ASTM D1975-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress Crack Resistance of Plastic Injection Molded Open Head Pails
Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress Crack Resistance of Plastic Injection Molded Open Head Pails
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These procedures provide an indication of the environmental stress-crack resistance of injection molded open head pails, covers, and components from a selected group or lot. Provided the thermal history of each container is constant, this test method may be used for determining the applicability of various plastic resins and mold designs for injection molding of open head pails and covers.
5.2 The environmental stress-crack that occurs is indicative of what results when a container is exposed to agents such as soaps, organics, or any surface active solutions while under environmental conditions of stress.
5.3 Environmental stress-cracking is a mechanism of chemical attack that is highly dependent upon the test reagent, resin, container manufacturing or processing history, exposure temperature, applied stress, and other factors. The combination of these factors may result in eventual stress-crack failure.
5.4 Procedure A minimizes the potential for test variability by providing the user with rigidly defined test conditions. This test method may be used for production quality control of injection molded open head containers.
5.5 Procedure B allows the user to select and evaluate extreme individual elements or the interaction of several test levels on container performance. These conditions are established based on laboratory experience and available knowledge of the distribution environment. This test method may be used for identifying critical stresses which could aid in container design or help in minimizing the occurrence of these stresses during distribution.
5.6 This test method is intended only as a pass/fail procedure in accordance with the user's specification, or as agreed upon between the user and the supplier. It is not intended as a predictor or indicator of field performance regarding time to failure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for an indication of the environmental stress crack resistance of plastic injection molded open head pails, covers, and components as a summation of the effects of container design, resin, manufacturing conditions, field performance, and other factors.
1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate a container's resistance to mechanical failure by cracking when in the presence of chemical and physical stresses.
1.3 Two procedures are provided as follows:
1.3.1 Procedure A, Specified Stress-Crack Resistance Test Method—This procedure is particularly useful for quality control since the conditions of the test are specified.
1.3.2 Procedure B, User Selected Stress-Crack Resistance Test Method—This procedure allows individual selection of test levels and is particularly useful as a design and development tool.
1.4 These procedures are not designed to test the ability of the cover gasketing material or closure to retain the test reagent. Loss or leakage of the reagent through these openings does not constitute container failure. However, this may indicate an internal pressure loss that might affect test results.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.2, 10.2.3, 10.2.4, 10.2.6, and 10.2.8.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trad...
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1975 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Environmental Stress Crack Resistance of Plastic Injection
1
Molded Open Head Pails
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This test method provides procedures for an indication
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of the environmental stress crack resistance of plastic injection
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
molded open head pails, covers, and components as a summa-
tion of the effects of container design, resin, manufacturing
2. Referenced Documents
conditions, field performance, and other factors.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate a container’s
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
resistance to mechanical failure by cracking when in the
ments
presence of chemical and physical stresses.
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
Packaging Components for Testing
1.3 Two procedures are provided as follows:
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
1.3.1 Procedure A, Specified Stress-Crack Resistance Test
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Method—This procedure is particularly useful for quality
Lot or Process
control since the conditions of the test are specified.
1.3.2 Procedure B, User Selected Stress-Crack Resistance
3. Terminology
Test Method—This procedure allows individual selection of
3.1 Definitions—Reference Terminology D996 for defini-
test levels and is particularly useful as a design and develop-
tions applicable to this test method.
ment tool.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 These procedures are not designed to test the ability of
3.2.1 environmental stress crack—an external or internal
the cover gasketing material or closure to retain the test
crack that develops when a container is exposed to chemical or
reagent. Loss or leakage of the reagent through these openings
physical stresses, or both.
does not constitute container failure. However, this may
indicate an internal pressure loss that might affect test results.
3.2.2 stress crack failure—any environmental stress crack
that causes a loss or leakage of the test reagent shall be
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
interpreted as container failure.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4. Summary of Test Method
and are not considered standard.
4.1 The environmental stress-crack resistance is determined
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
by subjecting an injection molded open head pail and cover
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
that is filled and sealed with a stress-crack reagent to a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mechanical top load at elevated temperatures. The recom-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mendedminimumtestdurationshallbe14days,orasspecified
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
by the user. The time to stress-crack failure is observed.
Specific warning statements are given in 6.2, 10.2.3, 10.2.4,
4.1.1 ProcedureAexposesaminimumofthreecontainersto
10.2.6, and 10.2.8.
specified levels of chemical and physical stresses.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1.2 Procedure B exposes containers to varying chemical
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
and physical stresses based on the user’s knowledge and
objectives.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping
2
Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D1975 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1975-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1975 − 16 D1975 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Environmental Stress Crack Resistance of Plastic Injection
1
Molded Open Head Pails
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method provides procedures for an indication of the environmental stress crack resistance of plastic injection molded
open head pails, covers, and components as a summation of the effects of container design, resin, manufacturing conditions, field
performance, and other factors.
1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate a container’s resistance to mechanical failure by cracking when in the presence of
chemical and physical stresses.
1.3 Two procedures are provided as follows:
1.3.1 Procedure A, Specified Stress-Crack Resistance Test Method—This procedure is particularly useful for quality control since
the conditions of the test are specified.
1.3.2 Procedure B, User Selected Stress-Crack Resistance Test Method—This procedure allows individual selection of test levels
and is particularly useful as a design and development tool.
1.4 These procedures are not designed to test the ability of the cover gasketing material or closure to retain the test reagent. Loss
or leakage of the reagent through these openings does not constitute container failure. However, this may indicate an internal
pressure loss that might affect test results.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.2, 10.2.3, 10.2.4,
10.2.6, and 10.2.8.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Containers and
Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved June 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2021. Published July 2016November 2022. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20102016 as
D1975 – 95 (2010).D1975 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D1975-16.10.1520/D1975-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1975 − 21
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Reference Terminology D996 for definitions applicable to this test method.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 environmental stress crack—an external or internal crack that develops when a container is exposed to chemical or physical
stresses, or both.
3.2.2 stress crack failure—any environmental stress crack that causes a loss or leakage of the test reagent shall be interpreted as
container failure.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The environmental stress-crack resistance is determined by subjecting an injection molded open head pail and cover that is
filled and sealed with a stress-crack reagent to a mechanical top load at elevated temperatures. The recommended minimum test
duration shall be 14 days, or as specified by the user. The time to stress-crack failure is observed.
4.1.1 Procedure A exposes a minimum of three containers to specified lev
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.