iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM E2734/E2734M-10

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Dimensions of Knife-Edge Flanges

Standard Specification for Dimensions of Knife-Edge Flanges

SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies the dimensions of knife-edge style flanges and their associated gaskets used in vacuum systems for pressures ranging from 105 Pa to 10-11 Pa. Such flanges are widely used throughout vacuum technology applications in semiconductor processing tools, surface analysis systems, space simulation systems, and general research requiring vacuum.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2009
ICS
23.160 - Vacuum technology
Technical Committee
E42 - Surface Analysis
Drafting Committee
E42.13 - Vacuum Technology
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2734/E2734M-10(2018) - Standard Specification for Dimensions of Knife-Edge Flanges
Effective Date
01-Jun-2018

Buy Standard

ASTM E2734/E2734M-10 - Standard Specification for Dimensions of Knife-Edge FlangesASTM E2734/E2734M-10 - Standard Specification for Dimensions of Knife-Edge Flanges
PreviousNext
Technical specification
ASTM E2734/E2734M-10 - Standard Specification for Dimensions of Knife-Edge Flanges
English language
4 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E2734/E2734M −10
Standard Specification for
Dimensions of Knife-Edge Flanges
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2734/E2734M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions— For definitions used in this specification,
1.1 This standard specifies the dimensions of knife-edge
see Terminology E673.
style flanges and their associated gaskets used in vacuum
5 -11
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
systems for pressures ranging from 10 Pa to 10 Pa. Such
3.2.1 knife-edge flange, n—Vacuum flanges seal with a
flanges are widely used throughout vacuum technology appli-
metal gasket; two mating surfaces with identical circular
cations in semiconductor processing tools, surface analysis
(triangular profile) knife-edges are bolted together; a deform-
systems, space simulation systems, and general research re-
able metal gasket, captured between the knife-edges provides a
quiring vacuum.
leak-free seal.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Vacuum flanges that seal with a metal
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
gasket were originally developed as Conflat flanges (trade-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
mark) by the Varian Corporation.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.2.2 type, n—Knife-edge flanges come in a variety of sizes;
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
historically, the flange sizes were identified in North America
with the standard.
astheflange’soutsidediameter(ininches)andinEuropeasthe
maximum nominal bore of the tube (in millimetres) that might
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
be welded to the flange; for this specification, the flange
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
identification “type” is used where the type is approximately
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
equal to the flange’s outside diameter in inches.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Flange—Flanges must be manufactured from a suffi-
2. Referenced Documents
cientlyhardorhard-coatedmaterialtoresistdeformationofthe
2.1 ASTM Standards:
knife-edge profile despite repeatedly forming a vacuum seal
E673 Terminology Relating to SurfaceAnalysis (Withdrawn
with metal gaskets.
2012)
4.2 Gasket—Gasket must be manufactured from a soft,
2.2 Other Standards:
annealed, or partially-tempered metal such that the mating
ISO 4288:1996 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)—
flanges’ knife-edges cause sufficient (initial) plastic deforma-
Surface Texture: Profile Method—Rules and Procedures
tion that a vacuum seal is accomplished.
for the Assessment of Surface Texture
5. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
5.1 Figs. 1-3 and Tables 1 and 2 contain the required
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE42onSurface
dimensions and tolerances for rotatable and non-rotatable
Analysis and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E42.13 on Vacuum
knife-edge vacuum flanges.
Technology.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published May 2010. DOI: 10.1520/
6. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
E2734_E2734M-10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1 Knife-edge vacuum flanges are typically used in appli-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
cations which require: (1) a high degree of leak integrity, and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
(2) the lowest possible contamination from outgassing. To
the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
achieve both characteristics, the finish of the flanges’ knife-
www.astm.org.
edges and gaskets must be free of visible cracks, pits,
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
inclusions, scratches, and foreign materials. The knife-edge
la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2734/E2734M−10
E2734/E2734M−10
FIG. 1Flange Dimensions: (a) Non-Rotatable Flange (b) Rotatable Flange
FIG. 2Knife-Edge Detail
FIG. 3Knife-Edge Gasket Dimensions
E2734/E2734M−10
TABLE 1 Knife-Edge Flange Dimension
AB C D E F G H I
Setback
Nominal Seal Knife
Num- Position Flange Depth of
Outside Recess Edge
Max ber Bolt Tolerance Face to Receiver Flange
Nominal Diameter Bolt Bolt Diameter Diameter
Type Tube of Hole of Tube Seat Seat for Thickness
Bore Tolerance Thread Circle Tolerance Tolerance
Diameter Bolt Diameter Bolt Tolerance Insert (Min)
±0.030 in. ±0.004 in. ±0.004 in.
Holes Holes ±0.005 in. (Max)
(±0.75 mm) (±0.10 mm) (±0.10 mm)
(±0.12 mm)
Min, Max, Min, Max,
mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in.
mm mm in. in.
1 in. OD 10CF 25.40 1.000 12.0 0.472 6 3.3 3.5 0.130 0.138 m3–05 n/a 17.5 0.689 0.1 0.004 13.49 0.531 10.49 0.413 3.00 0.118 n/a n/a 6.0 0.236
1 ⁄3 in. OD 16CF 33.86 1.333 19.3 0.760 6 4.3 4.6 0.171 0.180 m4–07 #8–32 27.0 1.062 0.2 0.009 21.39 0.842 18.29 0.720 4.57 0.180 6.50 0.256 6.6 0.260
1 1
2 ⁄8 in. OD 25CF 53.98 2.125 25.7 1.010 4 6.7 6.9 0
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM E2734/E2734M-10(2018)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Dimensions of Knife-Edge Flanges

SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies the dimensions of knife-edge style flanges and their associated gaskets used in vacuum systems for pressures ranging from 105 Pa to 10-11 Pa. Such flanges are widely used throughout vacuum technology applications in semiconductor processing tools, surface analysis systems, space simulation systems, and general research requiring vacuum.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F2647-07(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Approved Methods of Installing a CVS (Central Vacuum System)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The suggestions of this guide are intended to provide proper installation materials and practices to be used during the installation of a central-vacuum system.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide demonstrates proper methods for installing a central-vacuum system.  
1.2 Appendix X1 contains additional sources of information that may be helpful to the user of this guide.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4991-07(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Leakage Testing of Empty Rigid Containers by Vacuum Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Containers may be pressurized in accordance with this test method without modification to the closure or to the body of the container. This test method may be used for testing rigid containers intended for the transportation of some liquids by air in accordance with the ICAO TIs or in accordance with the UN TDG.  
5.2 This test method establishes the point at which leakage commences, with a limit of approximately 95 kPa (13.8 psi) differential. See Test Method D3078 for flexible packages.  
5.3 This test method may not be suitable for some packages, such as packages with paper cap seals, where the test fluid may rapidly deteriorate the packaging.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing of empty containers for resistance to leakage under differential pressure conditions such as those which can occur during air transport. It is suitable for testing rigid containers intended for the transportation of some hazardous liquids in accordance with the United Nations Recommendations On The Transport Of Dangerous Goods (UN TDG) and the International Civil Aviation Organization Technical Instructions For The Safe Transport Of Dangerous Goods By Air (ICAO TIs).  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E595-15(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Total Mass Loss and Collected Volatile Condensable Materials from Outgassing in a Vacuum Environment

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates, under carefully controlled conditions, the changes in the mass of a test specimen on exposure under vacuum to a temperature of 125 °C and the mass of those products that leave the specimen and condense on a collector at a temperature of 25 °C.  
5.2 The 24 h test time does not represent actual outgassing from years of operation, so a higher test temperature shorter time was selected to allow material comparisons with no intent to predict actual outgassing in service. The test temperature of 125 °C was assumed to be significantly above the expected operating temperature in service. If expected operating temperatures exceed 65 to 70 °C the test temperature should be increased. It is suggested that test temperature be at least 30 °C higher than expected maximum service temperature in order to provide material comparisons for TML and CVCM.  
5.3 Comparisons of material outgassing properties are valid at 125 °C sample temperature and 25°C collector temperature only. Samples tested at other temperatures may be compared only with other materials which were tested at that same temperature.  
5.4 The measurements of the collected volatile condensable material are also comparable and valid only for similar collector geometry and surfaces at 25 °C. Samples have been tested at sample temperatures from 50 to 400 °C and at collector temperatures from 1 to 30 °C by this test technique. Data taken at nonstandard conditions must be clearly identified and should not be compared with samples tested at 125 °C sample temperature and 25 °C collector temperature.  
5.5 The simulation of the vacuum of space in this test method does not require that the pressure be as low as that encountered in interplanetary flight (for example, 10−12 Pa (10−14  torr)). It is sufficient that the pressure be low enough that the mean free path of gas molecules be long in comparison to chamber dimensions.  
5.6 This method of screening materials is considered a conservativ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a screening technique to determine volatile content of materials when exposed to a vacuum environment. Two parameters are measured: total mass loss (TML) and collected volatile condensable materials (CVCM). An additional parameter, the amount of water vapor regained (WVR), can also be obtained after completion of exposures and measurements required for TML and CVCM.  
1.2 This test method describes the test apparatus and related operating procedures for evaluating the mass loss of materials being subjected to 125 °C at less than 7 × 10−3 Pa (5 × 10−5 torr) for 24 h. The overall mass loss can be classified into noncondensables and condensables. The latter are characterized herein as being capable of condensing on a collector at a temperature of 25°C.  
Note 1: Unless otherwise noted, the tolerance on 25 and 125 °C is ±1 °C and on 23 °C is ±2 °C. The tolerance on relative humidity is ±5 %.  
1.3 Many types of organic, polymeric, and inorganic materials can be tested. These include polymer potting compounds, foams, elastomers, films, tapes, insulations, shrink tubings, adhesives, coatings, fabrics, tie cords, and lubricants. The materials may be tested in the “as-received” condition or prepared for test by various curing specifications.  
1.4 This test method is primarily a screening technique for materials and is not necessarily valid for computing actual contamination on a system or component because of differences in configuration, temperatures, and material processing.  
1.5 The criteria used for the acceptance and rejection of materials shall be determined by the user and based upon specific component and system requirements. Historically, TML of 1.00 % and CVCM of 0.10 % have been used as screening levels for rejection of spacecraft materials.  
1.6 The use of materials that are deemed acceptable in accordance with this test method does not ensure that the system or component will rem...

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E834-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining Vacuum Chamber Gaseous Environment Using a Cold Finger

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When applied in the case in which there is no test item in the vacuum chamber (such as during bake-out operations), this procedure may be used to evaluate the performance of the vacuum chamber in relation to other data from the same or other chambers given that critical parameters (for example, length of exposure, temperature of the chamber and cold finger, anisotropy, and so forth) can be related.  
5.2 The procedure can be used to evaluate the effects of materials found in the residue on items placed in the vacuum chamber.  
5.3 The procedure can be used to describe the effect of a prior test on the residual gases within a vacuum chamber.  
5.4 By selecting the time at which the coolant is introduced into the cold finger, the environment present during a selected portion of a test can be characterized. This can be used to determine the relative efficacy of certain vacuum chamber procedures such as bake-out.  
5.5 The procedure may be used to define the outgassed products of a test item that condense on the cold finger.  
5.6 The procedure may be used in defining the relative cleanliness of a vacuum chamber.  
5.7 In applying the results of the procedure to the vacuum chamber in general, consideration must be given to the anisotropy of the molecular fluxes within the chamber.  
5.8 The procedure is sensitive to both the partial pressures of the gases that form the condensibles and the time of exposure of the cold finger at coolant temperatures.  
5.9 The procedure is sensitive to any losses of sample that may occur during the various transfer operations and during that procedure wherein the solvent is evaporated by heating it on a steam bath.
Note 1: Reactions between solvent and condensate can occur and would affect the analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a technique for collecting samples of materials that are part of the residual gas environment of an evacuated vacuum chamber. The practice uses a device designated as a “cold finger” that is placed within the environment to be sampled and is cooled so that constituents of the environment are retained on the cold-finger surface.  
1.2 The practice covers a method for obtaining a sample from the cold finger and determining the weight of the material removed from the cold finger.  
1.3 The practice contains recommendations as to ways in which the sample may be analyzed to identify the constituents that comprise the sample.  
1.4 By determining the species that constitute the sample, the practice may be used to assist in defining the source of the constituents and whether the sample is generally representative of samples similarly obtained from the vacuum chamber itself.  
1.5 This practice covers alternative approaches and usages to which the practice can be put.  
1.6 The degree of molecular flux anisotropy significantly affects the assurance with which one can attribute characteristics determined by this procedure to the vacuum chamber environment in general.  
1.7 The temperature of the cold finger significantly affects the quantity and species of materials collected.  
1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2734/E2734M-10(2018)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Dimensions of Knife-Edge Flanges

SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies the dimensions of knife-edge style flanges and their associated gaskets used in vacuum systems for pressures ranging from 105 Pa to 10-11 Pa. Such flanges are widely used throughout vacuum technology applications in semiconductor processing tools, surface analysis systems, space simulation systems, and general research requiring vacuum.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6356/D6356M-98(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Gas Generation of Aluminum Emulsified Asphalt Used as a Protective Coating for Roofing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This procedure measures the amount of hydrogen gas generation potential of aluminized emulsion roof coating. There is the possibility of water reacting with aluminum pigment to generate hydrogen gas. This situation is to be avoided, so this test was designed to evaluate coating formulations and assess the propensity to gassing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a hydrogen gas and stability test for aluminum emulsified asphalt coatings.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3019/D3019M-17(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Lap Cement Used with Asphalt Roll Roofing, Non-Fibered, and Fibered

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the physical requirements and testing of three types of lap cement for use with asphalt roll roofing. Type I is a brushing consistency lap cement intended for use in the exposed-nailing method of roll roofing application, and contains no mineral or other stabilizers. This type is further divided into two grades, as follows: Grade 1, which is made with an air-blown asphalt; and Grade 2, which is made with a vacuum-reduced or steam-refined asphalt. Both Types II and III, on the other hand, are heavy brushing or light troweling consistency lap cement intended for use in the concealed-nailing method of roll roofing application, only that Type II cement contains a quantity of short-fibered asbestos, while Type III cement contains a quantity of mineral or other stabilizers, or both, but contains no asbestos. The lap cements shall be sampled for testing, and shall adhere to specified values of the following properties: water content; distillation (total distillate at given temperatures); softening point of residue; solubility in trichloroethylene; and strength at indicated age.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers lap cement consisting of asphalt dissolved in a volatile petroleum solvent with or without mineral or other stabilizers, or both, for use with roll roofing. The fibered version of these cements excludes the use of asbestos fibers.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat applies only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E831-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used, for example, for design purposes and to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur when a solid body composed of two different materials is subjected to temperature variations.  
5.2 This test method is comparable to Test Method D3386 for testing electrical insulation materials, but it covers a more general group of solid materials and it defines test conditions more specifically. This test method uses a smaller specimen and substantially different apparatus than Test Methods E228 and D696.  
5.3 This test method may be used in research, specification acceptance, regulatory compliance, and quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the technical coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermomechanical analysis techniques.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the specimen.  
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 μm/(m·°C). The test method may be used at lower (or negative) expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see Section 12).  
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from −120 °C to 900 °C. The temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials used.  
1.5 SI units are the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2699-24a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Research O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under mild conditions of operation.  
5.2 Research O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1,  k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-O.N. determinations.  
5.2.2 Research O.N., in conjunction with Motor O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the Road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the U.S., and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
5.2.3 Research O.N. is also used either alone or in conjunction with other factors to define the Road O.N. capabilities of spark-ignition engine fuels for vehicles operating in areas of the world other than the United States.  
5.3 Research O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
5.4 Research O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.  
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8, 14.4.1, 15.5.1, 16.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1.8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Gu...

  • Standard
    48 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    48 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off