ASTM D95-05(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A knowledge of the water content of petroleum products is important in the refining, purchase, sale, and transfer of products.
The amount of water as determined by this test method (to the nearest 0.05 or 0.1 volume %, depending on the trap size used) may be used to correct the volume involved in the custody transfer of petroleum products and bituminous materials.
The allowable amount of water may be specified in contracts.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in the range from 0 to 25 % volume in petroleum products, tars, and other bituminous materials by the distillation method.
Note 1—Volatile water-soluble material, if present, may be measured as water.
1.2 The specific products considered during the development of this test method are listed in Table 1. For bituminous emulsions refer to Test Method D244. For crude oils, refer to Test Method D4006 (API MPMS Chapter 10.2).
Note 2—With some types of oil, satisfactory results may be obtained from Test Method D1796 (API MPMS Chapter 10.6).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D95 − 05(Reapproved 2010) Highway Transportation Standard
AASHTO No. T55
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 10.5
Designation: 74/82 (88)
Standard Test Method for
Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by
Distillation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D95; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in
D4006 Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation
the range from 0 to 25 % volume in petroleum products, tars,
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
and other bituminous materials by the distillation method.
Petroleum Products
NOTE 1—Volatile water-soluble material, if present, may be measured
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
as water.
Petroleum Products
1.2 The specific products considered during the develop-
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
ment of this test method are listed in Table 1. For bituminous
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
emulsions refer to Test Method D244. For crude oils, refer to
E123 SpecificationforApparatusforDeterminationofWater
Test Method D4006 (API MPMS Chapter 10.2).
by Distillation
NOTE 2—With some types of oil, satisfactory results may be obtained 2.2 API Standards:
from Test Method D1796 (API MPMS Chapter 10.6).
MPMS Chapter 8.1 Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4057)
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
MPMS Chapter 8.2 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4177)
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
MPMS Chapter 8.3 Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D5854)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
MPMSChapter10.2 DeterminationofWaterinCrudeOilby
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
the Distillation Method (ASTM Test Method D4006)
statements, see Section 6.
MPMS Chapter 10.6 Test Method forWater and Sediment in
2. Referenced Documents Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Proce-
2 dure) (ASTM Test Method D1796)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3.1.1 bituminous material, n—in petroleum technology,a
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum
Measurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ, the
black or dark-colored very viscous liquid or semi-solid com-
joint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer
posed principally of high molecular weight condensed
(Joint ASTM-API).
aromatic, or naphthenic compounds, or both.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D95–05. DOI:
10.1520/D0095-05R10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Published as Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards. Available from
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AmericanPetroleumInstitute(API),1220L.St.,NW,Washington,DC20005-4070,
the ASTM website. http://www.api.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D95 − 05 (2010)
4. Summary of Test Method 6.2 Solvent Blank—Thewatercontentofthesolventshallbe
determined by distilling an equivalent amount of the same
4.1 The material to be tested is heated under reflux with a
solventusedforthetestsampleinthedistillationapparatusand
water-immiscible solvent, which co-distills with the water in
testingasoutlinedinSection10.Theblankshallbedetermined
the sample. Condensed solvent and water are continuously
to the nearest scale division and used to correct the volume of
separated in a trap, the water settling in the graduated section
water in the trap in Section 11.
of the trap and the solvent returning to the still.
7. Apparatus
5. Significance and Use
7.1 General—Theapparatuscomprisesaglassormetalstill,
5.1 Aknowledgeofthewatercontentofpetroleumproducts
a heater, a reflux condenser, and a graduated glass trap. The
is important in the refining, purchase, sale, and transfer of
still, trap, and condenser may be connected by any suitable
products.
method that produces a leakproof joint. Preferred connections
5.2 The amount of water as determined by this test method
are ground joints for glass and O-rings for metal to glass.
(to the nearest 0.05 or 0.1 volume %, depending on the trap
Typical assemblies are illustrated in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3.
size used) may be used to correct the volume involved in the
The stills and traps should be chosen to cover the range of
custody transfer of petroleum products and bituminous mate-
materials and water contents expected. On assembly, care shall
rials.
be taken to prevent the joints from freezing or sticking.Always
5.3 The allowable amount of water may be specified in
apply a very thin film of stopcock grease to prevent the
contracts.
glassware joints from seizing.
7.2 Still—A glass or metal vessel with a short neck and
6. Solvent-Carrier Liquid
suitable joint for accommodating the reflux tube of the trap
6.1 Asolvent-carrierliquidappropriatetothematerialbeing
shall be used. Vessels of 500, 1000, and 2000-mL nominal
tested (see Table 1) shall be used.
capacity have proved satisfactory.
6.1.1 Aromatic Solvent—The following aromatic solvents
7.3 Heater—Asuitable gas burner or electric heater may be
are acceptable:
used with the glass still. A gas ring burner with ports on the
6.1.1.1 Industrial Grade Xylene—(Warning—Flammable.
inside circumference shall be used with the metal still. The gas
Vapor harmful.)
ring burner shall be of such dimensions that it may be moved
6.1.1.2 Ablendof20volume %industrialgradetolueneand
upanddownthevesselwhentestingmaterialsthatarelikelyto
80 volume % industrial grade xylene. (Warning—Flammable.
foam or solidify in the still.
Vapor harmful.)
6.1.1.3 Petroleum Naphtha or Coal Tar Naphtha, free of
7.4 Glassware—Dimensions and descriptions of typical
water, yielding not more than 5% distillates at 125°C (257°F)
glassware for use in this test method are provided in Specifi-
and not less than 20% at 160°C (320°F) and with a relative
cation E123.
density (specific gravity) not lower than 0.8545 at 15.56/
NOTE 3—Instead of standardizing on a particular apparatus specifica-
15.56°C (60/60°F). (Warning—Extremely flammable. Harm-
tion with respect to dimensions and style, a given apparatus will be
ful if inhaled. Vapors may cause fire.)
deemed satisfactory when accurate results are obtained by the standard
6.1.2 Petroleum Distillate Solvent—A petroleum distillate addition technique described in Section 9.
solvent, 5% boiling between 90 and 100°C (194 and 212°F)
and90%distillingbelow210°C(410°F),shallbeused.Percent
may be determined by mass or by volume. (Warning—
Flammable. Vapor harmful.)
6.1.3 Volatile Spirits Solvent—The following volatile spirits
solvents are acceptable:
6.1.3.1 Petroleum Spirit, with a boiling range from 100 to
120°C (212 to 248°F). (Warning—Flammable. Vapor harm-
ful.)
6.1.3.2 Iso-octane, of 95% purity or better. (Warning—
Extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Vapors may cause
fire.)
TABLE 1 Type of Solvent-Carrier Liquid Versus Material to Be
Tested
Type of Solvent-Carrier Liquid Material to be Tested
Aromatic asphalt, tar, coal tar, water gas tar, road
tar, cut-back bitumin, liquid asphalt, tar
acid
Petroleum distillate road oil, fuel oil, lubricating oil, petroleum
sulfonates
Volatile spirits lubricating grease
FIG. 1 Typical Assembly with Glass Still
D95 − 05 (2010)
9.1.2 In styles E and F, as specified in Table 2, each major
subdivision (0.1 mL, 1.0 mL, 2.0 mL, 4.0 mL, and 5.0 mL in
the case of Style E; 0.05 mL, 0.5 mL, 1.0 mL, 1.5 mL, and 2.0
mL in the case of Style F) shall be verified.
9.2 The entire glassware assembly shall be verified prior to
first use and at a regular frequency thereafter as follows.
9.2.1 Put400mLofdry(0.02%watermaximum)xyleneor
the solvent to be utilized in the analysis of unknown samples
into the apparatus and test in accordance with Section 10.
When complete, discard the contents of the trap and add the
volume of water as specified as first test in Table 3 directly to
the distillation flask and test in accordance with Section 10.
9.2.2 Repeat the test in 9.2.1, and add the volume specified
as second test in Table 3 directly to the flask. The assembly of
the apparatus is satisfactory only if the trap readings are within
the tolerances specified in Table 3.
9.3 A reading outside the permissible limits suggests a
malfunction resulting from vapor leaks, too rapid boiling,
FIG. 2 Two-millilitre Receiver Showing Alterna
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