ASTM D3022-84(1996)e1

Standard Test Method for Color and Strength of Color Pigments by Use of a Miniature Sandmill

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, through the use of a miniature sandmill, of the color and strength of dry color pigments.  
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-1996
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.26 - Optical Properties

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D3022-84(2005) - Standard Test Method for Color and Strength of Color Pigments by Use of a Miniature Sandmill
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D7540-09(2019) - Standard Practice for Dispersion of Chromatic Pigments with a Mechanical Muller
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1996

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:D3022–84(Reapproved1996)
Standard Test Method for
Color and Strength of Color Pigments by Use of a Miniature
Sandmill
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3022; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial changes and Keywords were added in December 1996.
1. Scope 2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:
Miniature sandmill
1.1 This test method covers the determination, through the
use of a miniature sandmill, of the color and strength of dry
3. Significance and Use
color pigments.
3.1 This test method is a way of testing the color and
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
strength of pigments by use of a miniature sandmill. It
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
correlates well with industrial practice and is used for routine
information only.
quality control.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Balance, sensitive to 10 mg with a capacity in excess of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
300 g.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
4.2 Miniature Sandmill—A laboratory disperser equipped
statements, see Section 6.
with a 1 ⁄8-in. (41-mm) diameter fiber rotary disk impeller
2. Referenced Documents rotating at a constant 8000 r/min under varying load condi-
tions. The shaft upon which the impeller is mounted shall be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sufficiently balanced so no whip of the shaft is observed
C 778 Specification for Standard Sand
between 0 and 10 000 r/min.
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
3 4.3 Cylinder, 100-mL graduated.
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
4 4.4 Beakers, 200-mLtall-form, stainless steel, or polyethyl-
D 523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
ene (approximately 60-mm inside diameter).
D 2244 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences
4 4.5 Strainers, paper cone, disposable, about 40 mesh.
from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
4.6 Fiber Disks,1 ⁄8-in. (41-mm) diameter phenolic lami-
E 97 Test Method for Directional Reflectance Factor, 45-
nated, ⁄4 in. (6 mm) thick.
deg 0-deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band Filter
5 4.7 Paper Charts, smooth, surface-coated, the surface of
Reflectometry
which should be impervious to paint liquids.
E 308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by
4 4.8 Film Applicator, with an 8-mil (200-µm) clearance at
Using the CIE System
6 least 3 in. (75 mm) wide.
2.2 Federal Specification:
4.9 Color-Measuring Instruments, as defined in Test
TT-R-266 Resin, Alkyd; Solutions
Method E 97 or Practice E 308.
1 7
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint Drawings are available from ASTM Headquarters. Order Adjunct ADJD3022.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of The sole source of supply of the disks known to the committee at this time is
Subcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties. Gardner/BYK-Gardner, Inc., Gardner Laboratory, 2435 Linden Lane, Silver Spring,
Current edition approved April 27, 1984. Published July 1984. Originally MD20910.Ifyouareawareofalternativesuppliers,pleaseprovidethisinformation
published as D 3022 – 72. Last previous edition D 3022 – 72 (1978). to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
2 1
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
3 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. Thesolesourceofsupplyofthewhiteandblackchartsknowntothecommittee
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. at this time is the Leneta Co., 15Whitney Rd., Mahwah, NJ 07430. If you are aware
Discontinued; see 1992 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters.
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700 Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. technical committee, which you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3022
FIG. 1 Oil Absorption Spatula Procedure
5. Materials spirits conforming to Specification D 235 (2 parts alkyd and 1
part mineral spirits by weight).
5.1 Samples of standard reference pigments as agreed upon
5.4 White Tinting Paint—A flat white tinting paint compat-
between the purchaser and the seller.
ible with the dispersion vehicle meeting the following require-
5.2 Standard Sand —Regular 20 to 30-mesh (850 to 600-
ments.
µm) cement testing sand conforming to Specification C 778.
5.4.1 Gloss (60°) less than 4, as determined by Test
Thesandshallbescreenedtoremoveallsub30-meshparticles.
Method D 523.
Twenty to thirty-mesh glass beads may be used instead of
11 5.4.2 Contrast Ratio (2-mil (51-µm) dry film): 99.2 min.
sand.
5.5 Drier Blend—One part 6 % manganese naphthenate, 2
5.3 Grinding Vehicle—Along oil alkyd meeting U.S. Fed.
parts 6 % cobalt naphthenate, and 4 parts 24 % lead naphth-
Spec. TT-R-266 Type 1-Areduced to 47 % solids with mineral
enate by weight.
6. Hazards
The sole source of supply of the sand known to the committee at this time is
6.1 Whileoperatingthemill,keephandswellawayfromthe
Agsco Division,American Graded Sand Co., 189 E. 7th St., Patterson, NJ 07524. If
shaft and disk and be sure that no article of clothing (for
you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the example, necktie or long hair) will catch on moving parts.This
responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
precaution applies to all cases where the mill is in operation.
The sole source of supply of the glass beads known to the committee at this
time is Quackenbusch Co., P. O. Box 607, Palatine, IL 60067. If you are aware of
7. Procedure for Mass Color
alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your
7.1 Weigh to the nearest 10 mg an appropriate amount of
comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend.
pigment to be tested into a 200-mL tall-form beaker. (The
A long oil soya or safflower alkyd at 70 % solids with the following
amount of pigment needed can be calculated from the graph
characteristics: Nonvolatile 70 6 1 %, phthalic anhydride 23 % min, fatty acids 60
showninFig.1orobtainedfromthetableonthegraph.)Tothe
to 65 %, dihydric alcohol 4 % max, acid number 5 to 10, specific gravity
0.950–0.970, Gardner color 10. pigment in the beaker carefully weigh in 55.00 6 0.01 g of the
D3022
longoilalkydgrindingvehicle(Note1).Thenadd60mLof20 lowest reflectance reading between 420 and 680 mm, or at the
to 30-mesh sand from a graduated cylinder and 1.00 6 0.01 g agreed upon band of wavelengths, and use it in the calculation.
of the drier blend. Stir the sand, vehicle, and pigment with a Read and record the reflectance to at least the nearest
...