ASTM E4-08
(Practice)Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Testing machines that apply and indicate force are used in many industries, in many ways. They may be used in a research laboratory to measure material properties, and in a production line to qualify a product for shipment. No matter what the end use of the machine may be, it is necessary for users to know the amount of force that is applied and indicated, and that the accuracy of the force is traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), formerly NBS. Practices E 4 provides a procedure to verify these machines, in order that the indicated forces may be traceable. A key element to this NIST traceability is that the devices used in the verification have known force characteristics, and have been calibrated in accordance with Practice E 74.
The procedures in Practices E 4 may be used by those using, manufacturing, and providing calibration service for testing machines and related instrumentation.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover procedures for the force verification, by means of standard calibration devices, of tension or compression, or both, static or quasi-static testing machines (which may, or may not, have force-indicating systems). These practices are not intended to be complete purchase specifications for testing machines. Testing machines may be verified by one of the three following methods or combination thereof:
1.1.1 Use of standard weights,
1.1.2 Use of equal-arm balances and standard weights, or
1.1.3 Use of elastic calibration devices.
Note 1—These practices do not cover the verification of all types of testing machines designed to measure forces, for example, the constant-rate-of-loading type which operates on the inclined-plane principle. This type of machine may be verified as directed in the applicable appendix of Specification D 76.
1.2 The procedures of 1.1.1-1.1.3 apply to the verification of the force-indicating systems associated with the testing machine, such as a scale, dial, marked or unmarked recorder chart, digital display, etc. In all cases the buyer/owner/user must designate the force-indicating system(s) to be verified and included in the report.
1.3 Since conversion factors are not required in this practice, either inch-pound units, SI units, or metric values can be used as the standard.
1.4 Forces indicated on displays/printouts of testing machine data systems—be they instantaneous, delayed, stored, or retransmitted—which are verified with provisions of 1.1.1, 1.1.2, or 1.1.3, and are within the ±1 % accuracy requirement, comply with Practices E 4.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
American Association State
Designation:E4–08 Highway and Transportation Officials Standards
AASHTO No: T67
Standard Practices for
1
Force Verification of Testing Machines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 4; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 These practices cover procedures for the force verifica-
tion, by means of standard calibration devices, of tension or
2. Referenced Documents
compression, or both, static or quasi-static testing machines
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(which may, or may not, have force-indicating systems).These
D76 SpecificationforTensileTestingMachinesforTextiles
practices are not intended to be complete purchase specifica-
E74 Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instru-
tionsfortestingmachines.Testingmachinesmaybeverifiedby
ments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Ma-
one of the three following methods or combination thereof:
chines
1.1.1 Use of standard weights,
E 467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dy-
1.1.2 Use of equal-arm balances and standard weights, or
namic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
1.1.3 Use of elastic calibration devices.
NOTE 1—These practices do not cover the verification of all types of 3. Terminology
testing machines designed to measure forces, for example, the constant-
3.1 Definitions:
rate-of-loading type which operates on the inclined-plane principle. This
3.1.1 testing machine (force-measuring type)—a mechani-
type of machine may be verified as directed in the applicable appendix of
cal device for applying a force to a specimen.
SpecificationD76.
3.1.1.1 portable testing machine (force-measuring type)—a
1.2 Theproceduresof1.1.1-1.1.3applytotheverificationof
device specifically designed to be moved from place to place
the force-indicating systems associated with the testing ma-
and for applying a force (load) to a specimen.
chine,suchasascale,dial,markedorunmarkedrecorderchart,
3.1.2 force—in the case of testing machines, a force mea-
digital display, etc. In all cases the buyer/owner/user must
sured in units such as pound-force, newton, or kilogram-force.
designate the force-indicating system(s) to be verified and
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The pound-force is that force which
included in the report.
acting on a 1-lb mass will give to it an acceleration of 9.80665
1.3 Since conversion factors are not required in this prac-
2 2
m/s (32.1740 ft/s ). The newton is that force which acting on
tice, either inch-pound units, SI units, or metric values can be
2
a 1-kg mass will give to it an acceleration of 1 m/s .
used as the standard.
3.1.3 accuracy—the specified permissible variation from
1.4 Forces indicated on displays/printouts of testing ma-
the reference value.
chine data systems—be they instantaneous, delayed, stored, or
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Atestingmachineissaidtobeaccurate
retransmitted—which are verified with provisions of 1.1.1,
if the indicated force is within the specified permissible
1.1.2,or 1.1.3, and are within the 61 % accuracy requirement,
variation from the actual force. In these methods the word
comply with Practices E 4.
“accurate” applied to a testing machine is used without
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
numerical values, for example, “An accurate testing machine
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
was used for the investigation.” The accuracy of a testing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
machine should not be confused with sensitivity. For example,
a testing machine might be very sensitive; that is, it might
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
2
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.01 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Calibration of Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 2007 asE4–07. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E4–08
indicate quickly and definitely small changes i
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
American Association State
Designation:E4–07 Designation:E4–08 Highway and Transportation Officials Standards
AASHTO No: T67
Standard Practices for
1
Force Verification of Testing Machines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 4; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These practices cover procedures for the force verification, by means of standard calibration devices, of tension or
compression, or both, static or quasi-static testing machines (which may, or may not, have force-indicating systems). These
practices are not intended to be complete purchase specifications for testing machines. Testing machines may be verified by one
of the three following methods or combination thereof:
1.1.1 Use of standard weights,
1.1.2 Use of equal-arm balances and standard weights, or
1.1.3 Use of elastic calibration devices.
NOTE 1—These practices do not cover the verification of all types of testing machines designed to measure forces, for example, the
constant-rate-of-loading type which operates on the inclined-plane principle. This type of machine may be verified as directed in the applicable appendix
of Specification D 76.
1.2 The procedures of 1.1.1-1.1.3 apply to the verification of the force-indicating systems associated with the testing machine,
such as a scale, dial, marked or unmarked recorder chart, digital display, etc. In all cases the buyer/owner/user must designate the
force-indicating system(s) to be verified and included in the report.
1.3 Since conversion factors are not required in this practice, either inch-pound units, SI units, or metric values can be used as
the standard.
1.4 Forces indicated on displays/printouts of testing machine data systems—be they instantaneous, delayed, stored, or
retransmitted—which are verified with provisions of 1.1.1, 1.1.2, or 1.1.3, and are within the 61 % accuracy requirement, comply
with Practices E 4.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
E74 Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
E 467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dynamic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 testing machine (force-measuring type)—a mechanical device for applying a force to a specimen.
3.1.1.1 portable testing machine (force-measuring type)—a device specifically designed to be moved from place to place and
for applying a force (load) to a specimen.
3.1.2 tension testing machine, CRT (constant-rate-oftraverse)—a mechanical device for applying a load (force) to a specimen
and in which the force is measured by means of a pendulum.
3.1.3force—in the case of testing machines, a force measured in units such as pound-force, newton, or kilogram-force.
3.1.3.1
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.01 on Calibration of
Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus.
Current edition approved Jan.Dec. 1, 2007.2008. Published January 2007.2009. Originally approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 20032007 as
E4–03.E4–07.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E4–08
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The pound-force is that force which acting on a 1-lb mass will give to it an acceleration of 9.80665
2 2 2
m/s (32.1740 ft/s ). The newton is that force which acting on a 1-kg mass will give to it an acceleration of 1 m/s .
3.1.4
3.1.3 accuracy—the specified permissible variation from the correc
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
American Association State
Designation:E4–07 Designation:E4–08 Highway and Transportation Officials Standards
AASHTO No: T67
Standard Practices for
1
Force Verification of Testing Machines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 4; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These practices cover procedures for the force verification, by means of standard calibration devices, of tension or
compression, or both, static or quasi-static testing machines (which may, or may not, have force-indicating systems). These
practices are not intended to be complete purchase specifications for testing machines. Testing machines may be verified by one
of the three following methods or combination thereof:
1.1.1 Use of standard weights,
1.1.2 Use of equal-arm balances and standard weights, or
1.1.3 Use of elastic calibration devices.
NOTE 1—These practices do not cover the verification of all types of testing machines designed to measure forces, for example, the
constant-rate-of-loading type which operates on the inclined-plane principle. This type of machine may be verified as directed in the applicable appendix
of Specification D 76.
1.2 The procedures of 1.1.1-1.1.3 apply to the verification of the force-indicating systems associated with the testing machine,
such as a scale, dial, marked or unmarked recorder chart, digital display, etc. In all cases the buyer/owner/user must designate the
force-indicating system(s) to be verified and included in the report.
1.3 Since conversion factors are not required in this practice, either inch-pound units, SI units, or metric values can be used as
the standard.
1.4 Forces indicated on displays/printouts of testing machine data systems—be they instantaneous, delayed, stored, or
retransmitted—which are verified with provisions of 1.1.1, 1.1.2, or 1.1.3, and are within the 61 % accuracy requirement, comply
with Practices E 4.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
E74 Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
E 467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dynamic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 testing machine (force-measuring type)—a mechanical device for applying a force to a specimen.
3.1.1.1 portable testing machine (force-measuring type)—a device specifically designed to be moved from place to place and
for applying a force (load) to a specimen.
3.1.2 tension testing machine, CRT (constant-rate-oftraverse)—a mechanical device for applying a load (force) to a specimen
and in which the force is measured by means of a pendulum.
3.1.3force—in the case of testing machines, a force measured in units such as pound-force, newton, or kilogram-force.
3.1.3.1
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.01 on Calibration of
Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus.
Current edition approved Jan.Dec. 1, 2007.2008. Published January 2007.2009. Originally approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 20032007 as
E4–03.E4–07.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E4–08
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The pound-force is that force which acting on a 1-lb mass will give to it an acceleration of 9.80665
2 2 2
m/s (32.1740 ft/s ). The newton is that force which acting on a 1-kg mass will give to it an acceleration of 1 m/s .
3.1.4
3.1.3 accuracy—the specified permissible variation from the correc
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.