ASTM D7005/D7005M-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Bond Strength (Ply Adhesion) of Geocomposites This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties. Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as –03(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D7005_D7005M-15.
Standard Test Method for Determining the Bond Strength (Ply Adhesion) of Geocomposites <para>This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee <commdesig >D35</commdesig> on <commtitle>Geosynthetics</commtitle> and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee <subdesig>D35.01</subdesig> on <subtitle >Mechanical Properties</subtitle>.</para> <para>Current edition approved <apprdate>July 1, 2015</apprdate>. Published <pubdate>July 2015</pubdate>. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as <astmref design="D7005" ></astmref>–03(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D7005_D7005M-15.</para></fn >
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is to be used as a quality control or quality assurance test. As a manufacturing quality control (MQC) test, it would generally be used by the geocomposite product manufacturer or fabricator. As a construction quality assurance (CQA) test, it would be used by certification or inspection organizations.
5.2 This test method can also be used to verify if the adhesion or bond strength varies after exposure to various incubation media in durability or chemical resistance testing, or both.
5.3 Whatever use is to be associated with the test, it should be understood that this is an index test.
Note 2: There have been numerous attempts to relate the results of this test to the interface shearing resistance of the respective materials determined per Test Method D5321/D5321M. To date, no relationships have been established between the two properties.
5.4 Test Method D7005/D7005M for determining the bond strength (ply adhesion) strength may be used as an acceptance test of commercial shipments of geocomposites, but caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.4.1 are advisable.
5.4.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using the procedure in Test Method D7005/D7005M for acceptance of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should first confirm that the tests were conducted using comparable test parameters including specimen conditioning, grip faces, grip size, etc. Comparative tests should then be conducted to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of the material in question. The test specimens should be randomly assigned to each laboratory for testing. The average results from ...
SCOPE
1.1 It has been widely discussed in the literature that bond strength of flexible multi-ply materials is difficult to measure with current technology. The above is recognized and accepted, since all known methods of measurement include the force required to bend the separated layers, in addition to that required to separate them. However, useful information can be obtained when one realizes that the bending force is included and that direct comparison between different materials, or even between the same materials of different thickness, cannot be made. Also, conditioning that affects the moduli of the plies will be reflected in the bond strength measurement.
1.2 This index test method defines a procedure for comparing the bond strength or ply adhesion of geocomposites. The focus is on geotextiles bonded to geonets or other types of drainage cores; for example, geomats, geospacers, etc. Other possible uses are geotextiles adhered or bonded to themselves, geomembranes, geogrids, or other dissimilar materials. Various processes can make such laminates: adhesives, thermal bonding, stitch bonding, needling, spread coating, etc.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 11.1.1.
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Designation: D7005/D7005M − 15
StandardTest Method for
Determining the Bond Strength (Ply Adhesion) of
1
Geocomposites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7005/D7005M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 It has been widely discussed in the literature that bond
2.1 ASTM Standards:
strength of flexible multi-ply materials is difficult to measure D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for
withcurrenttechnology.Theaboveisrecognizedandaccepted,
Textiles
since all known methods of measurement include the force D2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for
3
required to bend the separated layers, in addition to that
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
required to separate them. However, useful information can be D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
obtained when one realizes that the bending force is included
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
and that direct comparison between different materials, or even D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
between the same materials of different thickness, cannot be
D5321/D5321M Test Method for Determining the Shear
made. Also, conditioning that affects the moduli of the plies Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-
will be reflected in the bond strength measurement.
Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct Shear
1.2 This index test method defines a procedure for compar-
3. Terminology
ing the bond strength or ply adhesion of geocomposites. The
focus is on geotextiles bonded to geonets or other types of
3.1 Definitions:
drainage cores; for example, geomats, geospacers, etc. Other
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics—air maintained
possible uses are geotextiles adhered or bonded to themselves,
at a relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and a temperature of
geomembranes, geogrids, or other dissimilar materials.Various
21 6 2°C [70 6 4°F].
processes can make such laminates: adhesives, thermal
3.1.2 bond strength (ply adhesion)—amount of force re-
bonding, stitch bonding, needling, spread coating, etc.
quired(perunitwidth)toseparatepliesofmaterialormaterials
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
in peeling mode plus the force to bend the plies.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.3 geocomposite—a product composed of two or more
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
materials, at least one of which is a geosynthetic.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.4 geomat/geospacer—any three dimensional, polymeric
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
material used with soil, rock, or other geotechnical engineering
with the standard.
related material as an integral part of a man-made project,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
structure, or system.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.5 geonet—a geosynthetic consisting of integrally con-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
nected parallel sets of ribs overlying similar sets at various
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
angles for planar drainage of liquids or gases.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary statements are given in 11.1.1.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
cal Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approved the ASTM website.
3
in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7005–03(2008). DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D7005_D7005M-15. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7005/D7005M − 15
3.1.6 geosynthetic—a planar product manufactured from minimum, the two parties should take a group of test speci-
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo- mens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a
technical engineering related material as an integral part of a lot of the material in question. The test specimens should be
man-made project structure,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7005 − 03 (Reapproved 2008) D7005/D7005M − 15
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Bond Strength (Ply Adhesion) of
1
Geocomposites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7005;D7005/D7005M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 It has been widely discussed in the literature that bond strength of flexible multi-ply materials is difficult to measure with
current technology. The above is recognized and accepted, since all known methods of measurement include the force required to
bend the separated layers, in addition to that required to separate them. However, useful information can be obtained when one
realizes that the bending force is included and that direct comparison between different materials, or even between the same
materials of different thickness, cannot be made. Also, conditioning that affects the moduli of the plies will be reflected in the bond
strength measurement.
1.2 This index test method defines a procedure for comparing the bond strength or ply adhesion of geocomposites. The focus
is on geotextiles bonded to geonets or other types of drainage cores; for example, geomats, geospacers, etc. Other possible uses
are geotextiles adhered or bonded to themselves, geomembranes, geogrids, or other dissimilar materials. Various processes can
make such laminates: adhesives, thermal bonding, stitch bonding, needling, spread coating, etc.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
parentheses are provided for information purposes only.stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 11.1.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
3
D2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D5321D5321/D5321M Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic
Interfaces by Direct Shear
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics—air maintained at a relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and a temperature of 21
6 2°C [70 6 4°F].
3.1.2 bond strength (ply adhesion)—amount of force required (per unit width) to separate plies of material or materials in
peeling mode plus the force to bend the plies.
3.1.2 necking—localized reduction in cross section, which may occur in a material under tensile stress.
3.1.3 geocomposite—a product composed of two or more materials, at least one of which is a geosynthetic.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008July 1, 2015. Published October 2008July 2015. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
D7005D7005–03(2008).–03. DOI: 10.1520/D7005-03R08.10.1520/D7005_D7005M-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7005/D7005M − 15
3.1.4 geosynthetic—geomat/geospacer—a planar product manufactured from any three dimensional, polymeric material used
with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical engineering related material as an integ
...
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