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ASTM A1040-04

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Alloy Steels

Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Alloy Steels

SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a guide to ASTM Subcommittees A01.02, A01.03, A01.06, A01.09, A01.11, A01.15, A01.19, A01.22, and A01.28 for specifying chemical composition limits of wrought carbon, low-alloy, and alloy steels. It is intended that these recommended grade composition limits be suitable for adoption by other standardization bodies that prepare standards for carbon, low-alloy, and alloy steel products, including discontinued steels.
1.2 Included in this guide are the recommendations for determining the number of significant figures for specifying chemical composition.
1.3 The carbon and alloy steel grades in all standards overseen by the aforementioned ASTM subcommittees have been included, except those grades applicable to restricted special end uses.
1.4 Not addressed are minor composition modifications that a specific ASTM subcommittee may find necessary to accommodate effects of normal processing or to enhance fabricability by the producer or user, or both.
1.5 Also not generally addressed (except where established by ASTM subcommittees) is a complete rationalization of all limits, especially where such would conflict with long-standing practices and is not justified by special technical effect.
1.6 This guide does not address discontinued or formerly standard steel grades. A listing of such steel grades can be found in SAE J 1249. Also excluded from this guide are cast materials and welding filler metals.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2004
ICS
77.140.01 - Iron and steel products in general
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.15 - Bars
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM A1040-06 - Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Alloy Steels
Effective Date
15-Jun-2006
Referred By
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Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1002-22 - Standard Specification for Steel Self-Piercing Tapping Screws for Application of Gypsum Panel Products or Metal Plaster Bases to Wood Studs or Steel Studs
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM C954-22 - Standard Specification for Steel Drill Screws for the Application of Gypsum Panel Products or Metal Plaster Bases to Steel Studs from 0.033 in. (0.84 mm) to 0.112 in. (2.84 mm) in Thickness
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM A510/A510M-20 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, and Alloy Steel
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM A519/A519M-17 - Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical Tubing
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM A513/A513M-20a - Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical Tubing
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM F547-22 - Standard Terminology of Nails for Use with Wood and Wood-Base Materials
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM A512-18 - Standard Specification for Cold-Drawn Buttweld Carbon Steel Mechanical Tubing
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004

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ASTM A1040-04 - Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Alloy SteelsASTM A1040-04 - Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Alloy Steels
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ASTM A1040-04 - Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Alloy Steels
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A1040–04
Standard Guide for
Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for
Wrought Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Alloy Steels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 1040; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-
lated Alloys, and Ferroalloys
1.1 ThisstandardprovidesaguidetoASTMSubcommittees
2.2 SAE Standards:
A01.02, A01.03, A01.06, A01.09, A01.11, A01.15, A01.19,
SAE J 403 Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels
A01.22, and A01.28 for specifying chemical composition
SAE J 404 Chemical Compositions of SAE Alloy Steels
limits of wrought carbon, low-alloy, and alloy steels. It is
SAE J 1249 Former SAE Standard and Former SAE EX-
intended that these recommended grade composition limits be
Steels
suitable for adoption by other standardization bodies that
prepare standards for carbon, low-alloy, and alloy steel prod-
3. Terminology
ucts, including discontinued steels.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 Included in this guide are the recommendations for
3.1.1 long product, n—generic term describing wrought
determining the number of significant figures for specifying
bars, rod, wire, rail, tubing (welded and seamless), plate, and
chemical composition.
pipe.
1.3 The carbon and alloy steel grades in all standards
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Product forms such as “C” shapes,
overseen by the aforementioned ASTM subcommittees have
“HP” shapes, “L” shapes, “M” shapes, “MC” shapes, “S”
been included, except those grades applicable to restricted
shapes, “W” shapes, and sheet piling are considered long
special end uses.
products. Such product forms are produced to mechanical
1.4 Not addressed are minor composition modifications that
properties and are not normally produced to the chemical
a specific ASTM subcommittee may find necessary to accom-
compositions listed in this guide.
modate effects of normal processing or to enhance fabricability
3.1.2 flat product, n—generictermdescribingwroughtsheet
by the producer or user, or both.
and strip.
1.5 Also not generally addressed (except where established
3.2 Refer toTerminologyA 941 for additional definitions of
by ASTM subcommittees) is a complete rationalization of all
terms used in this guide.
limits,especiallywheresuchwouldconflictwithlong-standing
practices and is not justified by special technical effect.
4. Significance and Use
1.6 This guide does not address discontinued or formerly
4.1 It is anticipated that the ASTM Subcommittees A01.02,
standard steel grades. A listing of such steel grades can be
A01.03,A01.06,A01.09,A01.11,A01.15,A01.19,A01.22,and
found in SAE J 1249. Also excluded from this guide are cast
A01.28 will use the standard composition limits listed in this
materials and welding filler metals.
guide for the grades identified in their product specifications
2. Referenced Documents unless there is a specific technical justification for doing
2 otherwise.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Thecompositionlimitsgiveninthisguidearetobeused
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
as guides in determining limits for each of the elements
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
included in the total composition of each grade. The compo-
sition limits have been established with the intent that each
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, ASTM subcommittee will find it necessary to require only a
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
minimum number of changes to reflect specific technical
A01.97 on Harmonization of Wrought Carbon and Alloy Steel Requirements.
effects. Section 5 lists the general guidelines followed for
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published January 2005.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
the ASTM website. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A1040–04
TABLE 1 Expression of Chemical Composition Limits
6.2 Unless adopted by the appropriate product subcommit-
Chemical Element Chemical Composition Limit tee in an ASTM standard, the compositions described in this
guide shall not be used for specifying an ASTM product.
C, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si Two decimal places (0.xx % ) or (1.xx %)
Al, Ca, N, Nb (Cb), P, S, Sn, Ti, V Three decimal places (0.xxx %)
6.3 Criteria for the addition or deletion of grades from the
B Four decimal places (0.xxxx %)
grade lists in this guide is as follows: (1) New grades will be
considered based upon the grade meeting a standard grade
determining the limits for each element; the limits established
designation and chemistry; (2) New grades shall have an
in this guide are based upon these guidelines.
annual production or consumption of 250 tons (225 Mg); (3)
New grades shall have the sponsorship of at least two indi-
5. General Guidelines Used for Determining Composition
vidual users or producers.
Limits
5.1 Table 1 gives typical chemical composition limits for
7. Keywords
respective elements.
7.1 alloy steels; carbon steels; harmonized carbon, low-
6. Harmonized Standard Grade Wrought Carbon, Low-
alloy, and alloy steel compositions; low-alloy steels
Alloy, and Alloy Steel Compositions
6.1 The harmonized composition limits are given in Tables
2-17, grouped by metallurgical classification. Within all tables,
grades are listed in numerical order.
A1040–04
TABLE 2 Chemical Composition for Nonresulfurized Carbon Steels
A,B,C
Composition, %
Grade P max S max P max S max
CMn
Long Product Flat Product
1001 0.01 max 0.35 max 0.030 0.035
1002 0.02 max 0.35 max 0.030 0.035
1003 0.04 max 0.35 max 0.030 0.035
1004 0.02/0.06 0.35 max 0.030 0.035
1005 0.06 max 0.35 max 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
B
1006 0.02/0.08 0.45 max 0.030 0.035
D
1006 0.08 max 0.25-0.45 0.040 0.050
E
1006 0.08 max 0.45 max 0.030 0.035
1007 0.02/0.10 0.50 max 0.030 0.035
D
1008 0.10 max 0.30-0.50 0.040 0.050
E
1008 0.10 max 0.50 max 0.030 0.035
1009 0.15 max 0.60 max 0.030 0.035
1010 0.08-0.13 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1011 0.08-0.13 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050
1012 0.10-0.15 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
D,F
1013 0.11-0.16 0.50-0.80 0.040 0.050
E
1013 0.11-0.16 0.30-0.60 0.030 0.035
1015 0.13-0.18 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1016 0.13-0.18 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1017 0.15-0.20 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1018 0.15-0.20 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1019 0.15-0.20 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1020 0.18-0.23 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1021 0.18-0.23 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1022 0.18-0.23 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1023 0.20-0.25 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1024 0.18-0.25 1.30-1.65 0.035 0.035
1025 0.22-0.28 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1026 0.22-0.28 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1027 0.22-0.29 1.20-1.55 0.035 0.035
1029 0.25-0.31 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050
1030 0.28-0.34 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1033 0.30-0.36 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1034 0.32-0.38 0.50-0.80 0.040 0.050
1035 0.32-0.38 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1037 0.32-0.38 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1038 0.35-0.42 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1039 0.37-0.44 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1040 0.37-0.44 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1042 0.40-0.47 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1043 0.40-0.47 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1044 0.43-0.50 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.050
1045 0.43-0.50 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1046 0.43-0.50 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1049 0.46-0.53 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1050 0.48-0.55 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1053 0.48-0.55 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050
1055 0.50-0.60 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1059 0.55-0.65 0.50-0.80 0.040 0.050
1060 0.55-0.65 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1064 0.60-0.70 0.50-0.80 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1065 0.60-0.70 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1069 0.65-0.75 0.40-0.70 0.040 0.050
1070 0.65-0.75 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
G
1070m 0.65-0.75 0.80-1.10 0.025 0.025
1071 0.65-0.70 0.75-1.05 0.040 0.050
1074 0.70-0.80 0.50-0.80 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1075 0.70-0.80 0.40-0.70 0.040 0.050
1078 0.72-0.85 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.030 0.030 0.035
1080 0.75-0.88 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1084 0.80-0.93 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1085 0.80-0.93 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1086 0.80-0.93 0.30-0.50 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1090 0.85-0.98 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1095 0.90-1.03 0.30-0.50 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
A
Where silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly specified: 0.10 % maximum, 0.10 % to 0.20 %, 0.15 % to 0.35 %, 0.20 % to 0.40 %, or 0.30%
to 0.60 %.
B
If required, copper can be specified as 0.20 % minimum.
C
Where boron treatment for killed steel is specified for enhanced hardenability, titanium is generally added to shield the boron from oxidation. Boron levels between
0.0005 % and 0.0030 % can be expected for this practice. If the usual titanium addition is not permitted, the steel may contain up to 0.0050 % boron for enhanced
hardenability.
A1040–04
D
Long product.
E
Flat product.
F
SAE 1013 has chemical limits for manganese of 0.30-0.60 %.
G
1070m has chemical limits for silicon, 0.15-0.35 %; chromium, 0.20 % maximum; nickel, 0.25 % maximum; and molybdenum, 0.10 % maximum.
TABLE 3 Chemical Composition for Resulfurized Steels
A,B
Composition, %
Grade
C Mn P max S max
1108 0.08-0.13 0.60-0.80 0.040 0.08-0.13
1109 0.08-0.13 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.08-0.13
1110 0.08-0.13 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.08-0.13
1115 0.13-0.20 0.60-0.90 0.040 0.08-0.13
1116 0.14-0.20 1.10-1.40 0.040 0.16-0.23
1117 0.14-0.20 1.00-1.30 0.040 0.08-0.13
1118 0.14-0.20 1.30-1.60 0.040 0.08-0.13
1119 0.14-0.20 1.00-1.30 0.040 0.24-0.33
1132 0.27-0.32 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.08-0.13
1137 0.32-0.39 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.08-0.13
1139 0.35-0.43 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.13-0.20
1140 0.37-0.44 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.08-0.13
1141 0.37-0.45 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.08-0.13
1144 0.40-0.48 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.24-0.33
1145 0.42-0.49 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.04-0.07
1146 0.42-0.49 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.08-0.13
1151 0.48-0.55 0.70-1.00 0.040 0.08-0.13
A
It is not common practice to produce these steels to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect on machinability.
B
Where silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly specified: 0.10 % maximum, 0.10 % to 0.20 %, 0.15 % to 0.35 %, 0.20 % to 0.40 %, or 0.30%
to 0.60 %.
TABLE 4 Chemical Composition for Rephosphorized and Resulfurized Carbon Steels
A,B
Composition, %
Grade
CMn P S
1211 0.13 max 0.60-0.90 0.07-0.12 0.10-0.15
1212 0.13 max 0.70-1.00 0.07-0.12 0.16-0.23
1213 0.13 max 0.70-1.00 0.07-0.12 0.24-0.33
1215 0.09 max 0.75-1.05 0.04-0.09 0.26-0.35
A
It is not common practice to produce these steels to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect on machinability.
B
Where silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly specified: 0.10 % maximum, 0.10 % to 0.20 %, 0.15 % to 0.35 %, 0.20 % to 0.40 %, or 0.30%
to 0.60 %.
A1040–04
TABLE 5 Chemical Composition for High-Manganese Carbon Steels
A,B,C
Composition, %
Grade P max S max P max S max
CMn
Long Product Flat Product
1513 0.10-0.16 1.10-1.40 0.040 0.050
1518 0.15-0.21 1.10-1.40 0.040 0.050
1522 0.18-0.24 1.10-1.40 0.040 0.050
1524 0.19-0.25 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1525 0.23-0.29 0.80-1.10 0.040 0.050
1526 0.22-0.29 1.10-1.40 0.040 0.050
1527 0.22-0.29 1.20-1.50 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1536 0.30-0.37 1.20-1.50 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1541 0.36-0.44 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1547 0.43-0.51 1.35-1.65 0.040 0.050
1548 0.44-0.52 1.10-1.40 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1551 0.45-0.56 0.85-1.15 0.040 0.050
1552 0.47-0.55 1.20-1.50 0.040 0.050 0.030 0.035
1561 0.55-0.65 0.75-1.05 0.040 0.050
1566 0.60-0.71 0.85-1.15 0.040 0.050
1572 0.65-0.76 1.00-1.30 0.040 0.050
A
Where silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly specified: 0.10 % maximum, 0.10 % to 0.20 %, 0.15 % to 0.35 %, 0.20 % to 0.40 %, or 0.30%
to 0.60 %.
B
If required, copper can be specified as 0.20 % minimum.
C
Ifleadisrequiredasanaddedelementtoastandardsteel,arangeof0.15 %to0.35 %inclusiveisspecified.Suchasteelisidentifiedbyinsertingtheletter“L”between
the second and third numerals of the grade designation, for example, 15L25. A heat analysis is not determinable where lead is added to the ladle stream.
TABLE 6 Chemical Composition for Carbon Steels with Hardenability Requirements
Composition, %
Grade
C Mn P max S max Si
1038H 0.34-0.43 0.50-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.15-0.30
1045H 0.42-0.51 0.50-1.00 0.040 0.050 0.15-0.30
1522H 0.17-0.25 1.00-1.50 0.040 0.050 0.15-0.30
1524H 0.18-0.26 1.25-1.75 0.040 0.050 0.15-0.30
1526H 0.21-0.30 1.00-1.50 0.040 0.050 0.15-0.30
1541H 0.35-0.45 1.25-1.75 0.040 0.050 0.15-0.30
1552H 0.47-0.55 1.00-1.50 0.040 0.050 0.15-0.30
TABLE 7 Chemical Composition for Standard High-Manganese Boron Carbon Steels with Hardenability Requirements
A
Composition, %
Grade
CMn P S Si
15B21H 0.17-0.24 0.70-1.20 0.040 0.050 0.15-0.30
15B35H 0.31-0.39 0.70-1.20 0.040 0.050 0.15-0.30
15B37H 0.30-0.39 1.00-1.50 0.040 0.050 0.15-0.30
15B41H 0.35-0.45 1.25-1.75 0.040 0.050 0.15-0.30
15B48H 0.43-0.53 1.00-1.50 0.040 0.050 0.15-0.30
15B62H 0.54-0.67 1.00-1.50 0.040 0.050 0.15-0.30
A
Where boron treatment for killed steel is specified for enhanced hardenability, titanium is generally added to shield the boron from oxidation. Boron levels between
0.0005 % and 0.0030 % can be expected for this practice. If the usual titanium addition is not permitted, the steel may contain up to 0.0050 % boron for enhanced
hardenability.
TABLE 8 Chemical Composition for Standard High-Manganese Boron Carbon Steels with Restricted Hardenability Requirements
A
Composition, %
Grade
CMn P S Si
15B21 RH 0.17-0.22 0.80-1.10 0.035 0.040 0.15-0.35
15B35 RH 0.33-0.38 0.80-1.10 0.035 0.040 0.15-0.35
A
Where boron treatment for killed steel is specified for enhanced hardenability, titanium is generally added to shield the boron from oxidation. Boron levels between
0.0005 % and 0.0030 % can be expected for this practice. If the usual titanium addition is not permitted, the steel
...

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4.1.3 Some material specifications require the use of additional test methods not described herein; in such cases, the required test method is described in that material specification or by reference to another appropriate test method standard.  
4.2 These test methods are also suitable to be used for testing of steel, stainless steel and related alloy materials for other purposes, such as incoming material acceptance testing by the purchaser or evaluation of components after service exposure.  
4.2.1 As with any mechanical testing, deviations from either specification limits or expected as-manufactured properties can occur for valid reasons besides deficiency of the original as-fabricated product. These reasons include, but are not limited to: subsequent service degradation from environmental exposure (for example, temperature, corrosion); static or cyclic service stress effects, mechanically-induced damage, material inhomogeneity, anisotropic structure, natural aging of select alloys, further processing not included in the specification, sampling limitations, and measuring equipment calibration uncertainty. There is statistical variation in all aspects of mechanical testin...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods2 cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.  
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:    
Sections  
Tension  
7 to 14  
Bend  
15  
Hardness  
16  
Brinell  
17  
Rockwell  
18  
Portable  
19  
Impact  
20 to 30  
Keywords  
32  
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:    
Annex  
Bar Products  
Annex A1  
Tubular Products  
Annex A2  
Fasteners  
Annex A3  
Round Wire Products  
Annex A4  
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing  
Annex A5  
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to
Equivalents for Flat Specimens  
Annex A6    
Testing Multi-Wire Strand  
Annex A7  
Rounding of Test Data  
Annex A8  
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars  
Annex A9  
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation  
Annex A10  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 When these test methods are referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 in. or 8 in. may be report...

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ASTM
ASTM A1080/A1080M-24(Practice)
Standard Practice for Hot Isostatic Pressing of Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloy Castings

ABSTRACT
This practice covers general requirements for Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy castings. HIP is a solid state process which applies heat and pressure simultaneously to objects in an autoclave via an inert gas in such a way as to eliminate internal voids and obtain desired properties. Inert gas is a non-oxidizing gas used for pressurizing a HIP vessel. This practice deals with quality requirements, autoclave type/qualification, temperature uniformity, temperature measurement and control, pressure measurement and control, and gas measurement.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers general requirements for hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy castings.  
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A941-24(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys

SCOPE
1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of terms related to steel, stainless steel, related alloys, and ferroalloys.  
1.2 When a term is used in an ASTM document for which Committee A01 is responsible, it is included herein only when judged, after review by Subcommittee A01.92, to be a generally usable term.  
1.3 Some definitions include a discussion section, which is a mandatory part of the definition and contains additional information that is relevant to the meaning of the defined term.  
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular standard will appear in that standard and will supersede any definitions of identical terms in this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A1008/A1008M-23e1(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, Required Hardness, Solution Hardened, and Bake Hardenable

ABSTRACT
This specification covers cold-rolled, carbon steel sheets, in coils and cut lengths, in the following designations: commercial steels (CS Types A, B, and C); drawing steel (DS Types A and B); deep drawing steel (DDS); extra deep drawing steel (EDDS); structural steel (SS Grades 25[170], 30[205], 33[230] Types 1 and 2, 40[275] Types 1 and 2, 50[340], 60[410], 70[480], and 80[550]); high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLAS Classes 1 and 2 of Grades 45[310], 50[340]. 55[380], 60[410], 65[450], and 70[480]), high-strength low-alloy steel with improved formability (HSLAS-F Grades 50[340], 60[410], 70[480], and 80[550]); solution hardened steel (SHS); and bake hardenable steel (BHS). Conformance of the steel sheets to chemical composition requirements shall be tested by heat analysis. Specimens shall also undergo tension and bending tests and shall conform to specified values of tensile and yield strength, elongation, and bake hardening index. Unless otherwise indicated, sheet surfaces shall have a matte finish and shall be oiled.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cold-rolled, carbon, structural, high-strength low-alloy, high-strength low-alloy with improved formability, required hardness, full hard, solution hardened, and bake hardenable steel sheet, in coils and cut lengths.  
1.2 Cold rolled steel sheet is available in the designations as listed in 4.1.  
1.3 This specification does not apply to steel strip as described in Specification A109/A109M.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A994-23a(Guide)
Standard Guide for Editorial Procedures and Form of Product Specifications for Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The Form and Style Manual provides mandatory requirements and recommended practices for the preparation and content of ASTM specifications. In order to promote consistency in the style and content of product specifications under its jurisdiction, Committee A01 recognizes the need to provide a supplementary document pertaining to the types of products and materials covered by those specifications.  
4.2 This guide contains a list of sections to be considered for inclusion in a specification for steel, stainless steel, and related alloy products, and guidance or recommended wording, or both, for such sections.  
4.3 Persons drafting new product specifications, or modifying existing ones, under the jurisdiction of Committee A01, should follow this guide and the requirements of the Form and Style Manual to ensure consistency.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the editorial form and style for product specifications under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01.
Note 1: For standards other than product specifications, such as test methods, practices, and guides, see the appropriate sections of  Form and Style for ASTM Standards (Blue Book).2  
1.2 Subcommittees preparing new product specifications or revising existing ones should follow the practices and procedures outlined herein, and be guided by the latest specification covering similar commodities.  
1.3 This guide has been prepared as a supplement to the current edition of the Form and Style Manual, and is appropriate for use by the subcommittees to Committee A01. This guide is to be applied in conjunction with the Form and Style Manual.  
1.4 If a conflict exists between this guide and the mandatory sections of the current edition of the Form and Style Manual, the Form and Style Manual requirements have precedence. If a conflict exists between this guide and the nonmandatory sections of the current edition of the Form and Style Manual, the guide has precedence.  
1.5 When patents are involved, the specifications writer should refer to section F3 of the Form and Style Manual. Also, refer to part F of the Form and Style Manual for trademark information and the safety hazards caveat.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A1040-17(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Alloy Steels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is anticipated that the ASTM Subcommittees A01.02, A01.03, A01.06, A01.09, A01.11, A01.15, A01.19, A01.22, and A01.28 will use the standard composition limits listed in this guide for the grades identified in their product specifications unless there is a specific technical justification for doing otherwise.  
4.2 The composition limits given in this guide are to be used as guides in determining limits for each of the elements included in the total composition of each grade. The composition limits have been established with the intent that each ASTM subcommittee will find it necessary to require only a minimum number of changes to reflect specific technical effects. Section 5 lists the general guidelines followed for determining the limits for each element; the limits established in this guide are based upon these guidelines.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers ASTM Subcommittees A01.02, A01.03, A01.06, A01.09, A01.11, A01.15, A01.19, A01.22, and A01.28 for specifying chemical composition limits of wrought carbon, low-alloy, and alloy steels. It is intended that these recommended grade composition limits be suitable for adoption by other standardization bodies that prepare standards for carbon, low-alloy, and alloy steel products, including discontinued steels.  
1.2 Included in this guide are the recommendations for determining the number of significant figures for specifying chemical composition.  
1.3 The carbon and alloy steel grades in all standards overseen by the aforementioned ASTM subcommittees have been included, except those grades applicable to restricted special end uses.  
1.4 Not addressed are minor composition modifications that a specific ASTM subcommittee may find necessary to accommodate effects of normal processing or to enhance fabricability by the producer or user, or both.  
1.5 Also not generally addressed (except where established by ASTM subcommittees) is a complete rationalization of all limits, especially where such would conflict with long-standing practices and is not justified by special technical effect.  
1.6 This guide does not address discontinued or formerly standard steel grades. A listing of such steel grades can be found in SAE J1249. Also excluded from this guide are cast materials and welding filler metals.  
1.7 In 1995, the AISI made the decision to transfer the responsibility of maintaining its numbering system to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) for carbon and alloy steels (SAE J403 and SAE J404) and to ASTM International for stainless steels (Guide A959 and others). To inform users of this important event, historical information is included in the appendix of this standard.  
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A1012-10(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic, Austenitic and Duplex Alloy Steel Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins

ABSTRACT
This specification describes seamless and welded ferritic, austenitic and duplex alloy steel tubing on which the external or internal surface, or both, has been modified by a cold forming process to produce and integral enhanced surface for improved heat transfer. The integrally enhanced (finned) tubes shall be manufactured from seamless, welded, or welded/cold worked plain tubes that conform to the specified requirements. The tube shall conform to the requirements for tensile properties prescribed in the governing plain tube specification. Pneumatic tests, eddy-current tests, air underwater pressure tests, pressure differential tests, and hydrostatic tests shall be made in accordance with the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes seamless and welded ferritic, austenitic and duplex alloy steel tubing on which the external or internal surface, or both, has been modified by a cold forming process to produce an integral enhanced surface for improved heat transfer. The tubes are used in surface condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers and similar heat transfer apparatus in unfinned end diameters up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm). Boiler tubes are excluded.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only, Section 12, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A1039/A1039M-20(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Hot Rolled, Carbon, Commercial, Structural, and High-Strength Low-Alloy, and Ultra-High Strength, Produced by Twin-Roll Casting Process

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers commercial, structural, high-strength low-alloy, and ultra-high strength steel sheet in coils and cut lengths produced by the twin-roll casting process.  
1.2 The steel sheet is available in the designations listed in Section 4.  
1.3 The material is available in the following sizes:    
Thickness:  
0.027 to 0.078 in. [0.7 to 2.0 mm]  
Width:  
up to 79 in. [2000 mm]  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: A description of the Twin-roll Casting Process is included in Appendix X1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A1010/A1010M-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Higher-Strength Martensitic Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for martensitic stainless steel for various structural, architectural, pressure vessel, and heat-resisting applications. The material shall undergo heat-treatment by tempering. The steel shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition specified for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and nitrogen. Mechanical testing shall be performed on the steel and shall conform to the specified values in mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers martensitic stainless steels for various structural, architectural, pressure vessel, and heat-resisting applications. The mechanical properties of these steels are customarily, but not necessarily, developed by a suitable heat treatment generally referred to as tempering.  
1.2 Steel products under this specification are available in two grades:
Grade  
Yield Strength, min, ksi [MPa]  
40 [275]  
40 [275]  
50 [345]  
50 [345]  
1.3 The maximum thickness of plates is limited only by the capacity of the composition to meet the specified mechanical property requirements; however, current practice normally limits the maximum thickness of plates furnished under this specification to 2 in. [50 mm].  
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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