ASTM D2211-00(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Elongation of Leather
Standard Test Method for Elongation of Leather
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The elongation measurement may be made at any designated load and is expressed as a percentage of the original distance between the jaws or between bench marks of the unstretched specimen. The speed of the machine is important. Speeds under or more than 10 ± 2 in./min (4.2 ± 0.8 mm/s) will give variables in the results, thus affecting the reproducibility of the method. The direction relative to the backbone and the width of the test specimen determines the magnitude of the elongation. This test method is excellent for development, control, specification acceptance, and service evaluation of leather. This test method may not apply when the conditions of the test employed differ widely from those specified in the test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the elongation or stretch characteristics of leather produced by a tensile load. This test method is intended for use on all types of leather and with all of the breaking load tests. This test method does not apply to wet blue.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2211 − 00(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Elongation of Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2211; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope will give variables in the results, thus affecting the reproduc-
ibility of the method. The direction relative to the backbone
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the elon-
and the width of the test specimen determines the magnitude of
gation or stretch characteristics of leather produced by a tensile
the elongation. This test method is excellent for development,
load.This test method is intended for use on all types of leather
control, specification acceptance, and service evaluation of
and with all of the breaking load tests. This test method does
leather. This test method may not apply when the conditions of
not apply to wet blue.
the test employed differ widely from those specified in the test
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
method.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
5. Apparatus
and are not considered standard.
5.1 Testing Machine, as described in Test Method D2209.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.2 Dividers,havinglegsatleast4in.(102mm)longandan
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
adjustable screw arrangement for fixing the distance between
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
them.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.3 Steel Scale, graduated to read in 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).
2. Referenced Documents
6. Test Specimen
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.1 The specimen shall be dumbbell in shape when the test
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod-
is made with the tension test. It shall be cut from the test unit
ucts for Testing
of leather by means of a die as shown in Fig. 1 of Test Method
D2209 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather
D2209. The direction of the long axis relative to the backbone
shall be noted.
3. Terminology
6.2 The specimen for narrow strap, welting, lace, and round
3.1 Definitions:
belting leathers shall be a piece of leather uniform in width and
3.1.1 elongation, or stretch—the increase in length of a span
6 in. (152 mm) long.
of specimen under tension.
6.3 The specimen for the grab method of determining
4. Significance and Use
breaking load shall be 6 in. (152 mm) long and 3 in. (76 mm)
wide.
4.1 The elongation measurement may be made at any
designated load and is expressed as a percentage of the original
7. Conditioning
distance between the jaws or between bench marks of the
unstretched specimen. The speed of the machine is important.
7.1 All specimens shall be conditioned as prescribed in
Speeds under or more than 10 6 2 in./min (4.2 6 0.8 mm/s)
Practice D1610. Conditioning other than as prescribed shall be
noted in the results.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD31.07onPhysicalProperties.This 8. Procedure
test method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists
8.1 Mount the specimen symmetrically with the jaws sepa-
Assn.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally rated a distance of 4 in. (102 mm).
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2211 – 00 (2005).
8.2 Operate the machine so that the movable grip travels at
DOI: 10.1520/D2211-00R10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or a speed of 10 6 2 in./min (4.2 6 0.8 mm/s).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
8.3 Follow the distance between the jaws or the difference
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. between bench marks with the dividers until the load at which
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2211 − 00 (2010)
the elongation is desired has been reached. Take all measure- 11. Precision and Bias
ments between the inner edges of the jaws or between the inner
11.1 The following criteria may be used to judge the
edges of the bench marks. Measure the distance between the
acceptability of the results if at least 15 units have been tested:
points of the legs of the dividers to the nearest 0.02 in. (0.5
11.1.1 One Operator, Duplicate Specime
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2211–00 (Reapproved 2005) Designation: D2211 – 00 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Elongation of Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2211; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the elongation or stretch characteristics of leather produced by a tensile load.
This test method is intended for use on all types of leather and with all of the breaking load tests. This test method does not apply
to wet blue.
1.2The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
D2209 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 elongation, or stretch—the increase in length of a span of specimen under tension.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The elongation measurement may be made at any designated load and is expressed as a percentage of the original distance
between the jaws or between bench marks of the unstretched specimen. The speed of the machine is important. Speeds under or
more than 10 6 2 in./min (4.2 6 0.8 mm/s) will give variables in the results, thus affecting the reproducibility of the method. The
direction relative to the backbone and the width of the test specimen determines the magnitude of the elongation. This test method
is excellent for development, control, specification acceptance, and service evaluation of leather. This test method may not apply
when the conditions of the test employed differ widely from those specified in the test method.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Testing Machine, as described in Test Method D2209.
5.2 Dividers,havinglegsatleast4in.(102mm)longandanadjustablescrewarrangementforfixingthedistancebetweenthem.
5.3 Steel Scale, graduated to read in 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).
6. Test Specimen
6.1 The specimen shall be dumbbell in shape when the test is made with the tension test. It shall be cut from the test unit of
leather by means of a die as shown in Fig. 1 of Test Method D2209. The direction of the long axis relative to the backbone shall
be noted.
6.2 The specimen for narrow strap, welting, lace, and round belting leathers shall be a piece of leather uniform in width and
6 in. (152 mm) long.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07 on Physical
Properties—General.Properties. This test method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.
Current edition approved AprilOct. 1, 2005.2010. Published May 2005.November 2010. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20002005 as
D2211 – 00 (2005). DOI: 10.1520/D2211-00R105.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2211 – 00 (2010)
6.3 The specimen for the grab method of determining breaking load shall be 6 in. (152 mm) long and 3 in. (76 mm) wide.
7. Conditioning
7.1 All specimens shall be conditioned as prescribed in Practice D1610. Conditioning other than as prescribed shall be noted
in the results.
8. Procedure
8.1 Mount the specimen symmetrically with the jaws separated a distance of 4 in. (102 mm).
8.2 Operate the machine so that the movable grip travels at a speed of 10 6 2 in./min (4.2 6 0.8 mm/s).
8.3 Follow the distance between the jaws or the difference between bench marks with the dividers until the load at which the
elongation is desired has been reached. Take all measurements between the inner edges of the jaws or between the inner edges of
the bench marks. Measure the dist
...
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