ASTM E1007-97
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Tapping Machine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support Structures
Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Tapping Machine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support Structures
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the transmission of impact sound generated by a standard tapping machine through floor-ceiling assemblies and associated supporting structures in field situations.
1.2 Measurements may be conducted on all types of floor-ceiling assemblies, including those with floating-floor or suspended ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assemblies surfaced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-covering materials.
1.3 This test method further prescribes:
1.3.1 A uniform procedure for reporting test data, that is, the normalized one-third octave band sound pressure levels generated in the receiving room by the operation of the standard tapping machine on the floor-ceiling assembly.
1.3.2 The use of a single-figure classification rating, "Field Impact Insulation Class, FIIC" that can be used by architects, builders, and specification and code authorities for acoustical evaluation purposes in completed buildings. The FIIC is obtained by matching a standard reference contour to the plotted normalized one-third octave band sound pressure levels at each test frequency obtained in accordance with 8.2. For details regarding the derivation and significance of the FIIC, see Classification E989.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E 1007 – 97
Standard Test Method for
Field Measurement of Tapping Machine Impact Sound
Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies and
Associated Support Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is part of a set of standards for evaluating the sound insulating properties of
building elements. It is designed to measure the impact sound insulation of a floor-ceiling assembly
and associated supporting structures in field situations using a standard tapping machine. Other in the
set cover laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission through floor-ceiling assemblies (Test
Method E 492); and the laboratory (Test Method E 90) and field (Test Method E 336) methods of
measuring airborne sound transmission loss of building partitions such as walls, floor-ceiling
assemblies, doors, and other space-dividing elements; the measurement of sound transmission through
building facades and facade elements (Guide E 966); the measurement of sound transmission through
a common plenum between two rooms (Test Method E 1414), a quick method for the determination
of airborne sound isolation in multiunit buildings (Practice E 597), and the measurement of sound
transmission through door panels and systems (Test Method E 1408).
1. Scope method. For details regarding the derivation and significance of
the FIIC, see Classification E 989.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the trans-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mission of impact sound generated by a standard tapping
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
machine through floor-ceiling assemblies and associated sup-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
porting structures in field situations.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2 Measurements may be conducted on all types of floor-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ceiling assemblies, including those with floating-floor or sus-
pended ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assemblies
2. Referenced Documents
surfaced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-covering
2.1 ASTM Standards:
materials.
C 634 Terminology Relating to Environmental Acoustics
1.3 This test method further prescribes:
E 90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of
1.3.1 A uniform procedure for reporting test data, that is, the
Airborne-Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions
normalized one-third octave band sound pressure levels gen-
E 336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound
erated in the receiving room by the operation of the standard
Insulation in Buildings
tapping machine on the floor-ceiling assembly.
E 492 Test Method of Laboratory Measurement of Impact
1.3.2 The use of a single-figure classification rating, “Field
Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies
Impact Insulation Class, FIIC” that can be used by architects,
Using the Tapping Machine
builders, and specification and code authorities for acoustical
E 597 Practice for Determining a Single-Number Rating of
evaluation purposes in completed buildings. The FIIC is
Airborne Sound Isolation for Use in Multiunit Building
obtained by matching a standard reference contour to the
Specifications
plotted normalized one-third octave band sound pressure levels
E 966 Guide for Field Measurement of Airborne Sound
at each test frequency obtained in accordance with this test
Insulation of Building Facades and Facade Elements
E 989 Classification for Determination of Impact Insulation
1 Class (IIC)
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-33 on
Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.03 on
Sound Transmission.
Current edition approved March 10, 1997. Published August 1997. Originally
published as E 1007 – 84. Last previous edition E 1007 – 96. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1007–97
E 1408 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of the 4.2 Since the spectrum and level depend on the absorption
Sound Transmission Loss of Door Panels and Door Sys- of the receiving room, the impact sound pressure levels are
tems normalized to a reference absorption for purposes of compar-
E 1414 Test Method for Airborne Sound Attenuation Be- ing results obtained in receiving rooms that differ in absorp-
tween Rooms Sharing a Common Ceiling Plenum tion.
2.2 ANSI Standards:
S1.4 Specification for Sound-Level Meters
5. Significance and Use
S1.10 Pressure Calibration of Laboratory Standard Pressure
5.1 The spectrum of the noise produced in the receiving
Microphones
room by the standard tapping machine is determined by (1) the
S1.11 Specification for Octave Band and Fractional-Octave-
size and the mechanical properties of the floor-ceiling assem-
Band Analog and Digital Filters
bly, such as its weight, surface properties, mounting or edge
2.3 ISO Standard:
restraints, stiffness, and internal damping; (2) the acoustical
ISO 140—Acoustics—Measurement of Sound Insulation in
response of the receiving room; and (3) the degree of flanking
Buildings and of Building Elements; Part VI—Laboratory
transmission through associated structures.
Measurement of Impact Sound Insulation of Floors, and
5.2 The standardized tapping machine specified in 7.1.1
Part VII—Field Measurements of Impact Sound Insula-
produces a continuous series of uniform impacts at a uniform
tion of Floors
rate on a test floor assembly and generates in the receiving
2.4 IEC Standard:
room broadband sound pressure levels high enough to make
IEC 804 Specification for Integrating Sound Level Meters
accurate and reproducible measurements possible. The tapping
machine, however, is not designed to simulate any one type of
3. Terminology
impact, such as male or female footsteps nor to simulate the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms pertaining to
weight of a human walker. Thus the subjectively annoying
acoustics used in this test method, see Terminology C 634.
creak or boom generated by human footfalls on a limber floor
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
assembly may not be adequately evaluated by this test method.
3.2.1 source room—the room containing the tapping ma-
5.3 Test Method E 492 calls for the elimination of flanking
chine.
sound transmission and for highly diffuse sound fields in the
3.2.2 receiving room—a room below or adjacent to the floor
receiving room. The problems associated with making acous-
specimen under test in which the impact sound pressure levels
tical measurements in buildings are much more difficult than
are measured.
those met in the laboratory. In ordinary buildings, a great
NOTE 1—The receiving room is usually the room below the floor
variety of test room shapes and sizes are encountered. The
specimen but it may also be on the same level, diagonally below, or, in
amount of energy exchange at the nominal boundaries of the
some cases, it could be above the source room.
test specimen, the manner of construction and factors such as
3.2.3 impact sound pressure level—the average sound pres- structure-borne flanking paths, for example, transmission in the
sure level in a specified frequency band produced in the
side walls, varies widely. Highly diffuse fields are seldom
receiving room by the operation of the standard tapping found in the field and the special efforts that would be required
machine on the floor assembly, averaged over each of the
to simulate laboratory conditions and eliminate flanking sound
specified machine positions. are impractical.
3.2.4 normalized impact sound pressure level—the impact
5.4 This test method accepts these limitations and gives
sound pressure level normalized to a reference absorption of 10
measurement procedures for determining the average impact
m (108 sabins).
sound pressure level in nearly all cases that may be encoun-
3.2.5 field impact insulation class (FIIC)—a single-number
tered in the field. The test procedure evaluates the floor-ceiling
rating derived from measured values of normalized one-third
assembly and adjacent structures as installed (including
octave band impact sound pressure levels in accordance with
structure-borne flanking paths). Results are not meant to be
Classification E 989.
identical to laboratory tests of the floor-ceiling assembly alone.
Because of the uncontrollable factors mentioned in 5.1-5.3,
NOTE 2—FIIC provides an estimate of the sound insulating perfor-
caution must be used when using test results to predict the
mance of a floor-ceiling assembly and associated support structures under
performance of other floors with similar construction. It is
tapping machine excitation.
preferable to confine the use of test results to the comparison of
4. Summary of Test Method
closely similar floors and supporting structures.
4.1 A standard tapping machine is placed in operation on a
floor specimen. The transmitted impact sound is characterized 6. Test Specimens
by the one-third octave band spectrum of the average sound
6.1 Types—All types of floor-ceiling assemblies surfaced
pressure level produced by the tapping machine in the receiv-
with any type of material may be tested by this test method,
ing room located beneath or adjacent to the floor specimen
including assemblies with floating floors or suspended ceilings.
under test.
6.1.1 In all cases the test specimen should be installed in
accordance with customary field practice including normal
constraint and sealing conditions at the perimeter and at the
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036. joints within the specimen.
E1007–97
TABLE 1 Recommended Minimum Aging Periods Before Test
with about 400 mm between the two end hammers. The
Recommended Minimum machine shall deliver 10 impacts/s at equal intervals, such that
Material
Aging Period
the time between successive impacts is 100 6 5 ms. The
Masonry 28 days
effective mass of each hammer shall be 0.5 6 0.012 kg. The
Plaster:
drop of a hammer on a flat hard floor shall be equivalent to a
Thicker than 3 mm ( ⁄8 in.) 28 days
free drop without friction of 40 6 1 mm. The part of the
Thinner than 3 mm ( ⁄8 in.) 3 days
Wallboard Partitions:
hammer that strikes the floor shall be a cylinder of steel, 30 mm
With water-base laminating adhesives 14 days
in diameter with a spherical steel end having a radius of 500 6
With non-water-base laminating adhesives 3 days
10 mm. Check both the hammer drop and the radius of
With typical joint and finishing compounds 12 h
Other As appropriate for caulking
curvature of the hammer heads with a gage or template for
and adhesive compounds
conformance with the given specifications. Replace hammer
involved
heads failing to meet the specifications.
7.1.2 The bottoms of the machine supports shall be at least
100 mm from the nearest hammer and capped with soft sponge
6.2 Aging of Specimens—Test specimens that incorporate
rubber pads about 5 mm thick so that the requirements in 7.2.1
materials for which there is a curing process (for example,
are satisfied.
adhesives, plasters, concrete, mortar, and damping compound)
shall age for a sufficient interval before testing. Aging periods NOTE 4—Investigations (1) involving light-frame floating floors have
shown that both the resiliency of the tapping machine supports as well as
for certain common materials are recommended in Test
their spacing from the hammers significantly affect the impact sound
Method E 90 and summarized in Table 1 of this test method.
pressure levels in frequency bands below 400 Hz.
6.3 Installation of Floor-Surfacing Materials:
7.1.3 Following adjustment of the hammer drop in accor-
6.3.1 Since floor-surfacing materials of significant weight,
dance with the specifications, the tapping machine is ready for
such as carpets and pads, may exert a damping or restraining
use on any floor, including those surfaced with soft or resilient
effect on the flexural motion of lightweight floor structures, it
materials.
is recommended that the entire area of the floor structure under
7.2 Operational Noise and Vibration:
test be covered with the floor surfacing materials. Any excep-
7.2.1 The tapping machine shall be constructed so that the
tion to this shall be noted in the test report.
vibratory excitation of the floor structure under test is due
6.3.2 The installation or application of floor-surfacing ma-
primarily to hammers impacting on the floor surface. The
terials should be in accordance with manufacturer’s instruc-
one-third octave band noise levels produced in the receiving
tion, especially in regard to cleaning and priming of the
room by excitation of the floor due to the extraneous mechani-
subfloor.
cal operations of the tapping machine shall be at least 10 dB
6.3.3 Floor-surfacing materials that are intended to be ap-
below those produced by the impacting of the hammers. This
plied with adhesive should not be tested merely laying on the
requirement can be verified by placing a strip of soft, very
subfloor unless otherwise noted in the report.
resilient material under the impacting hammers. If there is at
6.3.4 Although most floors are ready for immediate use after
least a 10-dB reduction in the sound pressure level in the
being installed, it is recommended that measurements on floors
receiving room for each frequency band, extraneous vibra-
with adhesive-applied surfacing materials be deferred for at
tional transmission can be considered negligible.
least 24 h after installation to allow the adhesive to cure.
7.2.2 The presence of airborne sound flanking could cause
6.4 Receiving Room Volume—Ideally, the receiving room
atypical noise levels to exist in the receiving room. Therefore,
should be large enough so that an approximately diffuse sound
the sound pressure levels in the receiving room due to airborne
field exists in all measurement bands. In the field, sound fields
transmission of the noise from the operation of the tapping
are deemed acceptable down to 100 Hz if the room volume is
3 3
machine should be at least 10 dB less than those due to hammer
greater than 60 m (2100 ft ), to 125 Hz if the room volume is
3 3
impacts transmitted structurally (see also 7.2.1).
greater than 40 m (1400 ft ), and to 160 Hz if the room volume
3 3
is greater than 25 m (880 ft ).
NOTE 5—A loudspeaker or other convenient airborne n
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