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ASTM D4359-90(2019)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid

Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compliance with regulations often requires the determination of whether a material is a liquid or a solid. A similar test is used by the U.S. Department of Transportation for this purpose.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether a viscous material is a liquid or a solid for regulatory purposes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2019
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4359-90(2012) - Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Refers
ASTM D3925-02(2010) - Standard Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Refers
ASTM D3925-02 - Standard Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings
Effective Date
10-Aug-2002
Refers
ASTM D3925-91(1996) - Standard Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings
Effective Date
15-Sep-1991
Referred By
ASTM E3277-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Liquid or Solid State of a Material by Rheometry
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Referred By
ASTM D7887-20 - Standard Guide for Selection of Substitute, Non-hazardous, Liquid Filling Substances for Packagings Subjected to the United Nations Performance Tests
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Referred By
ASTM D4919-23 - Standard Guide for Testing of Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods) Packagings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Referred By
ASTM F3429/F3429M-23 - Standard Specification for Performance of Flame Mitigation Devices Installed in Disposable and Pre-Filled Flammable Liquid Containers
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Referred By
ASTM F3159-15(2022) - Standard Safety Specification for Liquid Laundry Packets
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Referred By
ASTM F3363-19 - Standard Specification for Unvented Liquid/Gel Fuel-Burning Portable Devices
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019

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ASTM D4359-90(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a SolidASTM D4359-90(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
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ASTM D4359-90(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4359 − 90 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether a
5.1 Paint Can, 1 L (1 quart), with lid, diameter approxi-
1 3
viscous material is a liquid or a solid for regulatory purposes.
mately 108 mm (4 ⁄4 in.), height 120 mm (4 ⁄4 in.).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.2 Oven, maintained at a temperature of 38°C (100°F).
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
5.3 Tripod or Ring Stand.
only.
5.4 Watchglass, tared.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.5 Stopwatch.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.6 Ruler.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Sampling
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
6.1 Using standard sampling techniques, secure a represen-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tative sample from the lot or batch being tested, in accordance
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
with Practices D3925 or E300.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
7. Test Specimen
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
7.1 If the sample is supplied in a friction top quart can that
2. Referenced Documents
is at least 85 % full, use the can and material as supplied.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
7.2 If not, place the material to be tested into the quart can,
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
filling it to at least 85 % and allowing enough ullage for
Pigmented Coatings
expansion of the material without displacement of the cover.
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
Tightly close the can so that no vapor escapes.
3. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 1—The can is considered 85 % filled when the material level is
3.1 The material under test is held at 38°C (100°F) in a
no more than 20 mm ( ⁄4 in.) below the lip of the can.
tightlyclosedcan.Thelidisremovedandthecaninverted.The
flow of the material from the can is observed to determine
8. Procedure
whether it is a solid or a liquid.
8.1 Place the can with the material in an oven maintained at
4. Significance and Use
38 6 3°C (100 6 5°F). Allow the contents of the can to come
to temperature equilibrium (18 to 24 h).
4.1 Compliance with regulations often requires the determi-
nation of whether a material is a liquid or a solid.Asimilar test
8.2 Place the tripod or ring stand on a level surface.
is used by the U.S. Department of Transportation for this
8.3 After the material has come to temperature equilibrium
purpose.
take the can from the oven and immediately remove the lid.
With the ruler, measure the distance from the surface of the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
material to the top of the lip of the can and record.
and Related
...

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SCOPE
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5.1 As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is reduced. When all other factors are held constant, increased brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent improvement in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for easier application (that is, the amount of time and effort in applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser degree of brush drag).  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-borne paints.  
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also applicable to solvent-borne paints.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)

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5.1 Coatings attached to substrates are subjected to damaging impacts during the manufacture of articles and their use in service. In its use over many years, this test method for impact resistance has been found to be useful in predicting the performance of organic coatings for their ability to resist cracking caused by impacts.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for rapidly deforming by impact a coating film and its substrate and for evaluating the effect of such deformation.  
1.2 This test method should be restricted to testing in only one laboratory when numerical values are used because of the poor reproducibility of the method. Interlaboratory agreement is improved when ranking is used in place of numerical values.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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