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ASTM D5578-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethylene Oxide in Workplace Atmospheres (HBr Derivatization Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethylene Oxide in Workplace Atmospheres (HBr Derivatization Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Ethylene oxide is a major industrial chemical with production volume ranked in the top 25 chemicals produced in the United States. It is used in the manufacture of a great variety of products as well as being a sterilizing agent and fumigant.
This test method provides a means of determining exposure levels of ETO in the working environment at the presently recommended exposure guidelines.
5.2.1 OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) 1 ppm, 15-min excursion limit 5 ppm (CFR, Part 1910, Subpart Z, Section 1910.1047).3  
5.2.2 ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV) 1 ppm (1.8 mg/m3), suspected human carcinogen.4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a method of collecting and analyzing samples to determine the amount of ethylene oxide (ETO) present in workplace atmospheres.
1.2 This test method can be used to provide a time-weighted average (TWA) over the concentration range from 0.2 to 4 ppm (v).
1.3 This test method can be used to determine 15-min excursions (STEL) ranging from 1 to 25 ppm (v).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for specific safety hazards.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2004
ICS
13.040.30 - Workplace atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.04 - Workplace Air Quality
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5578-94(1999)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethylene Oxide in Workplace Atmospheres (HBr Derivatization Method)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D5578-04(2010) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethylene Oxide in Workplace Atmospheres (HBr Derivatization Method)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010

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ASTM D5578-04 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethylene Oxide in Workplace Atmospheres (HBr Derivatization Method)ASTM D5578-04 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethylene Oxide in Workplace Atmospheres (HBr Derivatization Method)
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ASTM D5578-04 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethylene Oxide in Workplace Atmospheres (HBr Derivatization Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D5578–04
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Ethylene Oxide in Workplace Atmospheres
1
(HBr Derivatization Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5578; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope Part 1910, Subpart Z, Section 1910.1047.
1.1 This test method covers a method of collecting and
3. Terminology
analyzing samples to determine the amount of ethylene oxide
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to
(ETO) present in workplace atmospheres.
Terminology D1356, and Practice E355.
1.2 Thistestmethodcanbeusedtoprovideatime-weighted
average(TWA)overtheconcentrationrangefrom0.2to4ppm
4. Summary of Test Method
(v).
4.1 A known volume of air is pumped through a glass tube
1.3 This test method can be used to determine 15-min
2
packed with carbon molecular sieve, surface area 400 m /g
excursions (STEL) ranging from 1 to 25 ppm (v).
impregnated with hydrogen bromide (HBr) where ETO is
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
adsorbed and converted to 2-bromoethanol.
standard.
4.2 The tube contains two reactive sections for sample
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
collection. The backup section collects vapors that pass
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
through the front section and is used to determine if the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
collection capacity of the front section has been exceeded.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.3 The resultant derivative, 2-bromoethanol, is desorbed
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for
with a mixture of acetonitrile/toluene and analyzed using a gas
specific safety hazards.
chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector.
2. Referenced Documents 4.4 Desorption efficiency is determined by spiking tubes
2 withknownamountsof2-bromoethanolandanalyzingwiththe
2.1 ASTM Standards:
same procedure used for air samples.
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
4.5 Quantitation is achieved by comparing peak areas from
Atmospheres
sample solutions with areas from standard solutions.
D3686 Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Or-
ganic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Ad-
5. Significance and Use
sorption Method)
5.1 Ethylene oxide is a major industrial chemical with
D3687 Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound Vapors
production volume ranked in the top 25 chemicals produced in
Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption
the United States. It is used in the manufacture of a great
Method
variety of products as well as being a sterilizing agent and
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Rela-
fumigant.
tionships
5.2 This test method provides a means of determining
2.2 Other Standard:
exposure levels of ETO in the working environment at the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. De-
presently recommended exposure guidelines.
partmentofLabor,Title29, Code of Federal Regulations,
5.2.1 OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) 1 ppm,
15-min excursion limit 5 ppm (CFR, Part 1910, Subpart Z,
3
Section 1910.1047).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on
5.2.2 ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV) 1 ppm (1.8
Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
3 4
mg/m ), suspected human carcinogen.
mittee D22.04 on Workplace Atmospheres.
Current edition approved October 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally
´1
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D5578 - 94(1999) .
3
DOI: 10.1520/D5578-04. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Office, Washington, DC 20402.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Biological Exposure Indices, American Conference of Governmental Industrial
the ASTM website. Hygienists, 6500 Glenway Avenue, Building D-7, Cincinnati, OH 45211-4438.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5578–04
6. Interferences 8. Reagents
6.1 Derivatives and other compounds that have identical or 8.1 Purity of Reagents—Unless otherwise indicated, it is
nearly the same GC column retention time as
...

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5.1 Sulfuric acid is used in the manufacture of fertilizer, explosives, dyestuffs, other acids, parchment paper, glue, lead acid batteries, textiles, etc., and in the pickling of metals.  
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Note 2: In some countries the occupational exposure limit value (OELV) for sulfuric acid is related to the thoracic aerosol fraction; in such cases it is recommended to use a sampler for the thoracic aerosol fraction (ISO 20581).6
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1.1 This ion chromatographic test method describes the determination of sulfuric acid mist in air samples collected from workplace atmospheres on a mixed cellulose ester (MCE) filter.
Note 1: Other filter types such as quartz fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filters are also suitable.  
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1.1 This test method is intended for use in the determination of beryllium by sampling workplace air and surface dust.  
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1.1 This guide provides criteria to be used in defining strategies for sampling for metals and metalloids on surfaces for workplace health and safety monitoring or evaluation.  
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4.1 This guide describes standard approaches used to formulate air sampling strategies before actual air sampling occurs.  
4.2 For most workplace air sampling purposes, and for the majority of materials sampled, air sampling strategies are matters of choice. Air sampling in the workplace may be done for single or multiple purposes, such as health impact, hazard or risk assessment, compliance assessment, or investigation of complaints. Problems can arise when a single air sampling strategy is expected to satisfy multiple diverse purposes.  
4.2.1 Proper consideration of limitations of cost, space, power requirements, equipment, analytical methods, training and personnel result in a best available strategy for each purpose.  
4.2.2 A strategy designed to satisfy multiple purposes must be a compromise among several alternatives, and will not be optimum for any one purpose; however, the strategy should be appropriate for the intended purpose(s).  
4.2.3 The purpose or purposes for sampling should be explicitly stated before a sampling strategy is selected in order to ensure that the sampling strategy is appropriate for the intended use. Good sampling practice, legal requirements, cost of the sampling program, and the utility of the results may be markedly different for different intended sampling purposes.  
4.3 This guide is intended for use by those who are preparing to evaluate air quality in a work environment of a location by air sampling, or who wish to obtain an understanding of what information can be obtained by carrying out air sampling.  
4.4 This guide should not be used as a stand-alone document to evaluate any given airborne contaminant(s).  
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1.1 This guide describes criteria to be used in defining air sampling strategies for workplace health and safety monitoring or evaluation. Sampling criteria such as duration, frequency, number, location, method, equipment, and timing are all considered.  
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5.5 This practice includes drying and homogenization steps to help assure that reported results are representative of the sample and are independent of potential differences in soil moisture levels among different sampling locations or changing weather conditions.
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1.1 This practice covers drying, homogenization, and ammonium bifluoride-nitric acid digestion of soil samples and associated quality control (QC) samples for the determination of metals and metalloids using laboratory atomic spectrometry analysis techniques such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). For ammonium bifluoride-nitric acid digestion of airborne dust and dust-wipe samples for the determination of metals and metalloids, see Practice D8344.  
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1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this standard.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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5.1 Poor indoor air quality has been implicated in significant adverse acute and chronic impacts on occupant health and performance. The ability to assess the components contributing to poor indoor air quality is critical for determining best practices for improving indoor air quality.  
5.2 Measurement of pollutants in indoor environments using sensors and sensor systems provides information needed to improve indoor air quality through pollutant source control, ventilation, filtration or other treatments.  
5.3 This method uses a test characterization chamber system equipped with reference monitor(s) to evaluate the response of test sensors or test sensor systems to specific types of particles (for example, salt, polystyrene latex, or dust). To facilitate reproducible results, the test particles used within this method are standardized and have known properties. The user is cautioned that a single particle type is not representative of all particles found indoors. The relative response of test sensors or test sensor systems to a reference monitor can vary by a factor of two for different particle types (for example, primary or secondary, organic or inorganic, outdoor or indoor origin; see 6.11.3 for further discussion). Furthermore, the user is cautioned that the lower limit of particle size detection for optical test sensors and test sensor systems is generally 0.3 μm in diameter; particles below this size are generally undetected and may represent a significant health concern as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses a chamber system to evaluate the performance of stationary PM2.5 sensors (sensors) and particle sensor systems (sensor systems) subjected to various test conditions, including temperature, relative humidity, PM2.5 concentration, and coarse PM interferent concentration.  
1.1.1 This test method covers sensors and sensor systems that can be continuously powered and continuously operated for the duration of any test described in this method through line power or an internal battery of sufficient output. This test method is not meant to evaluate sensors or sensor systems without these capabilities.  
1.1.2 This test method evaluates the performance of sensors and sensor systems that allow users to collect data in a systemic manner to assess the capabilities and limitations of these devices.  
1.1.3 This test method is not meant to evaluate sensors or sensor systems without data storage and recording capabilities.  
1.1.4 This test method is not intended to evaluate indoor air quality sensors and sensor systems for purposes of regulation of outdoor air, homeland security, law enforcement or forensic activity.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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