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ASTM D704-99(2020)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds

Standard Specification for Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds

ABSTRACT
This specification covers compression molding, thermosetting, melamine-formaldehyde molding compounds, resin binder, with or without other resins, intimately combined with fillers, pigments, and any chemical agents needed. The molding compounds shall conform to the requirements specified. Tests shall be performed to determine the properties of the material in accordance with the following test methods: bulk factor; specific gravity; water absorption; impact resistance; flexural strength; deflection temperature; dielectric strength; permittivity and dissipation factor; arc resistance; shrinkage; and comparative tracking index.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers compression molding, thermosetting, melamine-formaldehyde molding compounds as further defined in 4.1, resin binder, with or without other resins, intimately combined with fillers, pigments, and any chemical agents needed.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
Note 1: The properties included in this specification are those required to identify the types of molding compounds covered. There may be other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics. These will be added to the specification as their inclusion becomes generally desirable and the necessary test data and methods become available. Transfer or injection molding will usually result in different physical and electrical characteristics than compression molding.
Note 2: ISO 2122-1977(E) is similar but not equivalent to this specification. Product classification and characterization are not equivalent.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2020
ICS
83.140.99 - Other rubber and plastics products
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.16 - Thermosetting Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D883-24 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Feb-2024
Refers
ASTM D883-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Refers
ASTM D3795-20 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Flow, Cure, and Behavior Properties of Pourable Thermosetting Materials by Torque Rheometer
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM D149-20 - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies
Effective Date
01-Jan-2020
Refers
ASTM D883-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Jan-2020
Refers
ASTM D883-19c - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Aug-2019
Refers
ASTM D6289-13(2019) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Shrinkage from Mold Dimensions of Molded Thermosetting Plastics
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Refers
ASTM D5224-12(2019) - Standard Practice for Compression Molding Test Specimens of Thermosetting Molding Compounds
Effective Date
01-May-2019
Refers
ASTM D883-19a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
15-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM D883-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Feb-2019
Refers
ASTM D883-18a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Dec-2018
Refers
ASTM D883-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018
Refers
ASTM D648-18 - Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
Effective Date
01-Apr-2018
Refers
ASTM D1895-17 - Standard Test Methods for Apparent Density, Bulk Factor, and Pourability of Plastic Materials
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Refers
ASTM D883-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
15-Aug-2017

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ASTM D704-99(2020) - Standard Specification for Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding CompoundsASTM D704-99(2020) - Standard Specification for Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds
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ASTM D704-99(2020) - Standard Specification for Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D704 −99 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
Melamine-Formaldehyde Molding Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Impact Resistance of Plastics
D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, DryArc
1.1 This specification covers compression molding,
Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
thermosetting, melamine-formaldehyde molding compounds
D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
as further defined in 4.1, resin binder, with or without other
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
resins, intimately combined with fillers, pigments, and any
D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics
chemical agents needed.
Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D731 Test Method for Molding Index of Thermosetting
standard.
Molding Powder
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
NOTE1—Thepropertiesincludedinthisspecificationarethoserequired
to identify the types of molding compounds covered. There may be other
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics.These will be
als
added to the specification as their inclusion becomes generally desirable
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
and the necessary test data and methods become available. Transfer or
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
injection molding will usually result in different physical and electrical
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
characteristics than compression molding.
NOTE 2—ISO 2122-1977(E) is similar but not equivalent to this
D1895 Test Methods forApparent Density, Bulk Factor, and
specification. Product classification and characterization are not equiva-
Pourability of Plastic Materials
lent.
D1896/D1896M Practice for Transfer Molding Test Speci-
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
mens of Thermosetting Compounds
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D3638 Test Method for Comparative Tracking Index of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Electrical Insulating Materials
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D3795 Test Method for Thermal Flow, Cure, and Behavior
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Properties of PourableThermosetting Materials byTorque
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Rheometer
D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
2. Referenced Documents
D5224 PracticeforCompressionMoldingTestSpecimensof
2.1 ASTM Standards: Thermosetting Molding Compounds
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and D6289 Test Method for Measuring Shrinkage from Mold
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials Dimensions of Molded Thermosetting Plastics
at Commercial Power Frequencies 2.2 ASTM Manual:
D150 Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit- Manual 7 Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart
tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation Analysis, 8th Edition
D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum 2.3 ISO Standard:
ISO 2122-1977(E) Plastics—Aminoplastic Molding
Materials—Specification
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.16 on Thermosetting 3. Terminology
Materials.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of technical terms pertain-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally
approvedin1943.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2012asD704 - 99(2012).DOI: ing to plastics used in this specification seeTerminologyD883.
10.1520/D0704-99R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request MNL7–8TH.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D704−99 (2020)
4. Classification 6. Property Requirements
4.1 The molding compounds covered by this specification 6.1 The molding compounds covered by this specification,
when molded in accordance with Practice D5224, shall con-
shall be designated by types, based upon their principal
characteristics and the fillers used. form to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
4.1.1 Type 1—General-purpose compound with cellulose
6.2 Therequiredplasticityshallbeagreeduponbetweenthe
filler,availableincolors,white,andblack.Suitableforgeneral,
purchaser and producer or supplier. Test Methods D731 and
mechanical, and electrical applications.
D3795 are suggested for measuring plasticity and rate of cure.
4.1.2 Type 2—A mineral- and flock-filled compound for
6.3 The requirements in Table 1 shall be considered as
industrial uses involving elevated-temperature and electrical
minimum or maximum average values. Individual test results
applications.
may vary 610 % from the average, in most cases (Note 5). In
4.1.3 Type 3—Acompound with chopped cotton-cloth filler,
the case of arc resistance, all test results must be averaged,
having greater impact strength than the other Types 1 through
when practicable, and the range of test results must always be
7.
reported. For all other tests, a single result beyond the range of
4.1.4 Type 5—Unreinforced molding compound with high
four times the estimated standard deviation must be discarded,
translucency, particularly suited for small pearlescent mold-
retests made, and the resulting value substituted for the
ings.
discarded value (Note 6).
4.1.5 Type 6—A wood-filled compound for general indus-
NOTE 5—The moisture content of the molding compound and the
trial uses involving mechanical and electric applications.
molded part, as well as mold design, molding process, and molding
4.1.6 Type 7—Sim
...

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Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Molding and Extrusion Compounds (CAB)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for plasticized cellulose acetate butyrate thermoplastic compounds suitable for injection molding and extrusion. These compounds have a butyryl content less than 38 % and an acetyl content less than 15 % and may or may not contain dyes and pigments. This specification does not include special materials compounded for special applications. Cellulosic plastic materials, being thermoplastic, are reprocessable and recyclable. This specification allows for the use of those cellulosic materials, provided that all specific requirements of this specification are met. Test specimens of the thermoplastic compounds shall conform to the prescribed specific gravity, tensile stress at yield, flexural modulus, Izod impact strength, water absorption and weight loss on heating. The materials shall also be subject to color-visual, color-quantitative, and plasticizer content analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification system covers requirements for plasticized cellulose acetate butyrate thermoplastic compounds suitable for injection molding and extrusion. These compounds have a butyryl content less than 38 % and an acetyl content less than 15 % and can contain dyes and pigments. This classification system does not include special materials compounded for special applications. Cellulosic plastic materials, being thermoplastic, are reprocessable and recyclable. This classification system allows for the use of those cellulosic materials, provided that all specific requirements of this classification system are met.  
1.2 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are specified by using the suffixes as given in Section 5.  
1.3 This classification system and subsequent line call out (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field only after careful consideration of the design and performance required of the part, environment to which it will be exposed, fabrication process to be employed, costs involved, and inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 12, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7258-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Polymeric Piles

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the physical and performance requirements for round and rectangular cross-section polymeric piles in axial and lateral load-bearing applications including, by not limited to, marine, waterfront, and corrosive environments. It does not apply to individual polymeric pile products, sheet piles, and other mechanically connected polymeric pile products using inter-locking systems. Covered here are six types of polymeric piles that are fabricated from materials that may be virgin, recycled, or both, as long as the finished product meets all of the criteria specified herein. These types are: Type I, polymeric only; Type II, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of chopped, milled or continuous fiber or mineral; Type III, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of metallic bars, cages, or shapes; Type IV, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of non-metallic bars or cages; Type V, polymeric composite tube with a concrete core; and Type VI, any other polymeric piling meeting the requirements stated herein and not otherwise described by Types I through V. The polymeric tiles shall adhere to specified physical attributes such as size, cross-sectional shape, length, straightness, placement of reinforcement, and surface conditions. The performance requirements which pile specimens shall conform to include creep rupture, serviceability, flexural properties, shear strength, bearing strength, design flexural stiffness, energy absorption, compressive strength, combined stresses, dimensional stability (thermal expansion), hygrothermal cycling, and flame spread index.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses the use of round and rectangular cross-section polymeric piles in axial and lateral load-bearing applications, including but not limited to marine, waterfront, and corrosive environments.  
1.2 This specification is only applicable to individual polymeric pile products. Sheet pile and other mechanically connected polymeric pile products using inter-locking systems, are not part of this specification.  
1.3 The piling products considered herein are characterized by the use of polymers, whereby (1) the pile strength or stiffness requires the inclusion of the polymer, or (2) a minimum of fifty percent (50 %) of the weight or volume is derived from the polymer. The type classifications of polymeric piles described in Section 4 show how they can be reinforced by composite design for increased stiffness or strength.  
1.4 This specification covers polymeric piles fabricated from materials that are virgin, recycled, or both, as long as the finished product meets all of the criteria specified herein. Diverse types and combinations of inorganic filler systems are permitted in the manufacturing of polymeric piling products. Inorganic fillers include such materials as talc, mica, silica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, etc. Pilings are often placed in service where they will be subjected to continuous damp or wet exposure conditions. Due to concerns of water sensitivity and possible affects on mechanical properties in such service conditions, organic fillers, including lignocellulosic materials such as those made or derived from wood, wood flour, flax shive, rice hulls, wheat straw, and combinations thereof, are not permitted in the manufacturing of polymeric piling products.  
1.5 The values are stated in inch-pound units as these are currently the most common units used by the construction industry.  
1.6 Polymeric piles under this specification are designed using design stresses determined in accordance with Test Methods D6108, D6109, and D6112 and procedures contained within this specification unless otherwise specified.  
1.7 Although in some instances it will be an important component of the pile design, frictional properties are currently beyond the scope of this document.  
1.8 Criteria for design are included as part of this specification for polymeric piles. Certain Types and...

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ASTM
ASTM D7486-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fines and Dust Particles on Plastic Pellets by Wet Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Molding and extruding plastic pellets require dust free, dry pellets to prevent processing problems. Plastic producers try to remove the dust and streamers with dust removal systems prior to packaging and loading. How to accurately measure dust and streamer content in plastic pellets is an important quality control issue.  
5.2 Particle size analysis is used to determine a percentage of particle size distribution from a representative sample of the whole. In terms of size analysis concerning plastic pellets, sieving is used to determine the dust content in the range of 500 to 2000 micron. Test Method D1921, Test Method B, is used to determine this type of particle sizing.  
5.3 After dry sieve analysis, particles smaller than 500 microns need to be analyzed by wet method. A fresh sample shall be used for wet analysis. This test method allows washing down the fines attached to the pellets by electrostatic forces.  
5.4 The wet analysis provides accurate quantification of small to large amounts of fines, negating static effects, and eliminating detrimental effects of mechanical agitation. A wet analysis must be employed to accurately quantify lower PPM dust levels in plastic pellets.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the amount of fine particles adhered on plastic pellets or granules in which they are commonly produced and supplied. The lower limit of this test method is restricted only by the porosity of the filter disc used to capture the particle size being quantified.  
1.2 The wet analysis technique allows for separation and collection of statically charged particles by liquid wash and filtration methods. This must be performed under standard laboratory conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This test method describes an essential practice to check the quality of plastics once the production cycle is terminated and to evaluate the performance of pellet cleaning systems or of the special pneumatic conveying systems for the distinct size fractions below 500 micron only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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