ASTM D5439-95(2019)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Sediment in Moellon

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the toluene insoluble sediment contained in Moellon.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the toluene insoluble sediment contained in Moellon. This test method was derived from Test Method D473.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2019
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.08 - Fats and Oils

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5439-95(2012) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Sediment in Moellon
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019
• Refers: ASTM D473-07(2017) - Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2017
• Refers: ASTM D473-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM D473-07(2012)e1 - Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM D4057-06(2011) - Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011
• Refers: ASTM D473-07 - Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
• Effective Date: 01-May-2007
• Refers: ASTM D473-02(2006) - Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2006
• Refers: ASTM D473-02 - Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Refers: ASTM D4057-95(2000) - Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2000

Overview

ASTM D5439-95(2019) is the internationally recognized Standard Test Method for Determination of Sediment in Moellon. Developed by ASTM International, this standard outlines the procedure for measuring the content of toluene-insoluble sediment in moellon, a material type often relevant in leather processing and related industries. The method ensures reliable determination of sediment, providing valuable data for quality control and material evaluation.

ASTM D5439 was developed in accordance with the World Trade Organization’s principles for international standardization, ensuring global applicability and consistency. The standard employs SI units exclusively and highlights the need for adherence to proper safety, health, and environmental practices during its execution.

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Key Topics

• Purpose of the Method: Designed to detect and quantify toluene-insoluble sediment in samples of moellon, helping to assess material purity and suitability.
• Apparatus Overview:
  • Extraction flask (1-liter, wide-neck Erlenmeyer)
  • Condenser, typically a metal coil for cooling
  • Extraction thimble, made from refractory porous material
  • Thimble basket, made from corrosion-resistant material
  • Water cup for handling samples with high water content
  • Suitable heat source for toluene vaporization
• Solvent Requirements: Use of toluene meeting ISO 5272 Grade 2 specifications.
• Sampling Methodology: Only representative samples, as prescribed by ASTM D4057 and D4177, should be used to ensure reliable results.
• Safety Considerations: Toluene is flammable and toxic. Proper ventilation, protective equipment, and careful handling are mandatory.
• Reporting: Results must be reported to the nearest 0.01% as mass percent sediment by extraction.

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Applications

ASTM D5439 plays a critical role in a range of industrial and laboratory applications:

• Leather Industry: The test method is suited for quality control and process optimization when handling moellon, ensuring compliance with industry standards.
• Research and Development: Used in analytical laboratories to evaluate the cleanliness and composition of raw materials and intermediates.
• Material Procurement: Ensures that supplied moellon batches meet buyer specifications by confirming sediment content.
• Regulatory Compliance: Supports adherence to international regulations regarding impurity levels in industrial materials.

Through its standardized approach, the method delivers:

• Consistent sediment analysis results
• Improved comparability in international trade
• Objective criteria for product acceptance or rejection

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Related Standards

To ensure a complete and robust sediment analysis workflow, the following ASTM and ISO standards are commonly referenced alongside ASTM D5439:

• ASTM D473: Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method - the basis for the development of D5439.
• ASTM D4057: Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products - details representative sampling procedures.
• ASTM D4177: Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products - covers automated sampling techniques.
• ISO 5272: Specifies the industrial-grade requirements for toluene used as an extracting solvent in this test method.

These related documents help laboratories and industry comply with global quality control, sampling, and material analysis requirements for leather processing and moellon evaluation.

Keywords: ASTM D5439, sediment determination, moellon, toluene insoluble, extraction test, leather industry standards, quality control, material testing, international standards

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5439 − 95 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Sediment in Moellon
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the toluene
toluene insoluble sediment contained in Moellon.
insolublesedimentcontainedinMoellon.Thistestmethodwas
derived from Test Method D473.
4. Apparatus
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1 Extraction Apparatus (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), consisting
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
of the parts described in 4.1.1 – 4.1.6.
standard.
4.1.1 ExtractionFlask,awide-neckErlenmeyerflaskof1-L
capacity.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1.2 Condenser, a condenser in the form of a metal coil
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
approximately 25 mm in diameter and 50 mm in length
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
attached to, and with the ends projecting through a lid of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
sufficient diameter to cover the neck of the flask as shown in
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Fig. 1. The coil should be made from stainless steel, tin,
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
tin-plated copper, or tin-plated brass tubing having an outside
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
diameter of 5 to 8 mm and a wall thickness of 1.5 mm. If
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
constructed of tin-plated copper or brass, the tin coating shall
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
have a minimum thickness of 0.075 mm. The exposed surface
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of the coil for cooling purposes is about 115 cm .
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1.3 ExtractionThimble—Theextractionthimbleshouldbe
of a refractory porous material, pore size index P15, 25 mm in
2. Referenced Documents
diameter by 70 mm in height, weighing not less than 15 g and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
not more than 17 g. The thimble shall be suspended from the
D473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils
condenser coil by means of a basket so that it hangs approxi-
by the Extraction Method
mately midway between the surface of the extracting solvent
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
and the bottom of the condenser coil.
Petroleum Products
4.1.4 Thimble Basket—The thimble basket shall be
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
corrosion-resistant, shall be made of platinum, stainless steel,
Petroleum Products
nickel-chromium alloy, or similar material, and shall meet the
requirements of Fig. 2.
2.2 ISO Standard:
4.1.5 Water Cup—Awater cup shall be used when testing a
ISO 5272 Toluene for Industrial Use - Specifications
samplehavingahigh-watercontent(seeFig.1b).Thecupshall
be made of glass, shall be conical in shape, shall be approxi-
mately 20 mm in diameter and 25 mm deep, and shall have a
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
capacity of approximately 3 mL.Aglass hook fused on the rim
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.08 on Fats and Oils. This test
at one side is so shaped that when hung on the condenser the
method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.
(Method H 23–1957).
cup hangs with its rim reasonably level. In this procedure, the
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2019. Published September 2019. Originally
thimble basket is suspended either as shown in Fig. 1aby
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5439 – 95(2012).
meansofthecorrosion-resistantwireloopedoverthebottomof
DOI: 10.1520/D5439-95R19.
the condenser coil and attached to the basket supports or as in
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Fig. 1b where the wire supports of the basket are attached to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
hooks soldered to the underside of the condenser lid.
the ASTM website.
4.1.6 SourceofHeat,asourceofheat,preferablyahotplate,
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. suitable for vaporizing toluene.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5439 − 95 (2019)
Ensure that the rate of extraction is such that the surface of the
mixture of oil and toluene in the thimble does not rise higher
than to within 20 mm of the top.
7.4 When testing samples having a high water content, use
the assembly shown in Fig. 1b. In this procedure, any water in
the test portion is removed as its toluene azeotrope and is
collected in the water cup, where it separates as a bottom layer.
The toluene layer overflows into the thimble. If the cup
becomes full of water, allow the apparatus to cool and empty
the cup.
7.5 After the extraction is completed, dry the thimble for 1
NOTE 1—Apparatus B shows the water cup in position.
h at 115 to 120°C; cool in a desiccator, without desiccant, for
FIG. 1 Extraction Apparatus for Determination of Sediment
1 h and weigh to the nearest 0.2 mg.
7.6 Repeat the extraction, allowing the solvent to drip from
5. Solvent
thethimbleforatleast1hbutnotlongerthan1.25h;dry,cool,
5.1 Toluene, conforming to ISO 5272, Grade 2. and weigh the thimble as described in 7.5. Repeat this
(Warning—Flammable.) extraction
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