ASTM A340-17a

Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Oct-2017
• ICS: 29.030 - Magnetic materials
• Technical Committee: A06 - Magnetic Properties
• Drafting Committee: A06.92 - Terminology and Definitions

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A340-17 - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017
• Replaced By: ASTM A340-18 - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A976-18 - Standard Classification of Insulating Coatings for Electrical Steels by Composition, Relative Insulating Ability and Application
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017
• Referred By: ASTM A34/A34M-06(2021) - Standard Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing of Magnetic Materials
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017
• Referred By: ASTM A977/A977M-07(2020) - Standard Test Method for Magnetic Properties of High-Coercivity Permanent Magnet Materials Using Hysteresigraphs
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017
• Referred By: ASTM A1086-20 - Standard Specification for Thin-Gauge Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017
• Referred By: ASTM A1009-18 - Standard Specification for Soft Magnetic MnZn Ferrite Core Materials for Transformer and Inductor Applications
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017
• Referred By: ASTM A1054-16(2022) - Standard Specification for Sintered Ferrite Permanent Magnets
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017
• Referred By: ASTM A901-19 - Standard Specification for Amorphous Magnetic Core Alloys, Semi-Processed Types
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017
• Referred By: ASTM A876-17e1 - Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed Types
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017
• Referred By: ASTM A596/A596M-21 - Standard Test Method for Direct-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using the Point by Point (Ballistic) Method and Ring Specimens
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017
• Referred By: ASTM E1458-12(2022) - Standard Test Method for Calibration Verification of Laser Diffraction Particle Sizing Instruments Using Photomask Reticles
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017
• Referred By: ASTM A1101-16 - Standard Specification for Sintered and Fully Dense Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) Permanent Magnets
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017
• Referred By: ASTM A889/A889M-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Low Magnetic Flux Density Using the Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter-Varmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Frame
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017
• Referred By: ASTM A838-18 - Standard Specification for Free-Machining Ferritic Stainless Soft Magnetic Alloy Bar for Relay Applications
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A340 −17a
Standard Terminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this glossary of terms, an attempt has been made to avoid, where possible, vector
analysisanddifferentialequationssoastomakethedefinitionsmoreintelligibletotheaverageworker
in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been sacrificed to secure
simplicity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this glossary to be consistent in the use of symbols and units with those found in
ANSI/IEEE 260-1978 and USA Standard Y10.5-1968.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on
Terminology and Definitions.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2017. Published October 2017. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as A340–17. DOI:
10.1520/A0340-17A.
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term ^ magnetomotive force
ff form factor
α cross-sectional area of B coil H magnetic field strength
A cross-sectional area of specimen ∆H excursion range of magnetic field strength
A' solid area H biasing magnetic field strength
b
B H coercive field strength
cB
magnetic flux density
H intrinsic coercive field strength
cJ
H
magnetic induction
H demagnetizing field strength
d
H incremental magnetic field strength
∆
∆B excursion range of induction H air gap magnetic field strength
g
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
B · biased induction
b L
B remanent induction peak value of magnetizing current)
d
H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster-
B remanence
dm m
esis loop
B H energy product
d d
(BH) maximum energy product H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux-
max
max
current loop
B incremental induction
∆
B intrinsic induction H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured
p
i
peak value of exciting current)
B maximum induction in a hysteresis loop
m
B maximum induction in a flux current loop H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci-
t
max
dent with B )
B residual induction
r max
B retentivity H ac magnetic field strength force (from an as-
z
rs
sumed peak value of exciting current)
B saturation induction
s
I ac exciting current (rms value)
cf crest factor
I ac core loss current (rms value)
CM cyclically magnetized condition
c
I constant current
d lamination thickness dc
I ac magnetizing current (rms value)
D demagnetizing coefficient
m
B
J magnetic polarization
df distortion factor
D magnetic dissipation factor k' coupling coefficient
m
! flux path length
E exciting voltage
E induced primary voltage ! effective flux path length
1
1
! gap length
E induced secondary voltage
g
2
+ (also φ N ) flux linkage
E flux volts
f
+ mutual flux linkage
f cyclic frequency in hertz
m
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A340−17a
L self inductance linear expansion, coefficient (average)
α¯
L core inductance
1 ∆χ incremental tolerance
L incremental inductance
β hysteretic angle
∆
L intrinsic inductance
γ loss angle
i
L mutual inductance
m cos γ magnetic power factor
L initial inductance
γ proton gyromagnetic ratio
0
p
L series inductance
s µ magnetic constant
0
L winding inductance
δ density
w
m magnetic moment
κ susceptibility
M magnetization
ac Permeabilities:
m total mass of a specimen
µ ideal permeability
a
m active mass of a specimen
1 µ inductance permeability
L
N demagnetizing factor
µ L incremental inductance permeability
D
∆
N turns in a primary winding
1 µ initial dynamic permeability
0d
N turns in a secondary winding
µ peak permeability
2
p
N I/! ac excitation
1 1 µ incremental peak permeability
∆p
p magnetic pole strength
µ instantaneous permeability
i
3 permeance
µ impedance permeability
z
P active (real) power
µ incremental impedance permeability
∆z
P apparent power
a dc Permeabilities:
P specific apparent power
a (B;f) µ normal permeability
P total core loss
µ absolute permeability
c
abs
P specific core loss
c (B;f) µ differential permeability
d
P incremental core loss
µ incremental permeability
c∆
∆
P normal eddy current core loss
e µ effective circuit permeability
eff
P incremental eddy current core loss
µ incremental intrinsic permeability
∆e
∆i
P normal hysteresis core loss
h µ maximum permeability
m
P incremental hysteresis core loss
µ initial permeabi
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A340 − 17 A340 − 17a
Standard Terminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this glossary of terms, an attempt has been made to avoid, where possible, vector
analysis and differential equations so as to make the definitions more intelligible to the average worker
in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been sacrificed to secure
simplicity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this glossary to be consistent in the use of symbols and units with those found in
ANSI/IEEE 260-1978 and USA Standard Y 10.5-1968.
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term
α cross-sectional area of B coil
A cross-sectional area of specimen
A' solid area
B
magnetic flux density
H
magnetic induction
ΔB excursion range of induction
B · biased induction
b
B remanent induction
d
B remanence
dm
B H energy product
d d
(B H ) maximum energy product
d d m
(BH) maximum energy product
max
B incremental induction
Δ
B intrinsic induction
i
B maximum induction in a hysteresis loop
m
B maximum induction in a flux current loop
max
B residual induction
r
B retentivity
rs
B saturation induction
s
cf crest factor
CM cyclically magnetized condition
d lamination thickness
D demagnetizing coefficient
B
df distortion factor
D magnetic dissipation factor
m
E exciting voltage
E induced primary voltage
1
E induced secondary voltage
2
E flux volts
f
f cyclic frequency in hertz
^ magnetomotive force
ff form factor
H magnetic field strength
ΔH excursion range of magnetic field strength
H biasing magnetic field strength
b
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on Terminology
and Definitions.
Current edition approved July 1, 2017Oct. 15, 2017. Published July 2017October 2017. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 as
ɛ1
A340 – 16A340 – 17. . DOI: 10.1520/A0340-17.10.1520/A0340-17A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A340 − 17a
H coercive field strength
cB
H intrinsic coercive field strength
cJ
H demagnetizing field strength
d
H incremental magnetic field strength
Δ
H air gap magnetic field strength
g
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
L
peak value of magnetizing current)
H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster-
m
esis loop
H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux-
max
current loop
H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured
p
peak value of exciting current)
H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci-
t
dent with B )
max
H ac magnetic field strength force (from an as-
z
sumed peak value of exciting current)
I ac exciting current (rms value)
I ac core loss current (rms value)
c
I constant current
dc
I ac magnetizing current (rms value)
m
J magnetic polarization
k' coupling coefficient
! flux path length
! effective flux path length
1
! gap length
g
+ (also φ N ) flux linkage
+ mutual flux linkage
m
L self inductance
L core inductance
1
L incremental inductance
Δ
L intrinsic inductance
i
L mutual inductance
m
L initial inductance
0
L series inductance
s
L winding inductance
w
m magnetic moment
M magnetization
m total mass of a specimen
m active mass of a specimen
1
N demagnetizing factor
D
N turns in a primary winding
1
N turns in a secondary winding
2
N I/! ac excitation
1 1
p magnetic pole strength
3 permeance
P active (real) power
P apparent power
a
P specific apparent power
a (B;f)
P total core loss
c
P specific core loss
c (B;f)
P incremental core loss
cΔ
P normal eddy current core loss
e
P incremental eddy current core loss
Δe
P normal hysteresis core loss
h
P incremental hysteresis core loss
Δh
P reactive (quadrature) power
q
P residual core loss
r
P winding loss (copper loss)
w
P exciting power
z
P specific exciting power
z (B;f)
Q magnetic storage factor
m
5 reluctance
R core resistance
1
R winding resistance
w
S lamination factor (stacking factor)
SCM symmetrically cyclically magnetized condition
T Curie temperature
c
w lamination width
...