ASTM D5409-93(2004)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a Ground-Water Site; Part Two-Physical Descriptors
Standard Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a Ground-Water Site; Part Two-Physical Descriptors
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers Part Two of three guides to be used in conjunction with Practice D 5254 that delineates the data desirable to describe a ground-water data collection or sampling site. This guide identifies physical descriptors, such as construction and geologic elements, for a site. Part One (Guide D 5408) describes additional information beyond the minimum set of data elements that may be specified to identify any individual ground-water site, while Part Three identifies usage descriptors, such as monitoring, for an individual ground-water site.
Note 1—A ground-water site is defined as any source, location, or sampling station capable of producing water or hydrologic data from a natural stratum from below the surface of the earth. A source or facility can include a well, spring or seep, and drain or tunnel (nearly horizontal in orientation). Other sources, such as excavations, driven devices, bore holes, ponds, lakes, and sinkholes, that can be shown to be hydraulically connected to the ground water are appropriate for the use intended.
Note 2—Part One (Guide D 5408) includes data confidence classification descriptor (one element), geographic location descriptors (four elements), political regime descriptor (one element), source identifier descriptors (four elements), legal descriptors (nine elements), owner descriptors (two elements), site visit descriptors (three elements), other identification descriptors (two elements), other data descriptors (three elements), and remarks descriptors (three elements). Part Three (Guide D 5410) includes monitoring descriptors (77 data elements), irrigation descriptors (four data elements), waste site descriptors (nine data elements), and decommissioning descriptors (eight data elements). For a list of descriptors in this guide, see Section .
1.2 These data elements are described in terms used by ground-water hydrologists. Standard references, such as the Glossary of Geology (1) and various hydrogeologic professional publications, are used to determine these definitions. Many of the suggested elements and their representative codes are those established by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey and used in the National Water Information Systems computerized data base (1-19).
Note 3—The purpose of this guide is to suggest data elements that can be collected for ground-water sites. This does not uniquely imply a computer data base, but rather data elements for entry into any type of permanent file.
Note 4—Component and code lists given with some of the data elements, for example "Type of Spring," are only suggestions. These lists can be modified, expanded, or reduced for the purpose intended by the company or agency maintaining the ground-water data file.
Note 5—Use of trade names in this guide is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by ASTM.
1.3 This guide includes the data elements desirable to document a ground-water site beyond those given in the "Minimum Set of Data Elements." Some examples of the data elements are well depth, contributing aquifer, and permanence of spring. No single site will need every data element, for example, springs do not need well depth and well casing data. Each record (group of related data elements) for a site has mandatory data elements, such as the type of lift for the lift record. However, these elements are considered necessary only when that specific record is gathered for the site.
1.4 The values given in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection ...
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Designation:D5409–93 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Guide for
Set of Data Elements to Describe a Ground-Water Site; Part
Two—Physical Descriptors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5409; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope are those established by the Water Resources Division of the
U.S. Geological Survey and used in the National Water
1.1 ThisguidecoversPartTwoofthreeguidestobeusedin
Information Systems computerized data base (1-19).
conjunction with Practice D5254 that delineates the data
desirable to describe a ground-water data collection or sam-
NOTE 3—The purpose of this guide is to suggest data elements that can
pling site. This guide identifies physical descriptors, such as be collected for ground-water sites. This does not uniquely imply a
computer data base, but rather data elements for entry into any type of
constructionandgeologicelements,forasite.PartOne(Guide
permanent file.
D5408) describes additional information beyond the minimum
NOTE 4—Component and code lists given with some of the data
set of data elements that may be specified to identify any
elements, for example “Type of Spring,” are only suggestions.These lists
individual ground-water site, while Part Three identifies usage
can be modified, expanded, or reduced for the purpose intended by the
descriptors,suchasmonitoring,foranindividualground-water
company or agency maintaining the ground-water data file.
site.
NOTE 5—Use of trade names in this guide is for identification purposes
only and does not constitute endorsement by ASTM.
NOTE 1—A ground-water site is defined as any source, location, or
sampling station capable of producing water or hydrologic data from a 1.3 This guide includes the data elements desirable to
natural stratum from below the surface of the earth. A source or facility
document a ground-water site beyond those given in the
can include a well, spring or seep, and drain or tunnel (nearly horizontal
“Minimum Set of Data Elements.” Some examples of the data
in orientation). Other sources, such as excavations, driven devices, bore
elements are well depth, contributing aquifer, and permanence
holes, ponds, lakes, and sinkholes, that can be shown to be hydraulically
of spring. No single site will need every data element, for
connected to the ground water are appropriate for the use intended.
example, springs do not need well depth and well casing data.
NOTE 2—Part One (Guide D5408) includes data confidence classifica-
Each record (group of related data elements) for a site has
tion descriptor (one element), geographic location descriptors (four
elements), political regime descriptor (one element), source identifier mandatory data elements, such as the type of lift for the lift
descriptors (four elements), legal descriptors (nine elements), owner
record.However,theseelementsareconsiderednecessaryonly
descriptors (two elements), site visit descriptors (three elements), other
when that specific record is gathered for the site.
identification descriptors (two elements), other data descriptors (three
1.4 The values given in either inch-pound units or SI units
elements), and remarks descriptors (three elements). Part Three (Guide
are to be regarded separately as the standard.The values given
D5410) includes monitoring descriptors (77 data elements), irrigation
in parentheses are for information only.
descriptors (four data elements), waste site descriptors (nine data ele-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ments), and decommissioning descriptors (eight data elements). For a list
of descriptors in this guide, see Section 3.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 These data elements are described in terms used by
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ground-water hydrologists. Standard references, such as the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Glossary of Geology (1) and various hydrogeologic profes-
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information
sional publications, are used to determine these definitions.
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
Many of the suggested elements and their representative codes
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoilandRock
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water and
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
Vadose Zone Investigations.
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2004.PublishedJuly2004.Originallyapproved
in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D5409-93 (1998). DOI:
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
10.1520/D5409-93R04.
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
the text.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5409–93 (2004)
document means only that the document has been approved
Individual Site Characteristics:
Land Use (in vicinity of site)
through the ASTM consensus process.
Drainage Basin/Watershed
Relationship to Surface Stream/Lake, etc.
2. Referenced Documents
Hole Depth
Well Depth
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Source of Depth Data
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Primary Aquifer
Fluids Repeated Elements:
Construction Record Group:
D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
Construction Record:
(Visual-Manual Procedure)
Date Construction Began
D5254 Practice for Minimum Set of Data Elements to Date Construction Ended
Name of Contractor
Identify a Ground-Water Site
Source of Construction Data
D5408 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a
Method of Construction
Type of Drilling Fluid
Ground-Water Site; Part One—Additional Identification
Volume of Drilling Fluid
Descriptors
Type of Finish
D5410 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a
Type of Seal
Ground-Water Site;Part Three—Usage Descriptors Depth to Bottom of Seal
Method of Development
Length of Time of Development
3. Terminology
Volume of Liquid Removed During Development
Special Treatment
3.1 Definitions:
Hole Record:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms applicable to this guide, see
Depth to Top of the Hole Interval
Terminology D653.
Depth to Bottom of the Hole Interval
Diameter of the Hole Interval
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Casing Record:
3.2.1 code—a suggested abbreviation for a component, for
Depth to Top of the Cased Interval
example, “G” is the code suggested for the galvanized iron
Depth to Bottom of the Cased Interval
Diameter of the Cased Interval
component of data element casing material.
Casing Material
3.2.2 component—a subdivision of a data element, for
Casing Thickness
example, galvanized iron is one of 30 components suggested
Opening or Screen Record:
Depth to Top of the Open Interval
for data element casing material.
Depth to Bottom of the Open Interval
3.2.3 data element—an individual segment of information
Diameter of the Open Interval
about a ground-water site, for example, casing material. The Type of Material in the Open/Screened Interval
Type of Openings in the Open Interval
data element is in the Casing Record record.
Length of Openings
3.2.4 record—a set of related data elements that may need
Width of Openings
to be repeated to fully describe a ground-water site. For Mesh of Screen
Packing Material
example, a well that consists of several diameters of casing
Size of Packing Material
fromthetopendtothebottomwillneedmorethanoneCasing
Thickness of Packing Material
Record record (the record includes data elements depth to top, Depth to Top and Bottom of Packing Material
Repairs Record:
depth to bottom, diameter, casing material, and casing thick-
Date of Repairs
ness)tofullydescribetheconstructionofthewell.However,if
Nature of Repairs
only a single size of casing is used in the well, the record is Name of Contractor Who Made Repairs
Percent Change in Performance After Repairs
utilized once.
Special Cases Record:
3.2.5 record group—a set of related records. For example,
Well Clusters:
the lift record group includes the lift record, power record, and Number of Wells in Cluster
Depth of Deepest Well in Cluster
standbyrecord.Somerecordgroupsconsistofonlyonerecord,
Depth of Shallowest Well in Cluster
for example, the spring record group includes only the spring
Diameter of Well Cluster
Collector Well/Laterals:
record.
Number of Laterals in Collector Well
Depth of Laterals in Collector Well
4. Summary of Guide
Length of Laterals in Collector Well
Diameter of Laterals in Collector Well
4.1 This guide includes the following physical descriptor
Mesh of Screen in Laterals
data elements to describe a ground-water site. Single elements
Ponds:
usually need one entry for a site, while repeated elements
Length of Pond
Width of Pond
commonly require several records to fully describe the condi-
Depth of Pond
tions and history of the site.
Volume of Pond
Single Elements:
Tunnel or Drain:
Length of Tunnel or Drain
Width of Tunnel or Drain
Depth of Tunnel or Drain
Bearing (Azimuth) Tunnel or Drain
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Dip of Tunnel or Drain
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Lift Record Group:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Lift Record:
the ASTM website.
D5409–93 (2004)
Type of Lift Sphere of Discharge
Date Permanent Lift was Installed Discharge
Depth of Intake Date of Discharge
Manufacturer of Lift Device Improvements
Serial Number Number of Spring Openings
Pump Rating Flow Variability
Power Record: Accuracy of Flow Variability
Type of Power Magnitude of Spring
Horsepower Rating
Name of Power Company
5. Significance and Use
Power-Company Account Number
Power-Meter Number
5.1 Data at ground-water sites are gathered for many pur-
Standby Lift Record:
poses. Each of these purposes generally requires a specific set
Additional Lift
of data elements. For example, when the ground-water quality
Name of Company that Maintains Lift
Rated Pump Capacity
is of concern not only are the ‘minimum set of data elements’
Type of Standby Power
required for the site, but information concerning the sample
Horsepower of Standby Power Source
Geologic Record Group: collection depth interval, method of collection, and date and
Geophysical Log Record:
time of collection are needed to fully qualify the data.Another
Date of Log
group of elements are recommended for each use of the data,
Type of Log
suchasaquifercharacteristicsorwater-levelrecords.Normally
Depth to Top of Logged Interval
Depth to Bottom of Logged Interval
the more information that is gathered about a site by field
Source of Log Data
personnel, the easier it is to understand the ground-water
Geohydrologic Unit Record:
Aquifer Unit(s) conditions and to reach valid conclusions and interpretations
Contributing Unit
regarding the site.
Depth to Top of Interval
5.2 ThedataelementslistedinthisguideandGuidesD5408
Depth to Bottom of Interval
Lithology and D5410 should assist in planning what information can be
Description of Material
gathered for a ground-water site and how to document these
Sample/Unconsolidated Material Record:
data.
Sample Weight
Sample Interval
NOTE 6—Some important data elements may change during the exist-
Particle Size
ence of a site. For example, the elevation of the measuring point used for
Percent of Total Sample
the measurement of water levels may be modified because of repair or
Particle Shape
Mineralogy replacement of equipment. This frequently occurs when the measuring
Sample/Consolidated Material Record:
point is an opening in the pump and the pump is modified or replaced.
Drill Cuttings or Core
Becausechangescannotalwaysbeanticipated,itispreferabletoreference
Sample Size (Weight)
the height of the measuring point to a permanent nearby altitude datum.
Sample Interval
The measuring point is referenced by being the same altitude (zero
Mineralogy
correction) or above (negative correction) or below (plus correction) the
Core Length
Core Diameter altitude datum. All appropriate measurements should be corrected in
Core Recovery-Percent
reference to the altitude datum before entry into the permanent record.
Bedding
Care must be exercised to keep the relationship of these data elements
Structure
consistent throughout the duration of the site.
Porosity
Hydraulic Record Group:
5.3 Some data elements have an extensive list of compo-
Hydraulics Record:
nents or possible entries. For example, the aquifer identifica-
Hydraulic/Aquifer Unit
Hydraulic/Aquifer Unit Type
tion list described in 6.1.8 has over 5000 entries. Lengthy lists
Depth to Top of Unit
of possible entries are not included in this guide, however,
Depth to Bottom of Unit
information on where to obtain these components is included
Static Water Level
Measurement Date and Time
with the specific data element.
Unit Contribution
Aquifer Parameters Record: NOTE 7—This guide identifies other sources, lists, etc., of information
Transmissivity
required to completely document information about any ground-water
Horizontal Hydraulic Conductivity
site.
Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity
Coefficient of Storage
6. Documentation of Individual Site Characteristics
Leakance
Diffusivity
6.1 Introduction:
Specific Storage
6.1.1 A vast number of data elements can be documented
Specific Yield
Barometric or Tidal Efficiency about a ground-water site to thoroughly describe its location,
Porosity
physical features, relationship to other features on the earth’s
Specific Capacity
surface, and to designate what information is gathered at the
Method Used to Determine Aquifer Characteristics
Availability of File of Detailed Results site. These data elements typically are transcribed once for a
Spring Record Group:
site,incontrasttodataelementsthatmayberepetitive,suchas
Spring Record:
water levels. Many of these data are extremely valuable in the
Name of Spring
Type of Spring characterization of sites that fall into certain categories, for
Permanence of Spring
example wells, for whic
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