ASTM E438-92(2011)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Glasses in Laboratory Apparatus
Standard Specification for Glasses in Laboratory Apparatus
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the glasses commonly used to manufacture laboratory glass apparatus. Three types of glasses are included: Type I, Class A which is a low-expansion borosilicate glass, Type I, Class B which is an alumino-borosilicate glass, and Type II which is a soda-lime glass. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of glasses: linear coefficient of expansion, annealing point, softening point, density, and chemical durability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the glasses commonly used to manufacture laboratory glass apparatus.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:E438 −92(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Specification for
Glasses in Laboratory Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E438; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Classification
1.1 This specification covers the glasses commonly used to 3.1 Three types are included, as follows:
manufacture laboratory glass apparatus. 3.1.1 Type I, Class A—A low-expansion borosilicate glass.
3.1.2 Type I, Class B—An alumino-borosilicate glass.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.3 Type II—A soda-lime glass.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Chemical Requirements
C225 Test Methods for Resistance of Glass Containers to
Chemical Attack 4.1 The Type I, Class A and B glasses shall have the major
C338 Test Method for Softening Point of Glass constituents and comply with the restrictions on trace constitu-
C598 Test Method for Annealing Point and Strain Point of ents given in Table 1. The major constituents will be varied to
Glass by Beam Bending maintain the physical requirements as shown.
C729 Test Method for Density of Glass by the Sink-Float
4.2 SuitableTypeIIglassesmayvarysomewhatinchemical
Comparator
composition and still meet essential physical requirements.
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
Two such compositions are shown in Table 2; both are readily
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
available and are used for laboratory apparatus.
5. Physical Requirements
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E41 on
Laboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.01 on
5.1 The physical requirements for glasses shall be as pre-
Apparatus.
scribed in Table 3. The tolerances listed in Table 3 must be on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally
the published values of the manufacturer’s specific glass
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E438 – 92 (2006).
DOI: 10.1520/E0438-92R11.
compositions.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6. Keywords
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 6.1 glasses; laboratory
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E438−92(2011)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements of Type I Glasses
Type I, Class A, Type I, Class B,
weight % weight %
Major constituents, approximate:
SiO
...
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