ASTM A518/A518M-99

Standard Specification for Corrosion-Resistant High-Silicon Iron Castings

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers high-silicon cast iron castings intended for corrosion-resistant service.  
1.2 This specification covers three grades as shown in Table 1. Selection of grade depends on the corrosive service to be experienced by the casting. All three grades are suited for application in severe corrosive environments. However, Grade 2 is particularly suited for application in strong chloride environments, and Grade 3 is recommended for impressed current anodes.  
1.3 A complete metric companion to Specification A518 has been developed-A518M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-1999
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A04 - Iron Castings
• Drafting Committee: A04.01 - Grey and White Iron Castings

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM A518/A518M-99(2003) - Standard Specification for Corrosion-Resistant High-Silicon Iron Castings
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM A861-04(2023) - Standard Specification for High-Silicon Iron Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999
• Referred By: ASTM A834-95(2020) - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial Use
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 518/A 518M – 99
Standard Specification for
Corrosion-Resistant High-Silicon Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 518/A 518M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
1. Scope
Element Composition, Weight %
1.1 This specification covers high-silicon cast iron castings
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3
intended for corrosion-resistant service.
1.2 This specification covers three grades as shown in Table Carbon 0.65–1.10 0.75–1.15 0.70–1.10
Manganese 1.50, max 1.50, max 1.50, max
1. Selection of grade depends on the corrosive service to be
Silicon 14.20–14.75 14.20–14.75 14.20–14.75
experienced by the casting. All three grades are suited for
Chromium 0.50, max 3.25–5.00 3.25–5.00
application in severe corrosive environments. However, Grade Molybdenum 0.50, max 0.40–0.60 0.20, max
Copper 0.50, max 0.50, max 0.50, max
2 is particularly suited for application in strong chloride
environments, and Grade 3 is recommended for impressed
current anodes.
the following information:
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue.
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
3.1.2 Grade of high-silicon cast iron (see Section 5).
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
3.1.3 Number of castings.
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
3.1.4 Approximate weight of the casting.
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
3.1.5 Drawing showing the size, shape, dimensions, and
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
finishing details. The drawing should indicate any critical
cation.
dimensions and should give the allowable tolerances on all
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
dimensions and on the accumulation of dimensions. If the
test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This
purchaser supplies the pattern, the dimensions of the casting
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
shall conform to those predicted by the pattern.
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
3.1.6 Options in this specification, including:
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
3.1.6.1 The status of the heat treatment of the castings when
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
shipped by the manufacturer (see Section 7).
tions prior to use.
3.1.6.2 If the chemical analysis and mechanical test results
are to be reported to the purchaser (see Section 14).
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.6.3 If a transverse test is required (see 8.1).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.6.4 If hydraulic testing is required, and, if required, the
A 438 Test Method for Transverse Testing of Gray Cast
test pressure and the leakage permitted (see 8.2).
Iron
3.1.6.5 Any special packing, markings, etc.
E 350 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel,
Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and
4. Method of Manufacture
Wrought Iron
4.1 The alloy may be produced by any melting and casting
E 351 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron—
process, or combination of processes, capable of meeting the
All Types
chemical composition and mechanical properties specified.
3. Ordering Information
5. Chemical Composition
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
5.1 High-silicon iron castings are produced in one of three
grades, as given in Table 1 of this specification.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
6. Chemical Analysis
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.01 on Grey and White
Iron Castings.
6.1 Heat Analysis—Chemical analysis of each heat (or each
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1999. Published December 1999. Originally
tap, if from a continuous melting operation) shall be made by
published as A 518 – 64. Last previous edition A 518 – 86 (1991).
the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05. specified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made from a test
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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A 518/A 518M
sample cast during the pouring of the heat (or tap). The (a) (a) Place the appropriate amount of weighed sample into
chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the a 600-mL Griffin beaker or 500-mL volumetric flask. Add 20
requirements specified for that grade in Table 1. mL of nitric acid (HNO ) and carefully add HF, dropwise, until
6.2 Product Analysis—A product analysis may be made by the reaction ceases. A TFE-fluorocarbon beaker may be used if
desired.
the purchaser from material representing each heat, lot, or
casting. The sample for such analysis shall be taken as desired (b) (b)Add 30 mLof1+1 sulfuric acid (H SO ),5mLof
2 4
phosphoric acid (H PO ), and boil until light fumes of H SO
by the purchaser. The chemical composition thus determined
3 4 2 4
shall meet the requirements for the grade specified. are present and the sample is completely dissolved.
(c) (c) Cool the solution, add 150 mL of water, heat to
6.3 Routine Analysis Methods—Spectrometric and other
dissolve if necessary, and continue as in Test Methods E 350.
instrumental methods or wet chemical laboratory methods are
6.4.6 Copper:
acceptable for routine and control determinations, but shall be
standardized against and give essentially the same results as the 6.4.6.1 Mill, lathe, or pulverize the sample to pass through
a 100-mesh sieve.
methods specified in 6.4.
6.4.6.2 Determine the copper in accordance with the sec-
6.4 Reference Analysis Methods:
tions on Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition
6.4.1 Silicon:
Gravimetric Method in Test Methods E 350, or
6.4.1.1 Analyze samples soluble when processed in accor-
6.4.6.3 Determine the copper in accordance with the sec-
dance with Test Methods E 350, by that method, except as
tions on Copper by the Neocuproine Photometric Method, in
follows:
Test Methods E 350. Add HF as required for complete solution
(a) (a) The sample weight shall be 0.3 g with a weight
of the sample.
tolerance of 60.1 mg.
(b) (b) Pulverize one or more pieces of the sample until the
7. Heat Treatment
entire material in the piece or pieces passes through a 100-
7.1 High-silicon iron castings are generally used in the
mesh screen.
heat-treated (stress-relieved) condition. Small castings of
(c) (c) Dissolve the sample in 25 mL of perchloric acid.
simple configuration not conducive to high-residual stresses
6.4.1.2 Analyze samples that are not soluble when pro-
may be used in the as-cast condition. If the castings are to be
cessed in accordance with 6.4.1.1 in accordance with Annex
supplied in the stress-relieved condition, the purchaser must so
A1.
specify.
6.4.2 Molybdenum:
7.2 At its option, the foundry may heat treat the castings to
6.4.2.1 Mill, lathe, or pulverize the sample to pass through
remove stresses without the purchaser so specifying.
a 100-mesh sieve. If the sample is soluble when processed in
7.3 If used, the stress-relieving heat treatment shall be as
accordance with Test Methods E 350, use this method.
follows:
6.4.2.2 If the sample is not acid-soluble when processed in
7.3.1 Heat at a rate that will not crack the castings.
accordance with 6.4.2.1, proceed as follows:
7.3.2 Hold the castings at a minimum temperature of
(a) (a) Use the appropriate weight of sample in accordance
1600°F [870°C] for a minimum period of 1 h/in. [mm] of
with 6.4.2.1 instead of the weight given in A1.2.3 of Annex A1.
maximum section thickness, except that in no case shall the
(b) (b) Fuse the sample in accordance with A1.2.1 and
holding period be less than 2 h.
A1.2.2 and A1.2.4-A1.2.12 of Annex A1.
7.3.3 Cool the castings to 400°F [205°C] maximum at a rate
(c) (c) Add the amount of dissolving acid(s), specified in the
not faster than 100°F [55°C]/15 min.
sections in Molybdenum by the Photometric Method in Test
7.3.4 From 400°F [205°C] to ambient temperature, the
Methods E 350, heat to fumes of perchloric acid. Proceed in
castings may be cooled in still ambient air.
accordance with Test Methods E 350.
6.4.3 Carbon—Determine carbon in accordance with sec- 8. Mechanical Requirements
tions on Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric
8.1 Transverse Bend Test:
Method, in Test Methods E 350.
8.1.1 When specified by the purchaser, the silicon-iron alloy
6.4.4 Manganese:
shall be given a transverse bend test. The specimen tested shall
6.4.4.1 Mill, lathe, or pulverize the sample to pass through
meet the test requirements prescribed in Table 2.
a 100-mesh sieve.
8.1.2 When transverse bend tests are specified, test bars
6.4.4.2 Determine manganese in accordance with the sec-
shall be made and tested from each heat (or ladle in the case of
tions on Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimet-
continuous melting) from which the castings are poured.
ric Method in Test Methods E 350. Add hydrofluoric acid as
8.1.3 The test bars shall be heat treated in the production
required for complete solution of the (HF) sample.
furnaces to the same procedure as the castings.
6.4.5 Chromium:
8.1.4 Each test bar shall be permanently marked with the
6.4.5.1 Mill, lathe, or pulverize the sample to pass through
a 100-mesh sieve. TABLE 2 Transverse Bend Test Minimum Requirements
6.4.5.2 Determine chromium in accordance with the sec-
NOTE 1—Test bars are to be tested on supports 12 in. [3.5 mm] apart.
tions on Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimet-
Load at center, min, lbf [N] 930 [4090]
ric Method in Test Methods E 350, except dissolve the sample
Deflection at center, min, in. [mm] 0.026 [0.66]
as follows:
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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A 518/A 518M
heat or ladle number from which it was poured. Marking shall
be accomplished with cast digits, with a vibratory marking
tool, or with a felt-point pen using indelible ink.
8.2 Hydrostatic Test—When specified by the purchaser,
subject the castings for critical applications involving pressure
or vacuum conditions to a hydrostatic pressure test at a
minimum of 40 psig [275 kPa]. Any leak revealed by this test
shall be cause for rejection of the casting. NOTE 1—It is recommended that the casting be mold-cooled to below
1000°F [540°C] before shakeout, and that the test bars be stress-relieved
9. Transverse Bend Test Method
before transverse testing.
FIG. 2 Transverse Bend Test Bar Dimensions
9.1 When a requirement for transverse bend tests has been
agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the
manufacturer shall test transverse bend bar(s) from each heat. 9.2.6 Apply the load at a rate such that a 0.025-in. [0.65-
9.2 Conduct the transverse bend test in accordance with
mm] deflection is produced in 50 to 70 s. Continue loading at
Method A 438, except as follows: the same head-movement rate until the specimen fractures.
9.2.1 Do not machine the specimen.
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
9.2.2 The specimen shall be sufficiently smooth, round, and
straight to permit testing without machining. 10.1 The workmanship and finish shall be as agreed upon
9.2.3 Produce the specimen in accordance with Fig. 1. between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
9.2.4 The specimen shall conform to the dimensions shown
11. Number of Tests and Retests
in Fig. 2.
9.2.5 Report the actual breaking load without use of a 11.1 If a valid test specimen fails to conform to this
specification, two retests shall be made. If either retest fails to
correction factor. The requirements of Table 2 allow for
deviation due to variations in test bar diameter. In the same conform to this specification, the castings represented by these
sense, measure and report the deflection at fracture without test bars shall be rejected.
correction. 11.2 If after testing, a test specimen shows evidence of a
FIG. 1 Suggested Pattern for Transverse Bend Test Bar, Cast Horizontally, 1.20 in. [30.5 mm] in Diameter
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A 518/A 518M
defect, the results of the test may be regarded as invalid and the test report by the purchaser. The manufacturer shall be
another test made. advised within one week of purchaser’s discovery of material
11.3 In the absence of further separately cast test bars, the
that contains injurious defects. The purchaser shall hold the
manufacturer shall have the option of submitting test bars
material a minimum of 30 days pending action by the manu-
sectioned from an agreed-upon position in the castings.
facturer.
11.4 If reheat treatment is required to meet the specification,
13.2 Rehearing—Samples tested in accordance with this
castings and their representative test bars shall be reheat treated
specification that represent rejected material shall be preserved
together. Testing will then proceed as in 11.1, 11.2, and 11.3.
for two weeks from the date of the test report. In case of
dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the manufacturer
12. Inspection
may make a claim for a rehearing within that time.
12.1 When specified in the purchase order, the inspector
representing the purchaser shall have access to the material
14. Certification
subject to inspection for the purpose of witnessing the selection
of the samples, the preparation of the test pieces, and the
14.1 When specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer
performance of the test(s). For such tests, the inspector shall
shall provide the purchaser with a certification stating that the
have the right to indicate the pieces from which the samples
castings meet the specified requirements. The certification shall
will be taken in accordance with the provisions of this
include the results of any chemical analyses and mechanical
specification.
tests.
12.2 The manufacturer shall inspect the material covered by
this spe
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