metallic Coatings Only:
designed and machined with sufficient precision to minimize
6.2.3.1 Lap Shear Testing Bonding Fixture—A bonding
movement of the specimen during curing of the adhesive.
fixture of the type shown in Fig. 4 or equivalent shall be
Some coatings, such as porous fiber metal coatings, may be
bonded by sintering without the use of this fixture.
6.2.3.2 Lap Shear Test Loading Grips—Aloading jig of the
type shown in Fig. 5 or equivalent shall be used. It shall be
made of hardened steel having a hardness of not less than
Rockwell C60. To minimize the possible effect of distortion of
the device under load, fitted and machined steel bolts may be
used to hold the components together. The interfaces between
the tongue and clevises shall be smooth.
7. Adhesive Bonding Materials
7.1 Adhesive Bonding Agent—A polymeric adhesive bond-
ing agent in film form, or filled viscous adhesive cement, when
used, shall be identified and shall meet the following require-
ments:
7.1.1 The bonding agent shall be capable of bonding the
coating on the test specimen components with an adhesive
shear strength that is at least 34.5 MPa [5000 psi] or as great as
the minimum required adhesion or cohesion strength of the
coating, whichever is greater.
7.1.2 In instances where porosity extends to the coating/
substrate interface, the bonding agent shall be sufficiently
viscous and application to the coating sufficiently careful to
FIG. 1 Gripping Device for Shear Testing assure that it will not penetrate through the coating to the
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F1044 − 05 (2017)
FIG. 5 Lap Shear Loading Grips
7.1.3 If a material other than FM 1000 is used, or the
condition of the FM 1000 is unknown, it must be tested to
establish its equivalence to fresh FM 1000. Testing should be
performed without the presence of the calcium phosphate
coating to establish the performance of the adhesive.
FIG. 3 Drawing of the Recommended Shear Test Specimen As-
8. Test Specimen
sembly
8.1 General:
8.1.1 In order to ensure precision and accuracy in test
results, it is important that care be exercised in the preparation
of specimens, both in machining and, in the case of multi-part
specimens, in the assembly. Specimen components must be
properly aligned in order that generated stresses be purely
axial, that is, parallel to the coated surface.
8.1.2 Aligned Interface Method Specimen—This shear test
specimen is illustrated in Fig. 6. A complete, assembled test
assembly consists of two solid pieces; one with a coated
surface and the other with an uncoated surface. The uncoated
surface may be roughened to aid in the bonding of the
adhesive.
8.1.2.1 The cross-sectional area of the substrate upon which
2 2
the coating is applied shall be nominal 2.84 cm [0.44 in. ].
When specimens of another cross-sectional area are used, the
data must be demonstrated to be equivalent to 2.84 cm
standard cross-sectional area and the specimen size should be
reported.
FIG. 4 Lap Shear Bonding Fixture
substrate. The FM 1000 Adhesive Film with a thickness of
0.25 mm [0.01 in.] has proven satisfactory for this test.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is Cytec Engineered Materials, Inc., 1300 Revolution St., Havre de Grace, MD
21078. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. FIG. 6 Aligned Interface Sp
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