ASTM A494/A494M-00

Standard Specification for Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nickel, nickel-copper, nickel-copper-silicon, nickel-molybdenum, nickel-chromium, and nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy castings for corrosion-resistant service.  
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to Specification A494 and SI units for material ordered to Specification A494M.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-2001
• ICS: 77.150.40 - Nickel and chromium products
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.18 - Castings

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM A494/A494M-01 - Standard Specification for Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A990/A990M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Specially Controlled for Pressure-Retaining Parts for Corrosive Service
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A957/A957M-21 - Standard Specification for Investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A744/A744M-21a - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A488/A488M-18e2 - Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F998-12(2022) - Standard Specification for Centrifugal Pump, Shipboard Use
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F1508-96(2021) - Standard Specification for Angle Style, Pressure Relief Valves for Steam, Gas, and Liquid Services
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A743/A743M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F1511-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Mechanical Seals for Shipboard Pump Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A781/A781M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 494/A494M – 00 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 494/A494M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-
Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,
1.1 This specification covers nickel, nickel-copper, nickel-
Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
copper-silicon, nickel-molybdenum, nickel-chromium, and
2.2 Military Standards:
nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy castings for corrosion-
NAVSEA T9074–AS-GIB-010/271 Requirements for Non-
resistant service.
destructive Testing Methods
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
NAVSEA S9074–AR-GIB-010/2718 Requirements for Fab-
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
rication Welding and Inspection, and Casting Inspection
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
and Repair for Machinery, Piping, and Pressure Vessels
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
3. Terminology
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
3.1 Definitions:
cation. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to
3.1.1 master heat—a single furnace charge of refined alloy
Specification A 494 and SI units for material ordered to
which may either be poured directly into castings or into remelt
Specification A 494M.
alloy for individual melts.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.2 melts—a single furnace charge poured into castings.
When master heats are used to prepare melts, a melt analysis
2.1 ASTM Standards:
shall be reported.
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
4. General Conditions for Delivery
A 488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-
4.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to
fications of Procedures and Personnel
the requirements of Specification A 781/A 781M, including
A 732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-
any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the
bon and Low–Alloy Steel for General Application, and
3 purchase order. Failure to comply with the general require-
Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
ments of Specification A 781/A 781M constitutes nonconfor-
A 781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,
3 mance with this specification. In case of conflict between the
Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
requirements of this specification and Specification A 781/
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
A 781M, this specification shall prevail.
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
5. Ordering Information
E 30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast
6 5.1 Orders for castings to this specification should include
Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron
the following information:
E 38 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromium
7 5.1.1 Quantity, in pieces, and
and Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys
5.1.2 Grade designation (Table 1) and class (Table 2).
E 76 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Copper
6 5.2 The purchaser shall specify any of the following infor-
Alloys
mation required to describe adequately the desired material:
5.2.1 Heat treat condition (see 6.1 and 6.2),
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
5.2.2 Repair welding (see 11)
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18 on Castings. 5.2.3 Source inspection requirements, if any (see Specifica-
Current edition approved Mar. 10, 2000. Published May 2000. Originally
tion A 781/A 781M),
published as B 332 – 58 T. Redesignated as A 494 in 1963. Last previous edition
5.2.4 Marking-for-identification requirements, if any (see
A 494/A 494M – 99.
13.1), and
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.
5.2.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
6 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05. Available from DODSSP, Building 4/Section D, 700 Robbins Avenue Phila-
Discontinued, see 1989 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05. delphia, PA 19111–5098
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 494/A494M
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
TABLE 2 Heat Treat Requirements
Grade Heat Treatment
CZ-100, M-35-1, M-35-2, CY-40 Class 1, M-30H, M-30C, As cast
M-25S Class 1, CY5SnBiM
A
M-25S, Class 2 Load into furnace at 600°F [315°C] maximum. Heat to 1600°F [870°C] and hold
for 1 h plus an additional 30 min for each ½ in. [13 mm] of cross section over 1
B C
in. Cool to 1300°F [705°C] and hold at temperature for 30 min then quench in
oil to room temperature.
M-25S, Class 3 Load into furnace at 600°F [315°C] maximum. Heat slowly to 1100°F [605°C] and
hold to develop maximum hardness. Furnace or air cool to room temperature.
N-12MV, N-7M Heat to 2000°F [1095°C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.
CW-12MW, CW-6M, CW-6MC, CW-2M Heat to 2150°F [1175°C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.
CY-40, Class 2 Heat to 1900°F [1040°C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.
CX2MW (N26022) Heat to 2200°F [1205°C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water or rapid air cool by other means.
CU5MCuC (N28820) Heat to 2100°F [1150°C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water. Stabilize at 1725–1815°F [940–990°C], hold for
sufficient time to heat castings to temperature, quench in water or rapid cool by
other means.
A
M-25S, while machinable in the “as cast” condition, is capable of being solution treated for improved machinability. It may be subsequently age hardened to the
hardness specified in Table 3 and finished machined or ground.
B
For cross sections over 6 in. [125 mm] it may be necessary to increase the hold time if maximum softness is desired.
C
For maximum softness and the least variation in hardness levels, castings should be transferred from an oven at 1600°F [870°C] to a second oven at 1300°F [705°C].
standards of acceptance. requirements prescribed in Table 1.
7.2 An analysis of each master heat shall be made by the
6. Heat Treatment
manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements
6.1 Castings shall be heat treated in accordance with the
specified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made from a
requirements in Table 2.
representative sample taken during the pouring of the master
heat. Chemical composition shall be reported to the purchaser
NOTE 1—Proper heat treatment of these alloys is usually necessary to
or his representative.
enhance corrosion resistance and, in some cases, to meet mechanical
properties. Minimum heat treat temperatures are specified; however, it is
7.3 Test Methods E 76 or Test Methods E 354 shall be used
sometimes necessary to heat treat at higher temperatures, hold for some
for referee purposes. Test Methods E 30 or Methods E 38 shall
minimum time at temperature, and then rapidly cool the castings in order
be used if Test Methods E 76 or Test Methods E 354 do not
to enhance the corrosion resistance and meet mechanical properties.
include a method for some element present in the material.
6.2 When Class 1 is specified, grades CY40 and M-25S
8. Tensile Properties
shall be supplied in the as-cast condition. When Class 2 is
8.1 One tension test shall be made from each master heat
specified, grades CY40 and M-25S shall be supplied in the
except for grades M-25S and CY5SnBiM when the master heat
solution-treated condition. When Class 3 is specified, grade
is used to pour the castings. One tension test shall be made
M-25S shall be supplied in the age-hardened condition.
from each melt except for grades M-25S and CY5SnBiM. Test
7. Chemical Composition
results shall conform to the tensile requirements specified in
7.1 These alloys shall conform to the chemical composition Table 3. Test bars shall be poured in special blocks from the
A 494/A494M
TABLE 3 Mechanical Properties
CZ- M-35-1 M-35-2 M-30H M-25S M-30C N-12MV N-7M CY-40 CW- CW-6M CW-2M CW- CY5SnBiM CX2MW CU5MCuC
100 12MW 6MC (N26022) (N28820)
Tensile strength, 50 000 65 000 65 000 100 00 . 65 000 76 000 76 000 70 000 72 000 72 000 72 000 70 000 . 80 000 75 000
min, psi [MPa] [345] [450] [450] [690] [450] [525] [525] [485] [495] [495] [495] [485] [550] [520]
Yield strength, 18 000 25 000 30 000 60 000 . 32 500 40 000 40 000 28 000 40 000 40 000 40 000 40 000 . 45 000 35 000
min, psi [MPa] [125] [170] [205] [415] [225] [275] [275] [195] [275] [275] [275] [275] [280] [240]
Elongation in 2 in. 10.0 25.0 25.0 10.0 . 25.0 6.0 20.0 30.0 4.0 25.0 20.0 25.0 . 30.0 20.0
A
[50 mm], min, %
B
Hardness HB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
When ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in Specification A 732/A 732M, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4 to1.
B
300 HB minimum for the age hardened condition.
same heat as the castings represented. actual wall thickness, or 1 in. [25 mm], whichever is smaller,
8.2 The bar from which the test specimen is taken shall be or when the extent of the cavity exceeds approximately 10
2 2
heat treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as the in. [65 cm ]. All other weld repairs shall be considered minor.
castings it represents. If the castings are not heat treated, the Major and minor weld repairs shall be subject to the same
bar used for the test specimen must not be heat treated. quality standards as are used to inspect the castings.
8.3 Test specimens may be cut from castings, at the produc- 11.3 Castings of M-30H, M-25S, and CY5SnBiM may not
er’s option, instead of from test bars. be weld repaired.
8.4 When castings are produced by methods other than 11.4 Grades N-12MV, N-7M, CW-12MW, CW-6M, CW-
investment process, tension test coupons shall be machined to 2M, and CX2MW may require post weld heat treatment after
the form and dimension shown in Fig. 8 of, and tested in major weld repairs. If post weld heat treatment is required, it
accordance with, Test Methods E 8. must be specified along with the grade. If required, it shall be
8.4.1 When castings are produced by the investment pro- performed in accordance with Section 6.
cess, test specimens in accordance with Specification A 732/ 11.5 For grade CU5MCuC, the composition of the depos-
A 732M shall be used for measurement of tensile properties. ited weld metal shall be similar to that of AWS A5.14 ER
8.5 If any specimen shows defective machining or develops NiCrMo-3 (UNS N06625) or AWS A5.11 E NiCrMo-3
flaws, it may be discarded and another substituted from the (UNS W86112).
same heats.
12. Rejection and Rehearing
8.6 To determine conformance with the tension test require-
ments, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded 12.1 Samples that represent rejected material shall be pre-
in accordance with Practice E 29 to the nearest 500 psi [3.5 served for two weeks from the date of transmission of the
MPa] for yield and tensile strength and to the nearest 1 % for rejection report. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the
elongation and reduction of area.
tests, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing within
that time.
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
13. Product Marking
9.1 Critical surfaces of all castings intended for corrosion-
resistant service shall be cleaned. Cleaning may be accom-
13.1 Castings shall be marked for the material identification
plished by blasting with clean sand or metallic corrosion- with the ASTM specification designation (A 494/A 494M) and
resistant shot or by other approved methods.
grade symbol, that is, CY-40. The manufacturer’s name or
identification mark and the pattern number shall be cast or
10. Quality
stamped on all castings except those of such small size as to
10.1 The castings shall not be peened, plugged or impreg- make such marking impractical. To minimize small defects
nated to stop leaks. caused by dislodged particles of molding sand, the number of
10.2 Internal chills and chaplets may be used in the manu- cast identification marks shall be minimized. The marking of
facture of castings. However, the chills, chaplets and affected heat numbers on individual castings shall be agreed upon by
cast material must be completely removed. the manufacturer and the purchaser. Markings shall be in such
position as not to injure the usefulness of the casting.
11. Repair by Welding
13.1.1 When the castings are too small to mark individually,
11.1 Repairs shall be made by using a welding procedure a symbol traceable to the heat shall be placed on the castings
and operators capable of producing sound welds. The compo- and the required identification then placed on a tag affixed to
sition of deposited weld metal shall be similar to that of the the container in which these castings are shipped.
castings.
14. Keywords
11.2 Weld repairs shall be considered major in the case of a
casting that has leaked on hydrostatic test or when the depth of 14.1 corrosion resistant applications; nickel; nickel alloy
the cavity after preparation for repair exceeds 20 % of the castings; nickel alloys; nickel castings
A 494/A494M
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
The following supplementary requirements shall not apply unless specified in the purchase order. A
list of standard supplementary requirements for use at the option of the purchaser is included in
Specification A 781/A 781M. Those which are ordinarily considered for use with this specification are
given below; others enumerated in Specification A 781/A 781M may be used with this specification
upon agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S2. Radiographic Examination
S3. Liquid Penetrant Examination
S6. Certification
S10. Hardness Tests
S10.1 When composition M-25S material is ordered with a
hardness maximum or range in the as-cast or solution treated
condition, hardness tests shall be made in accordance with Test
Me
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