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ASTM D4970-99

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textiles Fabrics (Martindale Pressure Tester Method)

Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textiles Fabrics (Martindale Pressure Tester Method)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics under light pressure. The method utilizes the Martindale tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of fabrics, being particularly suitable for woven fabrics.
1.2 This method is not suitable for fabrics thicker than 3 mm ( 1/8 in.), since such fabrics cannot be mounted in the specimen holder.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard; the values in SI units are provided as information only.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 2 and Note A1.1 Note 1-For other methods of testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to the following ASTM methods: Test Method D3511 for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester Method,  Test Method D3512 for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester Method,  and Test Method D3514 for Resistance of Apparel Fabrics to Pilling (Elastomeric Pad Method).  For directions covering the measurement of resistance to pilling by the Appearance Retention Tester, refer to Method D1375.  For directions covering the measurement of resistance to pilling by the Inflated Diaphragm Tester, and the Reciprocating Table Tester, refer to Method D1375.  2. Referenced Documents ASTM Standards:
D 123* Terminology Relating to Textiles  
D 1776* Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-1999
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D4970-02 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textiles Fabrics (Martindale Pressure Tester Method)
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002

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ASTM D4970-99 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textiles Fabrics (Martindale Pressure Tester Method)ASTM D4970-99 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textiles Fabrics (Martindale Pressure Tester Method)
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ASTM D4970-99 - Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textiles Fabrics (Martindale Pressure Tester Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: D 4970 – 99
Standard Test Method for
Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of
1
Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4970; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope in this test method, refer to Terminology D 123.
3.2 Description of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
3.2.1 cycle, n—in the Martindale tester, the sixteen move-
tance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes
ments required to complete one Lissajous figure.
on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester. The procedure
3.2.2 fuzz, n—tangled fiber ends that protrude from the
generally is applicable to all types of fabrics, being particularly
surface of a yarn or fabric.
suitable for woven fabrics.
3.2.3 movement, n—one rotation of the outer gearing of the
NOTE 1—For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles,
Martindale tester.
refer to Test Methods D 3511, D 3512, and D 3514.
3.2.4 pilling resistance, n—resistance to formation of pills
1.2 This test method is not suitable for fabrics thicker than
on the surface of a textile fabric.
3 mm (0.125 in.) because such fabrics cannot be mounted in
3.2.5 pills, n—bunches or balls of tangled fibers, which are
the specimen holder.
held to the surface of a fabric by one or more fibers.
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before
4. Summary of Test Method
testing.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.1 Pilling and other changes in the surface appearance,
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
such as fuzzing, that occur in normal wear are simulated on a
information only.
laboratory testing machine. Fabrics are mounted on the Mar-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tindale Tester, and the face of the test specimen is rubbed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
against the face of the same mounted fabric in the form of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
geometric figure, that is, a straight line, which becomes a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
gradually widening ellipse, until it forms another straight line
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
in the opposite direction and traces the same figure again under
light pressure for a specific number of movements. The degree
2. Referenced Documents
of fabric pilling or surface appearance change produced by this
2.1 ASTM Standards:
action is evaluated by comparison of the tested specimen with
2
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
visual standards that may be actual fabrics, or photographs of
2
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
fabrics, showing a range of pilling resistance. The observed
D 3511 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-
resistance to pilling is reported using an arbitrary rating scale.
lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling
3
5. Significance and Use
Tester
D 3512 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This test method for resistance to
lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble
pilling for fabrics is not recommended for acceptance testing.
3
Pilling Tester Method
If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with
D 3514 Test Method for Resistance of Apparel Fabrics to
caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some
3
Pilling (Elastomeric Pad Method)
cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial
shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available
3. Terminology
method even though the method has not been recommended for
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other textile terms used
acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recom-
mended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on Textiles widely outside the United States.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in
Specific.
values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1999. Published December 1999. Last
this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the
previous edition D 4970 – 98.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier
3
Discontinued 1995, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 4970
fabric finishing treatmen
...

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Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
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1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
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Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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    English language
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off