ASTM C832-21

Standard Test Method for Measuring Thermal Expansion and Creep of Refractories Under Load

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The thermal expansion under load and the 20 to 50 h creep properties of a refractory are useful in characterizing the load-bearing capacity of a refractory that is uniformly heated. Directly applicable examples are blast furnace stoves and glass furnace checkers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for measuring the linear change of refractory specimens that are subjected to compressive stress while being heated and while being held at elevated temperatures.  
1.2 This test method does not apply to materials whose strength depends on pitch or carbonaceous bonds unless appropriate atmospheric control is used (see 7.3).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2021
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.01 - Strength

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C832 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Thermal Expansion and Creep of Refractories
1
Under Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C832; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope can be used in estimating thermal-expansion relief when used
in conjunction with the temperature at maximum dilation.
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for measuring the
3.1.2 temperature at maximum dilation—in addition to es-
linear change of refractory specimens that are subjected to
timating thermal-expansion relief, it can be used to rank
compressive stress while being heated and while being held at
products in terms of relative refractoriness. In general, the
elevated temperatures.
higher the temperature at maximum dilation, the more refrac-
1.2 This test method does not apply to materials whose
tory the product and the better it is able to resist deformation at
strength depends on pitch or carbonaceous bonds unless
elevated temperatures.
appropriate atmospheric control is used (see 7.3).
3.1.3 20 to 50 h creep—thepercentdeformationbetweenthe
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
20 and 50 h can be used to rank products in terms of relative
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
load-bearing capacity at a particular temperature. Relative
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
rankings of various products may differ at different tempera-
and are not considered standard.
tures.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Test specimens sawed from samples of refractory brick
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
or from prefabricated samples of monolithic refractories are
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
placed in a furnace and subjected to a prescribed compressive
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
stress. Sensors are positioned for continuously measuring the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
linear change of the specimens parallel to the direction of the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
compressive stress. The temperature and linear change of the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
specimens are continuously recorded while heating the furnace
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
at a controlled rate for thermal expansion under load testing.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
The time and linear change of the specimens are also continu-
ously recorded while at soak temperature for 20 to 50 h of
2. Referenced Documents
creep testing.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 The user should be aware that other mechanisms,
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
besides those related to creep, may be activated. This is
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
especially true as temperatures approach 3002 °F (1650 °C).
3. Terminology
Whenothermaterialresponsesareactivated,suchascorrosion,
oxidation, sintering, etc., strong caution should be exercised
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
when interpreting and identifying creep mechanisms.
3.1.1 maximum dilation—the percent expansion where the
thermal-expansion rate equals the creep-deformation rate. It
4.3 Since materials tend to exhibit faster creep rates during
the initial stage of deformation, the user should be cautioned
1
when extrapolating measured creep rates beyond the normal
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.
50 h test time. The material must be in the secondary creep
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2021. Published August 2021. Originally
stage in order to extrapolate to longer times.
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as C832 – 00 (2021).
DOI: 10.1520/C0832-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 5. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 The thermal expansion under load and the 20 to 50 h
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. creep properties of a
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C832 − 00 (Reapproved 2021) C832 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Thermal Expansion and Creep of Refractories
1
Under Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C832; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for measuring the linear change of refractory specimens that are subjected to
compressive stress while being heated and while being held at elevated temperatures.
1.2 This test method does not apply to materials whose strength depends on pitch or carbonaceous bonds unless appropriate
atmospheric control is used (see 7.3).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 maximum dilation—the percent expansion where the thermal-expansion rate equals the creep-deformation rate. It can be used
in estimating thermal-expansion relief when used in conjunction with the temperature at maximum dilation.
3.1.2 temperature at maximum dilation—in addition to estimating thermal-expansion relief, it can be used to rank products in
terms of relative refractoriness. In general, the higher the temperature at maximum dilation, the more refractory the product and
the better it is able to resist deformation at elevated temperatures.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2021Aug. 1, 2021. Published February 2021August 2021. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20152021 as
C832 – 00 (2015).(2021). DOI: 10.1520/C0832-00R21.10.1520/C0832-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C832 − 21
3.1.3 20 to 50 h creep—the percent deformation between the 20 and 50 h can be used to rank products in terms of relative
load-bearing capacity at a particular temperature. Relative rankings of various products may differ at different temperatures.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Test specimens sawed from samples of refractory brick or from prefabricated samples of monolithic refractories are placed
in a furnace and subjected to a prescribed compressive stress. Sensors are positioned for continuously measuring the linear change
of the specimens parallel to the direction of the compressive stress. The temperature and linear change of the specimens are
continuously recorded while heating the furnace at a controlled rate for thermal expansion under load testing. The time and linear
change of the specimens are also continuously recorded while at soak temperature for 20 to 50 h of creep testing.
4.2 The user should be aware that other mechanisms, besides those related to creep, may be activated. This is especially true as
temperatures approach 1650 °C. 3002 °F (1650 °C). When other material responses are activated, such as corrosion, oxidation,
sintering, etc., strong caution should be exercised when interpreting and identifying creep mechani
...