ASTM C1201-91(1996)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Dimension Stone Cladding Systems by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Dimension Stone Cladding Systems by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the structural performance of dimension stone cladding systems under positive and negative uniform static air pressure differences, using a test chamber.
1.2 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement.
1.3 This test method describes the apparatus and the procedure to be used for applying either specific test loads or unknown ultimate values of uniformity distributed test loads to a specimen.
1.3.1 Procedure A (see 11.2) shall be used when deflections at maximum load only are required.
1.3.2 Procedure B (see 11.3) shall be used when a load-deflection curve is required.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI (metric) units given in parentheses are for information only and may be approximate.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 1201 – 91 (Reapproved 1996)
Standard Test Method for
Structural Performance of Exterior Dimension Stone
Cladding Systems by Uniform Static Air Pressure
Difference
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1201; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the struc- 3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tural performance of dimension stone cladding systems under 3.1.1 permanent deformation—the permanent displacement
positive and negative uniform static air pressure differences, from an original position that remains after an applied load has
using a test chamber. been removed.
1.2 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge 3.1.2 specimen—the entire assembled unit submitted for
of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement. test as described in Section 8.
1.3 This test method describes the apparatus and the proce- 3.1.3 test load—the specified difference in static air pressure
dure to be used for applying either specific test loads or (positive or negative) for which the specimen is to be tested,
unknown ultimate values of uniformity distributed test loads to expressed in pascals (pounds-force per square foot).
a specimen. 3.1.4 ultimate load—the difference in static air pressure
1.3.1 Procedure A (see 11.2) shall be used when deflections (positive or negative) at which failure of the specimen occurs,
at maximum load only are required. expressed in pascals (pounds-force per square foot).
1.3.2 Procedure B (see 11.3) shall be used when a load-
4. Summary of Test Method
deflection curve is required.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 4.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimen
into or against one face of a test chamber; supplying air to, or
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. exhausting air from, the chamber at the rate required to
maintain the test-pressure difference across the specimen; and
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the observing, measuring, and recording the deflection, deforma-
4,5
tions, and nature of any failures.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
5.1 This test method gives a standard procedure for deter-
statements, see Section 7.
mining structural performance under uniform static air pressure
2. Referenced Documents
difference. This typically is intended to represent the effects of
wind loads on exterior building surface elements. The actual
2.1 ANSI Standard:
ANSI A58.1 Building Code Requirements for Minimum loading on building surfaces is quite complex, varying with
wind direction, time, height above ground, building shape,
Design Loads in Buildings and Other Structures
2.2 AAMA Standard: terrain, surrounding structures, and other factors. These factors
are discussed in the literature in 2.1 and 2.2 and Footnotes 4
AAMA TIR-A2 Design Wind Loads for Aluminum Curtain
Walls and 5.
NOTE 1—In applying the results of tests by this test method, it should
be borne in mind that the performance of a cladding system may be a
function of fabrication, installation, and adjustment, and that the specimen
may or may not truly represent the actual structure. In service, the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-18 on
performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction
Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test
Methods.
Current edition approved November 22, 1991. Published January 1992.
2 4
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, American Society of Heating, Refriger-
13th Floor, New York, NY 10036. ating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Chapter 26, 1977.
3 5
Available from American Architectural Manufacturers Association, 2700 River “Wind Forces on Structures,” Transactions of the American Society of Civil
Road, Suite 118, Des Plaines, IL 60018. Engineer, Vol 126, Part II, Paper 3269, 1961, pp. 1124–1198.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 1201
and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, to much greater capacity to maintain the required pressure differences.
vibration, to thermal expansion and contraction, etc.
6.2.3 Pressure-Measuring Apparatus—A device to measure
the test pressure difference within an accuracy of 62%.
6. Apparatus
6.2.4 Deflection-Measuring System—A means of measuring
6.1 The description of apparatus is general in nature; any
deflections with an accuracy of 60.025 mm (60.001 in.).
equipment capable of performing the test procedure within the
6.2.4.1 Stone deflections shall be measured perpendicular to
allowable tolerances is permitted.
the stone surface at anchorage locations and at the position of
6.2 Major Components (see Fig. 1):
maximum displacement. Additional locations for deflection
6.2.1 Test Chamber—A test chamber or box with an open-
measurements, if required, shall be stated by the specifier.
ing, a removable mounting panel, or one open side in which, or
6.2.4.2 Deflection gages shall be supported independently
against which, the specimen is installed. Care should be taken
of the cladding system being tested.
when designing the chamber-to-specimen seal, to avoid edge
6.2.4.3 For tests to determine the ultimate performance of a
conditions not representative of the cladding system being
specimen, deflection-measuring devices with lesser precision
tested. At least one static pressure tap shall be provided to
may be used due to possible destruction of the instruments.
measure the chamber pressure and shall be so located that the
reading is unaffected by the velocity of the air supply to or
7. Hazards
from the chamber, or any other air movement. The air supply
7.1 Take proper precautions to protect the observers in the
opening into the chamber shall be arranged so that the air does
event of any failure. At the pressures used in this test method,
not impinge directly on the test specimen. A means of access
considerable energy and hazard are involved. In cases of
into the chamber may be provided to facilitate adjustments and
failure, the hazard to personnel is less with an exhaust system,
observations after the specimen has been installed.
as the specimen will tend to blow into the test chamber rather
NOTE 2—The test chamber and the specimen mounting frame must not than out. Do not permit personnel in such chambers during
deflect under the test load in such a manner that the performance of the
tests.
specimen will be affected.
8. Test Specimens
6.2.2 Air System—A controllable blower, a compressed-air
8.1 Test specimens shall be of sufficient size and extent to
supply, an exhaust system, or reversible controllable blower
determine the performance of all typical components of the
designed to provide the required maximum air-pressure differ-
cladding system.
ence across the specimen. The system shall provide an essen-
8.1.1 All parts of the test specimen shall be full size, using
tially constant air-pressure difference for the required test
the same materials, material finishes, details, and methods of
period.
construction, and anchorage as used, or planned to be used, on
NOTE 3—It is convenient to use a reversible blower or a separate
the building.
pressure and exhaust system to provide the required air-pressure differ-
8.1.2 Accurately simulate conditions of structural support
ence so that the test specimen can
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