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ASTM E2889-12

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Control of Respiratory Hazards in the Metal Removal Fluid Environment

Standard Practice for Control of Respiratory Hazards in the Metal Removal Fluid Environment

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Exposure to aerosols in the industrial metal removal environment has been associated with adverse respiratory effects.  
4.2 Use of this practice will mitigate occupational exposure and effects of exposure to aerosols in the metal removal environment.  
4.3 Through implementation of this practice users should be able to reduce instances and severity of respiratory irritation and disease through the effective use of a metal removal fluid management program, appropriate product selection, appropriate machine tool design, proper air handling mechanisms, and control of microorganisms.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice sets forth guidelines to control respiratory hazards in the metal removal environment.  
1.2 This practice does not include prevention of dermatitis which is the subject of Practice E2693 but it does adopt a similar systems management approach with many control elements in common.  
1.3 This practice focuses on employee exposure via inhalation of metal removal fluids and associated airborne agents.  
1.4 Metal removal fluids used for wet machining operations (such as cutting, drilling, milling or grinding) that remove metal to produce the finished part are a subset of metalworking fluids. This practice does not apply to other operations (such as stamping, rolling, forging or casting) that use metalworking fluids other than metal removal fluids. These other types of metalworking fluid operations are not included in this document because of limited information on health effects, including epidemiology studies, and on control technologies. Nonetheless, some of the exposure control approaches and guidance contained in this document may be useful for managing respiratory hazards associated with other types of metalworking fluids.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2012
ICS
13.040.30 - Workplace atmospheres
Technical Committee
E34 - Occupational Health and Safety
Drafting Committee
E34.50 - Health and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2889-12(2017) - Standard Practice for Control of Respiratory Hazards in the Metal Removal Fluid Environment
Effective Date
01-Oct-2017
Referred By
ASTM E2275-19 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluid Bioresistance and Antimicrobial Pesticide Performance
Effective Date
01-Oct-2012
Referred By
ASTM E1497-23 - Standard Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal Fluids
Effective Date
01-Oct-2012
Referred By
ASTM E2148-21 - Standard Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety
Effective Date
01-Oct-2012
Referred By
ASTM E2693-19 - Standard Practice for Prevention of Dermatitis in the Wet Metal Removal Fluid Environment
Effective Date
01-Oct-2012

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ASTM E2889-12 - Standard Practice for Control of Respiratory Hazards in the Metal Removal Fluid EnvironmentASTM E2889-12 - Standard Practice for Control of Respiratory Hazards in the Metal Removal Fluid Environment
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ASTM E2889-12 - Standard Practice for Control of Respiratory Hazards in the Metal Removal Fluid Environment
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2889 − 12 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Control of Respiratory Hazards in the Metal Removal Fluid
1
Environment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2889; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
Atmospheres
1.1 This practice sets forth guidelines to control respiratory
D2881 Classification for Metalworking Fluids and Related
hazards in the metal removal environment.
Materials
1.2 This practice does not include prevention of dermatitis
D7049 Test Method for Metal Removal Fluid Aerosol in
which is the subject of Practice E2693 but it does adopt a
Workplace Atmospheres
similar systems management approach with many control
E1302 Guide for Acute Animal Toxicity Testing of Water-
elements in common.
Miscible Metalworking Fluids
1.3 This practice focuses on employee exposure via inhala-
E1370 Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and
tion of metal removal fluids and associated airborne agents. Workplace Protection
E1497 Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-
1.4 Metal removal fluids used for wet machining operations
Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal Fluids
(such as cutting, drilling, milling or grinding) that remove
E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and
metal to produce the finished part are a subset of metalworking
Safety
fluids.This practice does not apply to other operations (such as
E1972 Practice for Minimizing Effects of Aerosols in the
stamping, rolling, forging or casting) that use metalworking
Wet Metal Removal Environment
fluids other than metal removal fluids. These other types of
E2144 Practice for Personal Sampling and Analysis of En-
metalworking fluid operations are not included in this docu-
dotoxin in Metalworking Fluid Aerosols in Workplace
ment because of limited information on health effects, includ-
Atmospheres
ing epidemiology studies, and on control technologies.
E2148 GuideforUsingDocumentsRelatedtoMetalworking
Nonetheless, some of the exposure control approaches and
or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety
guidance contained in this document may be useful for
E2169 Practice for Selecting Antimicrobial Pesticides for
managing respiratory hazards associated with other types of
Use in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
metalworking fluids.
E2275 Practice for Evaluating Water-Miscible Metalwork-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ing Fluid Bioresistance and Antimicrobial Pesticide Per-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
formance
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E2523 Terminology for Metalworking Fluids and Opera-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tions
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E2563 Practice for Enumeration of Non-Tuberculosis Myco-
bacteria in Aqueous Metalworking Fluids by Plate Count
2. Referenced Documents
Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E2564 Practice for Enumeration of Mycobacteria in Metal-
working Fluids by Direct Microscopic Counting (DMC)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on
Method
Occupational Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E2657 Test Method for Determination of Endotoxin Con-
E34.50 on Health and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids.
centrations in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. DOI:
10.1520/E2889-12.
E2693 Practice for Prevention of Dermatitis in the Wet
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Metal Removal Fluid Environment
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
E2694 Test Method for Measurement ofAdenosine Triphos-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. phate in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2889 − 12
2.2 OSHA (US Occupational Safety and Health Administra- 3.2.2 extractable mass, n—the material removed by liquid
3
tion) Standards: extraction of the sampling filter using a mixed-polarity solvent
29 CFR 1910.132 Personal Protective Equipment mixture as described in Method D7049.
29 CFR 1910.134 Use of Respiratory Protection in the 3.2.2.1 Discussion—This mass is an approximation of the
Workplace
metal removal fluid portion of the workplace aerosol.
29 CFR 1010
...

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Standard Practice for Control of Respiratory Hazards in the Metal Removal Fluid Environment

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Exposure to aerosols in the industrial metal removal environment has been associated with adverse respiratory effects.  
4.2 Use of this practice will mitigate occupational exposure and effects of exposure to aerosols in the metal removal environment.  
4.3 Through implementation of this practice, users should be able to reduce instances and severity of respiratory irritation and disease through the effective use of a metal removal fluid management program, appropriate product selection, appropriate machine tool design, proper air handling mechanisms, and control of microorganisms.
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1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 These practices and criteria were developed for occupational exposures. They are intended to (1) protect against clinical disease from exposure to respirable crystalline silica, (2) be measurable by techniques that are valid, reproducible, and readily available, and (3) be attainable with existing technology and protective practices.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a description of several actions that should be taken to reduce the risk of harmful occupational exposures to humans in environments containing respirable crystalline silica. This practice is intended for, but not limited to, industries regulated by the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) and the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). A separate practice designed for the unique conditions of the construction industry has been designated Practice E2625.  
1.2 Nothing in this practice shall be interpreted as requiring any action that violates any statute or requirement of any federal, state, or other regulatory agency.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM E2144-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Personal Sampling and Analysis of Endotoxin in Metalworking Fluid Aerosols in Workplace Atmospheres

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Endotoxins in metalworking fluid aerosols present potential respiratory health hazards to workers who inhale them. Therefore, a consensus standard is needed to provide reliable data on workplace airborne endotoxin concentrations where metalworking fluids are used.  
5.2 This practice for measuring airborne endotoxin concentrations in metalworking fluid atmospheres will help to foster a better understanding of endotoxin exposure-response relationships.  
5.3 This practice facilitates comparisons of interlaboratory data from methods and field investigative studies.
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1.1 This practice covers quantitative methods for the personal sampling and determination of bacterial endotoxin concentrations in poly-disperse metalworking fluid aerosols in workplace atmospheres. Users should have fundamental knowledge of microbiological techniques and endotoxin testing.  
1.2 Users of this practice may obtain personal or area exposure data of endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosols, either on a short-term or full-shift basis in workplace atmospheres.  
1.3 This practice gives an estimate of the endotoxin concentration of the sampled atmosphere.  
1.4 This practice seeks to minimize interlaboratory variation but does not ensure uniformity of results.  
1.5 It is anticipated that this practice will facilitate interlaboratory comparisons of airborne endotoxin data from metalworking fluid atmospheres, particularly metal removal fluid atmospheres, by providing a basis for endotoxin sampling, extraction, and analytical methods.  
1.6 In 1997, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) empanelled a Standards Advisory Committee to make recommendations to the Administration regarding measures that the Administration could take to improve the health of workers exposed to metalworking fluids. A report to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for OSHA was submitted in July 1999. Subcommittee E34.50 believes that the user community would benefit significantly if a standard method was developed to give the community guidance on a methodology for the sampling and analysis of personal airborne endotoxin exposure assessments in facilities using water-miscible metal removal fluids, based on the LAL assay or other endotoxin detection technologies as they become available.  
1.7 This practice does not attempt to set or imply limits for personal exposure to endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosols in workplace environments.  
1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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ASTM E2889-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Control of Respiratory Hazards in the Metal Removal Fluid Environment

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Exposure to aerosols in the industrial metal removal environment has been associated with adverse respiratory effects.  
4.2 Use of this practice will mitigate occupational exposure and effects of exposure to aerosols in the metal removal environment.  
4.3 Through implementation of this practice, users should be able to reduce instances and severity of respiratory irritation and disease through the effective use of a metal removal fluid management program, appropriate product selection, appropriate machine tool design, proper air handling mechanisms, and control of microorganisms.
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1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Methods for Continuous Measurement of Ozone in Ambient, Workplace, and Indoor Atmospheres (Ultraviolet Absorption)

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5.1 Standards for O3  in the atmosphere have been promulgated by government authorities to protect the health and welfare of the public (6) and also for the protection of industrial workers (7).  
5.2 Although O3  itself is a toxic material, in ambient air it is primarily the photochemical oxidants formed along with O3  in polluted air exposed to sunlight that cause smog symptoms such as lachrymation and burning eyes. Ozone is much more easily monitored than these photochemical oxidants and provides a good indication of their concentrations, and it is therefore the substance that is specified in air quality standards and regulations.
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1.1.1 The test method is limited to applications by its sensitivity to interferences as described in Section 6. The interference sensitivities may limit its use for ambient and workplace atmospheres.  
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