ASTM C693-93(2013)

Standard Test Method for Density of Glass by Buoyancy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Density as a fundamental property of glass has basic significance. It is useful in the physical description of the glass and as essential data for research, development, engineering, and production.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of glasses at or near 25°C, by buoyancy.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2013
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• ICS: 81.040.30 - Glass products
• Technical Committee: C14 - Glass and Glass Products
• Drafting Committee: C14.04 - Physical and Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C693-93(2008) - Standard Test Method for Density of Glass by Buoyancy
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Replaced By: ASTM C693-93(2019) - Standard Test Method for Density of Glass by Buoyancy
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Referred By: ASTM C1285-21 - Standard Test Methods for Determining Chemical Durability of Nuclear, Hazardous, and Mixed Waste Glasses and Multiphase Glass Ceramics: The Product Consistency Test (PCT)
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C1926-23 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Dissolution Rate Using Stirred Dilute Reactor Conditions on Monolithic Samples
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Referred By: ASTM A901-19 - Standard Specification for Amorphous Magnetic Core Alloys, Semi-Processed Types
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C1662-18 - Standard Practice for Measurement of the Glass Dissolution Rate Using the Single-Pass Flow-Through Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Referred By: ASTM F3078-15 - Standard Test Method for Identification and Quantification of Lead in Paint and Similar Coating Materials using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (EDXRF)
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Referred By: ASTM F1538-03(2017) - Standard Specification for Glass and Glass Ceramic Biomaterials for Implantation
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Referred By: ASTM A912/A912M-11(2019) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method with Toroidal Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C693 − 93 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
Density of Glass by Buoyancy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C693; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5.4 Nickel-Chromium-Iron or Platinum-Alloy Wire, less
than 0.2-mm diameter for suspending the specimen either in a
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density
basket or a loop made of the same wire. The suspension wire
of glasses at or near 25°C, by buoyancy.
shall be cleaned by degreasing or heating in a vacuum. An
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
acceptable alternative method of cleaning the platinum-alloy
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
wire is to heat in an oxidizing gas flame until there is no longer
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
any color emitted from the gases passing around the wire.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.5 Weights, with accuracy of 0.1 mg.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.6 Barometer, with sensitivity of 1-mm Hg (optional, see
2. Referenced Documents
Note 3).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Reagent
E12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity
6.1 Distilled Water, fresh, boiled, and used within 24 h,
of Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)
allowed to stabilize at balance air temperature for at least 2 h
3. Terminology in the beaker.
3.1 Definitions:
7. Test Specimen
3.1.1 density of solids—the mass of a unit volume of a
7.1 Specimens weighing about 20 g, with a minimum of
material at a specified temperature. The units shall be stated as
seeds or other inclusions (Note 1), shall be taken or cut from
grams per cubic centimetre (see Terminology E12).
the sample object, preferably in cylindrical or rectangular bar
form with smooth, slightly rounded surfaces having no cracks
4. Significance and Use
or sharp edges.
4.1 Density as a fundamental property of glass has basic
NOTE 1—For a specimen of 20 g with a density of approximately 2.5
significance. It is useful in the physical description of the glass
g/cm , a gaseous void of diameter 2 mm will cause an error in measured
and as essential data for research, development, engineering,
density of 0.05 %.
and production.
7.2 The specimens shall be cleaned, handling them with
5. Apparatus tweezers throughout subsequent operations, by immersion
preferably in an ultrasonic bath of hot nitric acid, chromic-
5.1 Analytical Balance, with sensitivity and accuracy of 0.1
sulfuric acid, or organic degreasing solvent, followed by a
mg.
rinsing in alcohol and distilled water. For samples only soiled
5.2 Beaker, of convenient capacity (250 to 750 cm)tofit
by ordinary handling or exposure, adequate cleaning may be
inside the balance chamber and allow immersion of the basket
obtained using a warm 2 % volume MICRO-brand detergent,
or wire loop specimen holder in distilled water.
followed by a deionized or distilled water rinse.
5.3 Thermometers, calibrated (20 to 30°C), sensitive to
8. Procedure
0.1°C for determining air and water temperatures.
8.1 Hold the specimens and covered beaker of boiled
distilled water near the laboratory balance until the water has
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass
cooled to ambient temperature before weighing.
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.04 on
Physical and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally Bowman,H.A.,andSchoonover,R.M.,“ProcedureforHighPrecisionDensity
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C693 – 93 (2008). Determinations by HydrostaticWeighing.” Journal of Research, National Bureau of
DOI: 10.1520/C0693-93R13. Standards, Vol 71C, No. 3, July–August 1967, pp. 179–198.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Manufactured by International Products Corporation, PO Box 70, Burlington,
www.astm.org. NJ 08016.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C693 − 93 (2013)
TABLE 1 Density of Dry Air, g/cm
Pressure, mm Hg
Temperature,
°C
720 730 740 750 760 770
20 0.001 141 0.001 157 0.001 173 0.001 189 0.001 205 0.001 221
21 137 153 169 185 201 216
22 134 149 165 181 197 212
23 130 145 161 177 193 208
24 126 142 157 173 189 204
25 122 138 153 169 185 200
26 118 134 149 165 181 196
27 115 130 146 161 177 192
28 111 126 142 157 173 188
29 107 123 138 153 169 184
30 104 119 134 150 165 180
8.2 Read the laboratory air temperature to the nearest 1°C. W 5 W 2 W (1)
W T O
Read the barometric pressure to the nearest 1-mm Hg. A fixed
9.2 Calculate the glass density, ρ, at the average air-water
laboratory average barometric pressure estimate is an accept-
laboratory temperature, T , as follows:
L
able alternative to the barometric pressure measurement (see
~W ρ 2 W ρ !
A W W A
Note 3). Determine the density, ρ , of the air from Table 1.
A ρ 5 (2)
W 2 W
~ !
A W
8.3 Weigh the glass specimen in air to th
...