ASTM C927-80(1999)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from the Lip and Rim Area of Glass Tumblers Externally Decorated with Ceramic Glass Enamels
Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from the Lip and Rim Area of Glass Tumblers Externally Decorated with Ceramic Glass Enamels
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from the lip and rim area of glassware used for drinking and which is exteriorly decorated with ceramic glass enamels. The procedure of extraction may be expected to accelerate the release of lead and cadmium from the decorated area and to serve, therefore, as a severe test that is unlikely to be matched under the actual conditions of usage of such glassware. This test method is specific for lead and cadmium. Note 1-For additional information see Test Method C738.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C 927 – 80 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Lead and Cadmium Extracted from the Lip and Rim Area of
Glass Tumblers Externally Decorated with Ceramic Glass
Enamels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 927; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 ceramic glass enamels (also ceramic enamels or glass
enamels)—predominately colored, silicate glass fluxes used to
1.1 This test method covers the determination of lead and
decorate glassware.
cadmium extracted by acetic acid from the lip and rim area of
3.1.3 lip and rim area—that part of a drinking vessel which
glassware used for drinking and which is exteriorly decorated
extends 20 mm below the rim on the outside of the specimen.
with ceramic glass enamels. The procedure of extraction may
be expected to accelerate the release of lead and cadmium from
4. Summary of Test Method
the decorated area and to serve, therefore, as a severe test that
4.1 Lead and cadmium are extracted from the lip and rim
is unlikely to be matched under the actual conditions of usage
area of the article under test by leaching with a 4 % acetic acid
of such glassware. This test method is specific for lead and
solution at 20 to 24°C (68 to 75°F) for 24 h and are measured
cadmium.
by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using specific hollow
NOTE 1—For additional information see Test Method C 738.
cathode or electrodeless discharge lamps for lead and cadmium
respectively. Results are reported as micrograms per millilitre
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are (ppm) extracted relative to the internal volume of the glass
article.
for information only.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
5. Significance and Use
tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
5.1 The heavy metals, lead and cadmium, are known to
address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is
cause serious health effects in man if consumed in excess. It is,
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
therefore, important to measure the amount that may be
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
extracted from an area of the glass drinking vessel in contact
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
with the lip. Even though the amount of lead and cadmium
2. Referenced Documents
extracted by this test method is in no way representative of the
2.1 ASTM Standards: amount of the metals extracted by actual lip contact, the
relative magnitude of metals extracted from one test specimen
C 738 Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from
Glazed Ceramic Surfaces in relation to another test specimen provides an effective tool
for discrimination.
3. Terminology
6. Interferences
3.1 Definitions:
6.1 Since specific hollow cathode lamps or electrodeless
3.1.1 ceramic glass decorations—ceramic glass enamels
fused to glassware at temperatures above 425°C (800°F) to discharge lamps for lead and cadmium are used, there are no
interferences.
produce a decoration.
7. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-14 on Glass
7.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), equipped
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.10 on
with a 102-mm (4-in.) single slot or Boling burner head and
Glass Decoration. It was developed jointly by ASTM Committee C-14 and C-21 on
digital concentration readout attachment (DCR) if available.
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products, the Society of Glass Decorators A-20
Subcommittee on Ceramic Enameled Decorated Glass Tumblers, and an Inter-
This instrument should have a sensitivity of about 0.5 μg/mL of
agency Task Force consisting of FDA, EPA, and CPSC of the U.S. Government.
lead for 1 % absorption and a sensitivity of about 0.025 μg/mL
Current edition approved Jan. 25, 1980. Published April 1980. Originally
e1
published as C 927 - 80. Last previous edition C 927 - 80 (1993) .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 927
of cadmium for 1 % absorption. Use the operating conditions a minimum of six samples should be taken representing both
as specified in the instrument manufacturer’s analytical meth- sides and the center of the lehr.
ods manual.
9.2 Load or Pile—A minimum of six samples should be
7.2 Hollow Cathode or Electrodeless Discharge Lead
randomly selected from throughout the load.
Lamp, set at 283.3 nm.
7.3 Hollow Cathode or Electrodeless Discharge Cadmium
10. Preparation of Standards
Lamp, set at 228.8 nm.
10.1 Lead Standard Working Solutions—Dilute lead nitrate
7.4 Glassware of chemically resistant borosilicate glass for
solution (8.7) with acetic acid (8.3) to obtain working standards
use in preparing and storing reagents and solutions, and for use
having final lead concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 μg/mL.
as test specimen containers.
10.2 Cadmium Standard Working Solutions—Dilute cad-
7.5 Detection limits of lead and cadmium shall be deter-
mium stock solution (8.4) with acetic acid (8.3) to obtain
mined and reported for individual instruments. In this test
working standards having final cadmium concentrations of 0.0,
method, the detection limit shall be defined as twice the mean
0.3, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2.0 μg/mL.
noise level at 0 μg/mL. Representative detection limits would
be approximately 0.01 to 0.03 μg/mL for lead and 0.0005 to
10.3 Fresh working solutions should be prepared daily.
0.0010 μg/mL for cadmium.
11. Procedure
8. Reagents
11.1 Preparation of Sample—Take six identical units and
8.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
cleanse each with a detergent rinse. Then rinse with tap water
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
followed by distilled water followed by air drying. Mark each
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
unit 7 mm below the rim. Record the internal volume of each
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
article in millilitres by filling from a graduated cylinder to
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
approximately 6 to 7 mm ( ⁄4 in.) of overflowing. Mark each
used provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
article, in a nondecorated area (if possible), 20 mm below the
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
rim on the outside.
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