ASTM E966-10
(Guide)Standard Guide for Field Measurements of Airborne Sound Insulation of Building Facades and Facade Elements
Standard Guide for Field Measurements of Airborne Sound Insulation of Building Facades and Facade Elements
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The best uses of this guide are to measure the OINR and the AOITL(θ) or OITL(θ) at specific angles of incidence. By measuring the AOITL(θ) or OITL(θ) at several loudspeaker sound incidence angles, by energy-averaging the receiving room sound levels before computing results, an approximation of the diffuse field results measured with Test Methods E90 and E336 may be obtained.
The traffic noise method is to be used only for OINR measurements and is most suitable for situations where the OINR of a specimen at a specific location is exposed to an existing traffic noise source.
5.3 The OINR, AOITL(θ), and OITL(θ) produced by the methods described will not correspond to the transmission loss and noise reduction measured by Test Methods E90 and E336 because of the different incident sound fields that exist in the outdoors (1) . All of these results are a function of the angle of incidence of the sound for two reasons.
5.3.1 The transmission loss is strongly influenced by the coincidence effect where the frequency and projected wavelength of sound incident at angle, θ, coincides with the wavelength of a bending wave of the same frequency in the panel (2, 3, 4, 5). This frequency and the angle of least transmission loss (greatest transparency) both depend on specimen panel stiffness, damping and area mass. In diffuse-field testing as in the laboratory, the effect is a weakness at the diffuse field average coincidence frequency that is dependent on material and thickness, often seen around the frequency of 2 500 Hz for drywall and glass specimens. For free field sound coming from one direction only, the coincidence frequency varies with incidence angle and will differ from the diffuse-field value (5). Near or at grazing (θ =90º) it will be much lower in frequency than the diffuse field (E90 and E336) value, and will increase with reducing θ to be considerably above the diffuse-field frequency when θ is 30º or less. Wood panels (that is, doors) and masonry walls exhibi...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide may be used to determine the outdoor-indoor noise reduction (OINR), which is the difference in sound pressure level between the free-field level outdoors in the absence of the structure and the resulting sound pressure level in a room. Either a loudspeaker or existing traffic noise or aircraft noise can be used as the source. The outdoor sound field geometry must be described and calculations must account for the way the outdoor level is measured. These results are used with Classification E1332 to calculate the single number rating outdoor-indoor noise isolation class, OINIC. Both OINR and OINIC can vary with outdoor sound incidence angle.
1.2 Under controlled circumstances where a single façade is exposed to the outdoor sound, or a façade element such as a door or window has much lower transmission loss than the rest of the façade, an outdoor-indoor transmission loss, OITL(θ), or apparent outdoor-indoor transmission loss, AOITL(θ), may be measured using a loudspeaker source. These results are a function of the angle of incidence of the sound field. By measuring with sound incident at many angles, an approximation to the diffuse field transmission loss as measured between two rooms can be obtained. The results may be used to predict interior sound levels in installations similar to that tested when exposed to an outdoor sound field similar to that used during the measurement. The single number ratings of apparent outdoor-indoor transmission class, AOITC(θ), using AOITL(θ) and field outdoor-indoor transmission class, FOITC(θ), using OITL(θ) may be calculated using Classification E1332. These ratings also may be calculated with the data obtained from receiving room sound pressure measurements performed at several incidence angles as discussed in 8.6.
1.3 To cope with the variety of outdoor incident sound field geometries that are encountered in the field, six testing techniques are presented. These tech...
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Designation: E966 – 10
Standard Guide for
Field Measurements of Airborne Sound Attenuation of
1
Building Facades and Facade Elements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide provides methods to measure the sound isolation of a room from outdoor sound, and to
evaluate the sound transmission or apparent sound transmission through a particular facade of the
room or an element of that façade such as a window or door. Measurements from outdoors to indoors
differ from measurements between two rooms. The outdoor sound field is not diffuse and the
transmission of that sound through the structure is a function of the outdoor sound angle of incidence.
The outdoor-indoor transmission loss values obtained with this guide are not expected to be the same
as that obtained in laboratory or other tests between two rooms using diffuse incident sound. At this
time, there are insufficient data available to specify a single, standard measurement procedure suitable
for all field situations. For this reason, this guide provides alternative test procedures for the
measurements of facade field level reduction and transmission loss.
This guide is part of a set of standards for evaluating the sound isolation of rooms and the sound
insulatingpropertiesofbuildingelements.Othersinthissetcovertheairbornesoundtransmissionloss
of an isolated partition element in a controlled laboratory environment (Test Method E90), the
laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission through floors (Test Method E492), the
measurement of airborne sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E336), the measurement of
impact sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E1007), and the measurement of sound
transmission through a common plenum between two rooms (Test Method E1414).
1. Scope door or window has much lower transmission loss than the rest
of the façade, an outdoor-indoor transmission loss, OITL(u), or
1.1 This guide may be used to determine the outdoor-indoor
apparent outdoor-indoor transmission loss, AOITL(u), may be
noise reduction (OINR), which is the difference in sound
measured using a loudspeaker source. These results are a
pressure level between the free-field level outdoors in the
function of the angle of incidence of the sound field. By
absence of the structure and the resulting sound pressure level
measuring with sound incident at many angles, an approxima-
in a room. Either a loudspeaker or existing traffic noise or
tion to the diffuse field transmission loss as measured between
aircraft noise can be used as the source. The outdoor sound
two rooms can be obtained. The results may be used to predict
field geometry must be described and calculations must ac-
interior sound levels in installations similar to that tested when
count for the way the outdoor level is measured. These results
exposed to an outdoor sound field similar to that used during
are used with Classification E1332 to calculate the single
the measurement. The single number ratings of apparent
number rating outdoor-indoor noise isolation class, OINIC.
outdoor-indoor transmission class,AOITC(u), usingAOITL(u)
Both OINR and OINIC can vary with outdoor sound incidence
and field outdoor-indoor transmission class, FOITC(u), using
angle.
OITL(u) may be calculated using Classification E1332. These
1.2 Under controlled circumstances where a single façade is
ratings also may be calculated with the data obtained from
exposed to the outdoor sound, or a façade element such as a
receiving room sound pressure measurements performed at
several incidence angles as discussed in 8.6.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E33 on Building and
1.3 To cope with the variety of outdoor incident sound field
EnvironmentalAcousticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE33.03on
Sound Transmission. geometries that are encountered in the field, six testing tech-
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally
niques are presented. These techniques and their general
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E966 – 04. DOI:
applicability are summarized in Table 1 and Figs. 1-6. The
10.1520/E0966-10.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E966 – 10
room, façade, or façade element declared to be under test is E2235 Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates for
referred to as the specimen. Use in Sound Insulation Test
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E966–04 Designation: E966 – 10
Standard Guide for
Field Measurements of Airborne Sound
InsulationAttenuation of Building Facades and Facade
1
Elements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The sound transmission of a building facade or facade element as measured under field conditions
is dependent not only on the physical characteristics of the facade, but also on the characteristics of
the incident sound field used to make the measurement. This is also true for laboratory tests of panels
using the two-room method described in Test Method
This guide provides methods to measure the sound isolation of a room from outdoor sound, and to
evaluate the sound transmission or apparent sound transmission through a particular facade of the
room or an element of that façade such as a window or door. Measurements from outdoors to indoors
differ from measurements between two rooms. The outdoor sound field is not diffuse and the
transmission of that sound through the structure is a function of the outdoor sound angle of incidence.
The outdoor-indoor transmission loss values obtained with this guide are not expected to be the same
as that obtained in laboratory or other tests between two rooms using diffuse incident sound. At this
time, there are insufficient data available to specify a single, standard measurement procedure suitable
for all field situations. For this reason, this guide provides alternative test procedures for the
measurements of facade field level reduction and transmission loss.
This guide is part of a set of standards for evaluating the sound isolation of rooms and the sound
insulatingpropertiesofbuildingelements.Othersinthissetcovertheairbornesoundtransmissionloss
of an isolated partition element in a controlled laboratory environment (Test Method E90; however,
the incident sound field in these controlled tests is made uniformly diffuse.The same is approximately
true for field measurements of noise reduction and transmission loss by Test Method ), the laboratory
measurement of impact sound transmission through floors (Test Method E492), the measurement of
airborne sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E336. Such uniformity is not possible for
facade measurements in the field where each situation is unique, resulting in incident sound fields that
may range all the way from free field produced by a point source to quasi-diffuse produced by a line
source.
At this time, there are insufficient data available to specify a single, standard measurement
procedure suitable for all field situations. For this reason, this guide provides a number of alternative
test procedures for the measurements of facade field level reduction and transmission loss. ), the
measurement of impact sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E1007), and the measurement
of sound transmission through a common plenum between two rooms (Test Method E1414).
1. Scope
1.1Thisguidecoversfieldproceduresformeasuringthesoundlevelreductionorsoundtransmissionlossofaninstalledbuilding
facade or facade element in specified frequency bands. These values may be used separately to predict interior levels or combined
into a single number such as by Classification E413 (with precautions) or Classification
1.1 This guide may be used to determine the outdoor-indoor noise reduction (OINR), which is the difference in sound pressure
level between the free-field level outdoors in the absence of the structure and the resulting sound pressure level in a room. Either
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE33onBuildingandEnvironmentalAcousticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE33.03onSound
Transmission.
Current edition approved AprilSept. 1, 2004.2010. Published April 2004.December 2010. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20022004 as
E966 – 024. DOI: 10.1520/E0966-104.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E966 – 10
a loudspeaker or existing traffic noise or aircraft noise can be used as the source. The outdoor sound field geometry must be
described and calculations must account for the way the outdoor level is measured.
...
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