ASTM C12-07

Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitified clay pipe lines in order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe. The external loads on installed vitrified clay pipe are of two general types: (I) dead loads and (2) live loads. For pipes installed in trenches at a given depth, the dead load increases as the trench width, measured at the top of the pipe, increases. Live loads that act at the ground surface are partially transmitted to the pipe. Live loads may be produced by wheel loading, construction equipment or by compactive effort. Classes of bedding and encasements for pipe in trenches are defined as Class D wherein the pipe shall be placed on a firm and unyielding trench bottom with bell holes provided, Class C wherein the pipe shall be bedded in clean coarse-grained gravels and sands, Class B wherein the pipe shall be bedded in suitable material and Class A. Trenches shall be excavated to a width that will provide adequate working space, but not more than the maximum design width. Trench walls shall not be undercut. Bell holes shall be excavated to prevent point loading of the bells or couplings of laid pipe, and to establish full-length support of the pipe barrel. Final backfill need not be compacted to develop field supporting strength of the pipe. Final backfill may require compaction to prevent settlement of the ground surface.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitrified clay pipe lines in order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2007
• ICS: 23.040.01 - Pipeline components and pipelines in general
• Technical Committee: C04 - Vitrified Clay Pipe
• Drafting Committee: C04.20 - Methods of Test and Specifications

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C12-06 - Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Replaced By: ASTM C12-08 - Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C425-22 - Standard Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM C1091-03a(2022) - Standard Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM C301-18(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM C828-23 - Standard Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 12 – 07
Standard Practice for
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Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC 12;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing
4. Supporting Strength
vitrified clay pipe lines in order to fully utilize the structural
4.1 The field supporting strength of vitrified clay pipe is
properties of such pipe.
materially affected by the methods of installation. The field
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
supporting strength of a pipe is defined as its capacity to
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
support dead and live loads under actual field conditions. It is
information only.
dependent upon two factors: (1) the inherent strength of the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pipe and (2) the bedding of the pipe.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 The minimum bearing strength requirement in accor-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dance with Specification C 700, as determined by the 3-edge-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bearing test of Test Methods C 301, is a measure of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
inherent strength of the pipe.
2. Referenced Documents 4.3 The tests used to measure bearing strength determine
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relative pipe strengths but do not represent actual field condi-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tions. Therefore, an adjustment called a load factor is intro-
C 301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
duced to convert minimum bearing strength to field supporting
C 425 Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified
strength. The magnitude of the load factor depends on how the
Clay Pipe and Fittings
pipe is bedded. The relationship is:
C 700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength,
Standard Strength, and Perforated Field supporting strength 5 minimum bearing strength 3 load factor
C 828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified
4.4 Afactor of safety greater than 1.0 and less than or equal
Clay Pipe Lines
to 1.5 shall be applied to the field supporting strength to
C 896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
calculate a safe supporting strength. The relationship is:
C 1091 Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration Testing of
Field supporting strength
Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
Safe supporting strength 5
Factor of safety
D 2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
5. External Loads
5.1 The external loads on installed vitrified clay pipe are of
3. Terminology
two general types: (1) dead loads and (2) live loads.
3.1 General—Terminology C 896 can be used for clarifica-
5.2 For pipes installed in trenches at a given depth, the dead
tion of terminology in this specification.
load increases as the trench width, measured at the top of the
pipe,increases.Consequently,thetrenchwidthatthetopofthe
pipeshallbekeptasnarrowaspossible.Pipefailuremayresult
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on Vitrified
if the design trench width is exceeded. If the trench width
Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods of
exceeds the design width, a higher class of bedding, stronger
Test and Specifications.
pipe, or both, must be investigated.
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally
approved in 1915. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C 12 – 06.
5.3 Live loads that act at the ground surface are partially
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
transmitted to the pipe. Live loads may be produced by wheel
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
loading, construction equipment or by compactive effort.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Compaction of embedment and backfill materials, beside and
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C12–07
Construction, Water Pollution Control Federation Manual of Practice No.
FD-5, American Society of Civil Engineers—Manuals and Report on
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Engineering Practice—No. 60.
6. Bedding and Encasement
6.1 Classes of bedding and encasements for pipe in trenches
are defined herein. The load factors indicated are for c
...