ASTM C1234-11
(Test Method)Standard Practice for Preparation of Oils and Oily Waste Samples by High-Pressure, High-Temperature Digestion for Trace Element Determinations
Standard Practice for Preparation of Oils and Oily Waste Samples by High-Pressure, High-Temperature Digestion for Trace Element Determinations
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is useful for preparation of difficult-to-digest, primarily oils and oily wastes, specimens for trace element determinations of up to 28 elements by atomic absorption or plasma emission techniques. Specimen preparation by high-pressure ashing is primarily applicable to specimens whose preparation by EPA SW-846 protocols is either not applicable or not defined. This sample preparation practice is applicable for the trace element characterization of mixed oily wastes for use by waste treatment facilities such as incinerators or waste stabilization facilities.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a high-pressure, high-temperature digestion technique using the high-pressure asher (HPA) for preparation of oils and oily waste specimens for determination of up to 28 different elements by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission plasma spectroscopy (ICP-AES), cold-vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CVAAS), and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS), and radiochemical methods. Oily and high-percentage organic waste streams from nuclear and non-nuclear manufacturing processes can be successfully prepared for trace element determinations by ICP-AES, CVAAS, and GFAAS. This practice is applicable to the determination of total trace elements in these mixed wastes. Specimens prepared by this practice can be used to characterize organic mixed waste streams received by hazardous waste treatment incinerators and for total element characterization of the waste streams.
1.2 This practice is applicable only to organic waste streams that contain radioactivity levels that do not require special personnel or environmental protection from radioactivity or other acute hazards.
1.3 A list of elements determined in oily waste streams is found in Table 1.
1.4 This practice has been used successfully to completely digest a large variety of oils and oily mixed waste streams from nuclear processing facilities. While the practice has been used to report data on up to 28 trace elements, its success should not be expected for all analytes in every specimen. The overall nature of these oily wastes tends to be heterogeneous that can affect the results. Homogeneity of the prepared sample is critical to the precision and quality of the results.
1.5 This practice is designed to be applicable to samples whose preparation practices are not defined, or not suitable, by other regulatory procedures or requirements, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) SW-846 and EPA-600/4-79-020 documents. This digestion practice is designed to provide a high level of accuracy and precision, but does not replace or override any regulatory requirements for sample preparation.
1.6 This practice uses hazardous materials, operations, and equipment at high pressure (90–110 bars, 89–108 atm, or 1305–1595 lb/in.2) and high temperatures, up to 320°C, and therefore poses significant hazards if not operated properly.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7.1 Exception—Pressure measurements are given in lb/in. units.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Sections 10.
TABLE 1 List of Elements and Applicable Lower Concentration Ranges ElementLower Reportable
Limit,A μg/gAnalysis Method Aluminum3.3ICP-AES Antimony8.3ICP-AES or GFAAS Arsenic8.3ICP-AES or GFAAS Barium0.17ICP-AES Beryllium0.05ICP-AES Boron0.67ICP-AES Cadmium0.50ICP-AES or GFAAS Calcium0.67ICP-AES Chromium1.7ICP-AES Cobalt0.83ICP-AES Copper0.67ICP-AES Iron0.67ICP-AES Lead8.3ICP-AES or GFAAS Lithium0.67ICP-AES...
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1234 − 11
StandardPractice for
Preparation of Oils and Oily Waste Samples by High-
Pressure, High-Temperature Digestion for Trace Element
1
Determinations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1234; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope other regulatory procedures or requirements, such as the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) SW-846 and EPA-
1.1 This practice covers a high-pressure, high-temperature
600/4-79-020documents.Thisdigestionpracticeisdesignedto
digestion technique using the high-pressure asher (HPA) for
provide a high level of accuracy and precision, but does not
preparation of oils and oily waste specimens for determination
replace or override any regulatory requirements for sample
of up to 28 different elements by inductively coupled plasma-
preparation.
atomic emission plasma spectroscopy (ICP-AES), cold-vapor
atomic absorption spectroscopy (CVAAS), and graphite fur- 1.6 This practice uses hazardous materials, operations, and
nace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS), inductively equipment at high pressure (90–110 bars, 89–108 atm, or
2
coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS), and radiochemi- 1305–1595 lb/in. ) and high temperatures, up to 320°C, and
cal methods. Oily and high-percentage organic waste streams therefore poses significant hazards if not operated properly.
from nuclear and non-nuclear manufacturing processes can be
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
successfully prepared for trace element determinations by
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
ICP-AES, CVAAS, and GFAAS. This practice is applicable to
standard.
thedeterminationoftotaltraceelementsinthesemixedwastes.
1.7.1 Exception—Pressure measurements are given in lb/in.
Specimenspreparedbythispracticecanbeusedtocharacterize
units.
organic mixed waste streams received by hazardous waste
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
treatment incinerators and for total element characterization of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the waste streams.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 This practice is applicable only to organic waste streams
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
that contain radioactivity levels that do not require special
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning
personnel or environmental protection from radioactivity or
statements are given in Sections 10.
other acute hazards.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 A list of elements determined in oily waste streams is
found in Table 1. 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 This practice has been used successfully to completely D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
digestalargevarietyofoilsandoilymixedwastestreamsfrom E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
nuclear processing facilities. While the practice has been used ASTM Test Methods
3
to report data on up to 28 trace elements, its success should not
2.2 US EPA Standards:
be expected for all analytes in every specimen. The overall
EPA-600/4-79-020 Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Water
nature of these oily wastes tends to be heterogeneous that can
and Wastes
affect the results. Homogeneity of the prepared sample is
SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/
critical to the precision and quality of the results.
Chemical Methods
1.5 This practice is designed to be applicable to samples
whose preparation practices are not defined, or not suitable, by
2
For referenced ASTM Standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book of ASTM
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
mittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis. the ASTM website.
3
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2011.PublishedJuly2011.Originallyapproved AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C 1234–98 which was 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
withdrawn June 2009 and reinstated in June 2011. DOI: 10.1520/C1234–11. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1234 − 11
TABLE 1 List of Elements and Applicable Lower Conce
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C 1234–98(Reapproved 2004) Designation:C1234–11
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Oils and Oily Waste Samples by High-
Pressure, High-Temperature Digestion for Trace Element
1
Determinations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1234; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thispracticedescribescoversahigh-pressure,high-temperaturedigestiontechniqueusingthehigh-pressureasher(HPA)for
preparationofoilsandoilywastespecimensfordeterminationofupto28differentelementsbyinductivelycoupledplasma-atomic
emission plasma spectroscopy (ICP-AES), cold-vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CVAAS), and graphite furnace atomic
absorptionspectroscopy(GFAAS),inductivelycoupledplasma-massspectrometry(ICPMS),andradiochemicalmethods.Oilyand
high-percentage organic waste streams from nuclear and non-nuclear manufacturing processes can be successfully prepared for
trace element determinations by ICP-AES, CVAAS, and GFAAS. This practice is applicable to the determination of total trace
elements in these mixed wastes. Specimens prepared by this practice can be used to characterize organic mixed waste streams
received by hazardous waste treatment incinerators and for total element characterization of the waste streams.
1.2 This practice is applicable only to organic waste streams that contain radioactivity levels that do not require special
personnel or environmental protection from radioactivity or other acute hazards.
1.3 A list of elements determined in oily waste streams is found in Table 1.
1.4 This test practice has been used successfully to completely digest a large variety of oils and oily mixed waste streams from
nuclear processing facilities. While the practice has been used to report data on up to 28 trace elements, its success should not be
expected for all analytes in every specimen. The overall nature of these oily wastes tends to be heterogeneous that can affect the
results. Homogeneity of the prepared sample is critical to the precision and quality of the results.
1.5 This practice is designed to be applicable to samples whose preparation practices are not defined, or not suitable, by other
regulatory procedures or requirements, such as the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) SW-846 and EPA-600 4-79-020
and EPA-600/4-79-020 documents. This digestion practice is designed to provide a high level of accuracy and precision, but does
not replace or override any regulatory requirements for sample preparation.
1.6This1.6 This practice uses hazardous materials, operations, and equipment at high pressure (90–110 bars, 89–108 atm, or
2
1305–1595 lb/in. ) and high temperatures, up to 320°C, and therefore poses significant hazards if not operated properly. This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Sections ) and high temperatures, up to 320°C, and therefore poses significant
hazards if not operated properly.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7.1 Exception—Pressure measurements are given in lb/in. units.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Sections 10and 11.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.02 on Fuel and Fertile
Material Specifications.
Current edition approved July 10, 1998. Published October 1998. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C 1234–98D02 on Petroleum
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Origin
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.