ASTM F2945-18(2023)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Polyamide 11 Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
Standard Specification for Polyamide 11 Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements and test methods for the characterization of polyamide 11 pipe, tubing, and fittings for use in fuel gas piping. The pipe and fittings covered by this specification are intended for use in the transport of fuel gases. This specification does not cover threaded pipe. The polyamide 11 material used to make pipe and fittings shall be virgin or reworked material and shall have a Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) long-term hydrostatic design stress and hydrostatic design basis rating as determined per PPI TR3 and PPI TR4. This specification deals with requirements for materials, requirements for pipe and fittings, test methods, marking, and quality Assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for the characterization of polyamide 11 pipe, tubing, and fittings for use in fuel gas pipelines. The pipe and fittings covered by this specification are intended for use in the distribution and transmission of fuel gases.
1.1.1 This specification does not cover threaded pipe. Generic fusion guidelines are given in Appendix X1. Design considerations are discussed in Appendix X2. In-plant quality control programs are specified in Annex A1.
1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
Note 1: Heat fusion joining of PA11 pipe and fittings meeting the requirements of this standard is limited to PA11 pipe and fittings meeting the requirements of this standard. Heat Fusion joining of PA11 pipe and fittings meeting the requirements of this standard is not allowed to pipes and fittings made from any other thermoplastic materials (for example, PA12, PEs, PVCs, etc.).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following is an index of the annexes and appendixes in this specification:
Annexes
Subject
Annex A1
In-Plant Quality Control for sizes up to 12 in.
Annex A2
PA-11 Butt Fusion Fittings
Appendixes
Subject
Appendix X1
Butt Fusion Guidelines for PA-11 Piping
Appendix X2
Design Consideration
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2945 − 18 (Reapproved 2023) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Polyamide 11 Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2945; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
for the characterization of polyamide 11 pipe, tubing, and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
fittings for use in fuel gas pipelines. The pipe and fittings
covered by this specification are intended for use in the
2. Referenced Documents
distribution and transmission of fuel gases.
1.1.1 This specification does not cover threaded pipe. Ge-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
neric fusion guidelines are given in Appendix X1. Design
D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
considerations are discussed in Appendix X2. In-plant quality
Chemical Reagents
control programs are specified in Annex A1.
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These
D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics
notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
not be considered as requirements of the specification.
D789 Test Method for Determination of Relative Viscosity
NOTE 1—Heat fusion joining of PA11 pipe and fittings meeting the
of Concentrated Polyamide (PA) Solutions
requirements of this standard is limited to PA11 pipe and fittings meeting
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
the requirements of this standard. Heat Fusion joining of PA11 pipe and
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
fittings meeting the requirements of this standard is not allowed to pipes
als
and fittings made from any other thermoplastic materials (for example,
PA12, PEs, PVCs, etc.).
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Under Constant Internal Pressure
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic
and are not considered standard.
Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
1.4 The following is an index of the annexes and appendixes
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-
in this specification:
tics
Annexes Subject
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
Annex A1 In-Plant Quality Control for sizes up to 12 in.
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
Annex A2 PA-11 Butt Fusion Fittings
Appendixes Subject
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
Appendix X1 Butt Fusion Guidelines for PA-11 Piping
D2290 Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength of
Appendix X2 Design Consideration
Plastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D2774 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplas-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tic Pressure Piping
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure Design Basis
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for Thermoplastic Pipe Products
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.60 on Gas. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F2945–18. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D2945–18R23. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2945 − 18 (2023)
D3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and Enthal- ISO 527–2 Determination of tensile properties - Part 2: Test
pies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by Differ- conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics
ential Scanning Calorimetry ISO 1183 Methods for determining the density of non-
D4066 Classification System for Nylon Injection and Extru- cellular plastics - Part 1: Immersion method, liquid py-
sion Materials (PA) knometer method and titration method
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems ISO 22621 Part 1 Plastics piping systems for the supply of
F1025 Guide for Selection and Use of Full-Encirclement- gaseous fuels for maximum operating pressure up to and
Type Band Clamps for Reinforcement or Repair of Punc- including 2 MPa (20 bar)–Polyamide (PA): General
tures or Holes in Polyethylene Gas Pressure Pipe ISO 13478 Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of
F1563 Specification for Tools to Squeeze-off Polyethylene fluids- Determination of resistance to rapid crack propa-
(PE) Gas Pipe or Tubing gation (RCP) - Full-scale test (FST)
F1733 Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyamide(PA)
2.6 Plastic Pipe Institute:
Plastic Fitting for Polyamide(PA) Plastic Pipe and Tubing
PPI TR3 Policies and Procedures for Developing Hydro-
F1973 Specification for Factory Assembled Anodeless Ris-
static Design Basis (HDB), Pressure Design Basis (PDB),
ers and Transition Fittings in Polyethylene (PE) and
Strength Design Basis (SDB), and Minimum Required
Polyamide 11 (PA11) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) Fuel Gas
Strength (MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Mate-
Distribution Systems
rials or Pipe
F2138 Specification for Excess Flow Valves for Natural Gas
PPI TR4 Hydrostatic Design Bases and Maximum Recom-
Service
mended Hydrostatic Design Stresses for Thermoplastic
F2145 Specification for Polyamide 11 (PA 11) and Poly-
Piping Materials
amide 12 (PA12) Mechanical Fittings for Use on Outside
PPI TN7 Nature of Hydrostatic Stress Rupture Curves
Diameter Controlled Polyamide 11 and Polyamide 12 Pipe
PPI TR9 Recommended Design Factors for Pressure Appli-
and Tubing
cations of Thermoplastic Pipe Materials
F2600 Specification for Electrofusion Type Polyamide-11
PPI TR-45 Butt Fusion Joining Procedures for Field Joining
Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyamide-11
of Polyamide-11
Pipe and Tubing
F2897 Specification for Tracking and Traceability Encoding
3. Terminology
System of Natural Gas Distribution Components (Pipe,
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
Tubing, Fittings, Valves, and Appurtenances)
nology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-
2.2 ANSI Standards:
nology D1600, unless otherwise specified.
B 16.40 Manually Operated Thermoplastic Gas Shutoffs and
3.2 The gas industry terminology used in this specification
Valves in Gas Distribution Systems
is in accordance with ANSI B31.8 or CFR OPS Part 192 Title
B 31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems
49, unless otherwise indicated.
2.3 Federal Specifications:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
3.3 The term pipe used herein refers to both pipe and tubing
OPS Part 192 Title 49, Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations
unless specifically stated otherwise.
2.4 Military Standards:
3.4 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
3.4.1 re-rounding equipment, n—equipment used to reform
MIL-STD-1235 (ORD) Single- and Multi-Level Continuous
the pipe and permanently reduce ovality to 5 % or less.
Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attri-
3.4.2 rounding equipment, n—equipment, devices, clamps,
butes
7 and so forth, used to temporarily hold the pipe round while
2.5 ISO Standards:
out-of-roundness measurements are made, or a joining proce-
ISO 75–1 Plastics - Determination of temperature of deflec-
dure (heat fusion, electrofusion, or mechanical) is performed.
tion under load - Part 1: General test method
3.4.3 standard thermoplastic material designated code,
ISO 75–2 Determination of temperature of deflection under
n—the pipe material designation code shall consist of the
load - Part 2: Plastics and ebonite
abbreviation for the polyamide (PA) followed by Arabic
ISO 179/1eA Determination of Charpy impact properties.
numerals which describe the short term properties in accor-
Non-instrumented impact test
dance with Classifications from Table 2 followed by the
ISO 527–1 Determination of tensile properties - Part 1:
hydrostatic design stress for water at 73.4 °F (23 °C) in units of
General principles
100 psi with any decimal figures dropped. Where the hydro-
static design stress code contains less than two figures, a zero
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
is used before the number. Thus, a complete material designa-
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
tion code shall consist of two letters and five figures for
Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St.,
NW, Washington, DC 20401, http://www.gpo.gov.
polyamide 11 materials. For example, PA 32316 is a polyamide
DLA Document Services Building 4/D 700 Robbins Avenue Philadelphia, PA
19111-5094 http://quicksearch.dla.mil/
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:// Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,
www.iso.ch. Irving, TX 75062, http://www.plasticpipe.org.
F2945 − 18 (2023)
TABLE 1 Sustained Pressure
requirements of this specification shall exist and be supplied to
Test PA 32312 PA 32316 the purchaser, if requested.
Min Hr.
Temperature Hoop Stress Hoop Stress
73 F ± 3.6 F 1000 hr 2800 psi 3200 psi
5. Requirements for Pipe and Fittings
(23 C ± 2 C) (19 MPa) (22 MPa)
176 F ± 3.6 F 100 hr 1850 psi 1850 psi
5.1 General—Pipe shall be supplied in either coils or
(80 C ± 2 C) (12.7 MPa) (12.7 MPa)
straight lengths. Any pipe supplied in coils must meet the same
requirements before and after coiling.
5.2 Workmanship—The pipe and fittings shall be homoge-
neous throughout and free of visible cracks, holes, foreign
11 with a 1600 psi design stress for water at 73.4 °F (23 °C).
inclusion, blisters, and dents, or other injurious defects. The
The hydrostatic design stresses for gas are not used in this
pipe and fittings shall be as uniform as commercially practi-
designation code.
cable in color, opacity, density, and other physical properties.
3.4.4 thermoplastic pipe dimension ratio (DR), n—the ratio
5.3 Pipe and Tubing Dimensions and Tolerances:
of pipe diameter to wall thickness. It is calculated by dividing
5.3.1 Dimension—The dimensions shall be specified by
the specified outside diameter of the pipe, in inches, by the
wall thickness and outside diameter.
minimum specified wall thickness, in inches. The standard
dimension ratio (SDR) is a common numbering system which
5.3.1.1 Diameters—The outside diameter shall meet the
is derived from the ANSI preferred number series R 10.
requirements given in Table 4 or Table 5 when measured in
accordance with 6.5.
3.4.5 toe-in, n—a small reduction of the outside diameter at
5.3.1.2 Toe-In—When measured in accordance with 6.5.1.1,
the cut end of a length of thermoplastic pipe.
the outside diameter at the cut end of the pipe shall not be more
4. Requirements for Materials than 1.5 % smaller than the undistorted outside diameter.
Measurement of the undistorted outside diameter shall be made
4.1 General—The polyamide 11 material used to make pipe
no closer than 1.5 pipe diameters or 11.8 in. (300 mm),
and fittings shall be virgin or reworked material (see 4.5) and
whichever distance is less, from the cut end of the pipe.
shall have a Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) long-term hydrostatic
Undistorted outside diameter shall meet the requirements of
design stress and hydrostatic design basis rating as determined
Table 4 or Table 5.
per PPI TR3 and PPI TR4.
5.3.1.3 Wall Thickness—The wall thickness shall be as
4.2 Classification—Polyamide materials suitable for use in
specified in Table 5 or Table 6 when measured in accordance
the manufacturing of pipe and fittings under this specification
with 6.5.1.2. The minimum wall thickness at any point of
shall be classified in accordance with Classification D4066-
measurement shall be not less than the minimum wall thickness
94b, as shown in Table 2.
specified in Table 5 or Table 6.
4.3 Short- and Long-Term Properties—Polyamide 11 pipe
5.3.1.4 Wall Thickness Eccentricity Range—The wall thick-
and fittings shall be made from a Polyamide 11 material which
ness eccentricity range shall be within 12 % when measured in
also satisfies the combinations of short- and long-term property
accordance with 6.5.1.3.
requirements shown in Table 3.
5.3.1.5 Ovality—The ovality (cross section) of 3 in. IPS
(88.9 mm) and smaller pipe shall not exceed 5 % when
4.4 Resistance to Rapid Crack Propagation (RCP) for
measured in accordance with 6.5.3. Measurements of coiled
Materials—The material classification (formulation) used in
pipe shall be made on a sample cut from the coil, and in case
the manufacture of pipe and fittings under this specification
of disagreement, conditioned per 6.3.
shall be tested for resistance to failure by RCP in accordance
with 6.6. The data obtained shall be made available upon
NOTE 2—Other factors, that is, installation compaction, static soil
request without limitations on disclosure, and shall not subse-
loading, and dynamic vehicular loads may increase the ovality; t
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