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ASTM D3284-99

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Combustible Gases in the Gas Space of Electrical Apparatus Using Portable Meters

Standard Test Method for Combustible Gases in the Gas Space of Electrical Apparatus Using Portable Meters

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the detection and estimation of combustible gases in the gas blanket above the oil or in gas detector relays in transformers using portable field instruments. It is applicable only with transformers using mineral oil as the dielectric fluid. Gases dissolved in the oil and noncombustible gases are not determined. A method of calibrating the instruments with a known gas mixture is included.  
1.2 This test method affords a rough quantitative estimate of the total combustible gases present in a gas mixture. If a more accurate determination of the total amount of combustible gases or a quantitative determination of the individual components is desired, a laboratory analytical method using a gas chromatograph or mass spectrometer should be used.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 5.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-1999
ICS
13.320 - Alarm and warning systems
Technical Committee
D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
Drafting Committee
D27.03 - Analytical Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D3284-05 - Standard Practice for Combustible Gases in the Gas Space of Electrical Apparatus Using Portable Meters
Effective Date
01-May-2005

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ASTM D3284-99 - Standard Test Method for Combustible Gases in the Gas Space of Electrical Apparatus Using Portable MetersASTM D3284-99 - Standard Test Method for Combustible Gases in the Gas Space of Electrical Apparatus Using Portable Meters
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ASTM D3284-99 - Standard Test Method for Combustible Gases in the Gas Space of Electrical Apparatus Using Portable Meters
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3284–99
Standard Test Method for
Combustible Gases in the Gas Space of
Electrical Apparatus Using Portable Meters
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3284; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope surface, they increase the temperature of the element, which
changes its resistance and upsets the balance of the bridge.
1.1 This field test method covers the detection and estima-
3.2 The change in the resistance of the indicating elements
tion of combustible gases in the gas blanket above the oil or in
in the bridge circuit is indicated on a meter, which is usually
gas detector relays in transformers using portable instruments.
calibrated to read in percent total combustible gas.
It is applicable only with transformers using mineral oil as the
dielectric fluid. Gases dissolved in the oil and noncombustible
4. Significance and Use
gases are not determined. A method of calibrating the instru-
4.1 Arcing, partial discharge, and localized overheating in
ments with a known gas mixture is included.
the insulation system of transformers result in chemical de-
1.2 This test method affords a semi-quantitative estimate of
compositionoftheinsulatingoilandotherinsulatingmaterials.
the total combustible gases present in a gas mixture. If a more
This may generate various gases, some of which are combus-
accurate determination of the total amount of combustible
tible. Typically, gases are generated in the oil and then
gases or a quantitative determination of the individual compo-
partitioned into the gas space according to their individual
nents is desired, use a laboratory analytical method, such as
solubilities. Gases which are highly oil-soluble, such as acety-
Test Method D 3612.
lene, may not be in significant quantities in the gas space until
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
an incipient fault has progressed to a very serious condition or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
failure of the transformer. Gases such as carbon monoxide and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
hydrogen which have low solubilities in oil can make up a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
large fraction of the combustible gases in the gas space.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
Detection of these gases is frequently the first available
tionary statements are given in Section 7.
indication of a malfunction. Portable combustible gas meters
2. Referenced Documents are a convenient means of detecting the presence of generated
gases.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Normal operation of a transformer may result in the
D 3612 Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in
formation of some combustible gases. The detection of an
Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography
incipient fault by this method involves an evaluation of the
2.2 IEEE Standard:
amount of combustible gases present, the rate of generation of
C57.104 Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in
3 thesegases,andtheirrateofescapefromthetransformer.Refer
Oil-Immersed Transformers
to IEEE C57.104 for detailed information on interpretation of
3. Summary of Test Method gassing in transformers.
3.1 A sample of gas is diluted to a fixed ratio with air and
5. Interferences
introduced into the meter at a pressure of approximately one
5.1 In this test method it is essential that sufficient oxygen
atmosphere. Any combustible gases present are catalytically
be present in the gas mixture to oxidize the combustible gases.
oxidized on the surface of a sensor which is an element of a
Since the gas blanket in a transformer is usually an inert gas, it
Wheatstone bridge. When combustible gases oxidize on the
is necessary to dilute the sample gas with a known amount of
air. This is usually accomplished by either introducing air and
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-27 on
the sample gas into the instrument in known ratios through
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
fixed orifices, or by mixing known quantities of air and test
mittee D27.03on Analytical Tests.
specimen externally by displacement over water before intro-
Current edition approved April 10, 1999. Published June 1999. Originally
duction into the instrument. The working range of these
published as D 3284 – 74. Last previous edition D 3284 – 90a (1994).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03.
instruments is between the low limit of sensitivity and about
Available from IEEE, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3284
the lower explosive limit. They generally read off-scale at the air and reference gas mixture is being tested. Purge the meter
high end between the lower explosive limit and the upper with air to remove traces of reference gas and proceed in
explosive limit and may indicate zero when the combustible accordance with Section 9.
gas content is above the upper explosive limit.
9. Procedure
5.2 Contamination of the sensor can seriously impair the
9.1 Prepare the instrument for operation in accordance with
sensitivity and response of the meter. This loss of response
the instrument manufacturer’s instructions. This may include a
does not affect the normal balancing of the bridge circuit, an
...

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ASTM D3284-05(2019)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Combustible Gases in the Gas Space of Electrical Apparatus Using Portable Meters

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Arcing, partial discharge, and localized overheating in the insulation system of transformers result in chemical decomposition of the insulating oil and other insulating materials. This may generate various gases, some of which are combustible. Typically, gases are generated in the oil and then partitioned into the gas space according to their individual solubilities. Gases which are highly oil-soluble, such as acetylene, may not be in significant quantities in the gas space until an incipient fault has progressed to a very serious condition or failure of the transformer. Gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen which have low solubilities in oil can make up a large fraction of the combustible gases in the gas space. Detection of these gases is frequently the first available indication of a malfunction. Portable combustible gas meters are a convenient means of detecting the presence of generated gases.  
4.2 Normal operation of a transformer may result in the formation of some combustible gases. The detection of an incipient fault by this method involves an evaluation of the amount of combustible gases present, the rate of generation of these gases, and their rate of escape from the transformer. Refer to IEEE C57.104 for detailed information on interpretation of gassing in transformers.
SCOPE
1.1 This field practice covers the detection and estimation of combustible gases in the gas blanket above the oil or in gas detector relays in transformers using portable instruments. It is applicable only with transformers using mineral oil as the dielectric fluid. Gases dissolved in the oil and noncombustible gases are not determined. A method of calibrating the instruments with a known gas mixture is included.  
1.2 This practice affords a semi-quantitative estimate of the total combustible gases present in a gas mixture. If a more accurate determination of the total amount of combustible gases or a quantitative determination of the individual components is desired, use a laboratory analytical method, such as Test Method D3612.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4490-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for the Use of Detector Tubes in the Measurement of Toxic Gases and Vapors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration, in 29 CFR 1910, designates that certain gases and vapors must not be present in workplace atmospheres at concentrations above specific values.  
5.2 This practice will provide a means for the determination of airborne concentrations of certain gases and vapors given in 29 CFR 1910.  
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5.4 This practice also provides for the sampling of gaseous atmospheres to be used for process control or other purposes (2, 24-23).  
5.5 Advantages of the Detector Tube Method:  
5.5.1 As the detector tube method requires no chemical analyzers, external reagents, etc., advance preparations are not needed; detector tubes are always ready for use.  
5.5.2 The detector tube method is well-suited for use at the work site because it is small, lightweight, and needs only a small sample volume to determine the concentration of gas or vapor in a sample.  
5.5.3 The operating procedures are simple.  
5.5.4 The results of measurements are available in just minutes, so fast action can be taken when needed.  
5.5.5 Where no electrical power source is required, detector tubes can be used even when flammable gases are present.  
5.5.6 Different types of detector tubes are available for different gases and measuring ranges, from 0.01 ppm to more than 10 %, depending on analyte and tube design, making the system flexible tor different sampling situations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the detection and measurement of concentrations of toxic gases or vapors using detector tubes  (1, 2).2 A list of some of the gases and vapors that can be detected by this practice and their measurement ranges are provided in Annex A1. This list is given as a guide and should be considered neither absolute nor complete.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM F1258-95(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Emergency Medical Dispatch

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended to promote the use of trained telecommunicators in the role of emergency medical dispatcher. It defines the basic skills and medical knowledge to permit understanding and resolution of the problems that constitute their daily routine. To use trained telecommunicators fully as functioning members of the emergency medical team, it is deemed necessary to upgrade the telecommunicators' training by the addition of the concept of emergency medical dispatch priorities.  
5.2 All agencies or individuals who routinely accept calls for emergency medical assistance from the public and dispatch emergency medical personnel shall have in effect an emergency medical dispatcher program in accordance with this practice. The program shall include medical direction and oversight and an emergency medical dispatch priority reference system.  
5.3 The successful use of the EMD concept depends on the medical community's awareness of the “prearrival” state of EMS affairs and their willingness to provide medical direction in dispatch.  
5.4 This practice may assist in overcoming some of the misconceptions regarding emergency medical dispatching. These include the uncontrollable nature of the caller's hysteria, lack of time of the dispatcher, potential danger and liability to the EMD, lack of recognition of the benefits of dispatch prearrival instructions, and misconceptions that red lights, siren, and maximal response are always necessary.  
5.5 The EMD is the member of the EMS response team with the broadest view of the entire emergency system's current status and capabilities. The EMD has immediate lifesaving capability in converting the caller into an effective first responder. This practice recognizes the EMD's role as including:  
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SCOPE
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Standard Specification for Handheld Point Chemical Vapor Detectors (HPCVD) for Homeland Security Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes baseline performance requirements and additional optional capabilities for handheld point chemical vapor detectors (HPCVD) intended for homeland security applications. It provides HPCVD designers, manufacturers, integrators, procurement personnel, end users/practitioners, and responsible authorities a common set of parameters to match capabilities and user needs. The document specifies chemical detection performance requirements, system requirements, environmental requirements, manuals and documentation, product marking, and packaging.
SCOPE
1.1 General:  
1.1.1 This document presents baseline performance requirements and additional optional capabilities for handheld point chemical vapor detectors (HPCVD) for homeland security applications. This document is one of several that describe chemical vapor detectors (for example, handheld and stationary) and chemical detection capabilities including: chemical vapor hazard detection, identification, and quantification. An HPCVD is capable of detecting and alarming when exposed to chemical vapors that pose a risk as defined by the Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals (AEGL).  
1.1.2 This document provides the HPCVD baseline requirements, including performance, system, environmental, and documentation requirements. This document provides HPCVD designers, manufacturers, integrators, procurement personnel, end users/practitioners, and responsible authorities a common set of parameters to match capabilities and user needs.  
1.1.3 This document is not meant to provide for all uses. Manufacturers, purchasers, and end users will need to determine specific requirements including, but not limited to, use by HAZMAT teams, use in explosive atmospheres, use with personal protective equipment (PPE), use by firefighters and law enforcement officers, special electromagnetic compatibility needs, extended storage periods, and extended mission time. These specific requirements may or may not be generally applicable to all HPCVDs.  
1.2 Operational Concepts—HPCVDs are used to detect, identify, classify, or quantify, or combinations thereof, chemical vapor hazards that pose 30-min Acute Exposure Guideline Level-2 (AEGL-2) dangers. The HPCVD should not alarm to environmental background chemical vapors and should provide low false positive alarm rates and no false negatives. Uses of an HPCVD include search and rescue, survey, surveillance, sampling, and temporary fixed-site monitoring. An HPCVD should withstand the rigors associated with uses including, but not limited to, high- and low-temperature use and storage conditions; shock and vibration; radio frequency interference; and rapid changes in operating temperature, pressure, and humidity.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 29 CFR 1910.1000, Subpart Z, designates that certain gases and vapors present in work place atmospheres must be controlled so that their concentrations do not exceed specified limits. Other countries have similar regulations.  
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5.4 This practice may be used for either personal or area monitoring.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the detection and measurement of time weighted average (TWA) concentrations of toxic gases or vapors using length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeter tubes. A list of some of the gases and vapors that can be detected by this practice is provided in Appendix X1. This list is given as a guide and should be considered neither absolute nor complete.  
1.2 Length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeters work by diffusional sampling. The results are immediately available by visual observation; thus no auxiliary sampling, test, nor analysis equipment are needed. The dosimeters, therefore, are extremely simple to use and very cost effective.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended for use by the designers, evaluators, and users of walk-through metal detectors to be installed to screen persons entering or leaving a controlled access area. This guide is not meant to constrain design liberty but is to be used as a guide in the selection of location and installation of walk-through metal detectors.
SCOPE
1.1 Some facilities require that personnel entering designated areas be screened for concealed weapons and other metallic materials. Also, personnel exiting designated areas are often screened for metallic shielding material and other types of metallic contraband. Walk-through metal detectors are widely used to implement these requirements. This guide describes various elements to be considered when planning to install walk-through metal detectors.  
1.2 This guide is not intended to set performance levels, nor is it intended to limit or constrain operational technologies.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C1270-97(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Detection Sensitivity Mapping of In-Plant Walk-Through Metal Detectors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A complex set of variables affect metal detection and detection sensitivity. Some physical characteristics of metal objects that influence detection are material composition, shape, surface area, surface and internal electrical and magnetic properties, and finish. The orientation of a test object can greatly influence detection as can the direction and speed or changes in speed while passing through the detection zone. Nearby large metal objects and metal moving in near proximity to a metal detector also affect operation, as do temperature and humidity, and can be a cause for nuisance alarms. Additionally, most currently manufactured walk-through metal detectors have some means for programming the operation of the detector for special conditions or requirements; these variables and the effect they have on the operation of in-plant detectors must be considered if a test program is to be effective. This practice is intended to minimize the impact of these variables on the operation of in-plant detectors by systematically testing the installed detectors in the operating environment with the test object(s) specified by the regulatory authority requirements.  
5.2 This practice may be used to determine the critical test object from a group of test objects, its critical orientation, and the critical test path through the detection zone. This information may allow the use of a single test object for setting the operational sensitivity of the detector and performing periodic performance evaluations necessary to ensure a high probability that all test objects in the group are detectible within the capabilities of the detector.  
5.3 The detection sensitivity map(s) generated by this practice provides baseline metal detection data for the specified test objects and can serve as a foundation for in-plant walk-through metal detector set-up and performance evaluation testing. The detection sensitivity map(s) may be incorporated into a detector performance test log in suppo...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the weakest detection path through the portal aperture and the worst-case orthogonal orientation of metallic test objects. It results in detection sensitivity maps, which model the detection zone in terms related to detection sensitivity and identify the weakest detection paths. Detection sensitivity maps support sensitivity adjustment and performance evaluation procedures (see Practices C1269 and C1309).  
Note 1: Unsymmetrical metal objects possessing a primary longitudinal component, such as handguns and knives, usually have one particular orientation that produces the weakest detection signal. The orientation and the path through the detector aperture where the weakest response is produced may not be the same for all test objects, even those with very similar appearance.
Note 2: In the case of multiple specified test objects or for test objects that are orientation sensitive, it may be necessary to map each object several times to determine the worst-case test object or orientation, or both.  
1.2 This practice is one of several developed to assist operators of walk-through metal detectors with meeting the metal detection performance requirements of the responsible regulatory authority. (See Appendix X2)  
1.3 This practice is neither intended to set performance levels, nor limit or constrain operational technologies.  
1.4 This practice does not address safety or operational issues associated with the use of walk-through metal detectors.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barrie...

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ASTM F3278-20(Specification)
Standard Performance Specifications and Test Methods for Hand-Held Metal Detectors Used in Safety and Security

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the acceptance requirements and performance testing procedures for all hand-held metal detectors (HHMDs) used to find metal contraband concealed or hidden on people or other objects with accessible surfaces. It covers baseline performance requirements, including metal object detection performance, safety (electrical, mechanical, fire), electromagnetic compatibility, environmental conditions and ranges, and mechanical durability. This performance specification describes the use of spherical test objects, instead of actual threat objects or exemplars of threat objects, to test the detection performance of HHMDs. The spherically shaped test objects are constructed of either aluminum or steel. Their diameters and the metal used for the different classification of HHMD performance are covered by this specification, along with the electrical conductivity and magnetic relative permeability of the metals used in the construction of the test objects. The specification also defines the distance between the measurement plane and the detector plane for the different HHMD size classes, as well as the x-axis scan range.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard applies to all hand-held metal detectors (HHMDs) used to find metal contraband concealed or hidden on people or other objects with accessible surfaces. This standard describes baseline performance requirements, which includes metal object detection performance, safety (electrical, mechanical, fire), electromagnetic compatibility, environmental conditions and ranges, and mechanical durability. The requirements for metal detection performance are unique and, therefore, test methods for these parameters are provided, including the design of test objects. An agency or organization using this standard is encouraged to add their unique operationally-based requirements to those requirements listed in this baseline performance specification.  
1.2 This standard describes the use of spherical test objects, instead of actual threat objects or exemplars of threat objects, to test the detection performance of hand-held metal detectors. Spherical test objects are used because the detectability of spherical test objects is not orientation dependent, whereas this is not true for non-spherical test objects. This orientation-dependent detectability of non-spherical test objects may allow a HHMD to be incorrectly attributed a higher performance capability than that HHMD is capable of providing. To aid agencies wishing to add specific threat objects to their detection performance requirements, included in Appendix X1 is the analysis of the probability of detection for different orientations of agency-specific threat objects.  
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Standard Performance Specifications and Test Methods for Hand-Worn Metal Detectors Used in Safety and Security

SCOPE
1.1 This standard applies to all hand-worn or glove-type metal detectors used to find metal contraband concealed or hidden on people or other objects with hand-accessible surfaces. Hand-worn metal detectors (HWMDs) are significantly different in design compared to the more common hand-held metal detector (HHMD). For example, the HWMD generates a much more localized magnetic field than does the HHMD and the useful field of the HWMD is normal to the plane of the hand whereas the useful field of the HHMD is multi-directional.  
1.2 This standard describes baseline-performance requirements, which includes metal object detection performance, safety (electrical, mechanical, fire), electromagnetic compatibility, environmental conditions and ranges, and mechanical durability. The requirements for metal detection performance are unique and, therefore, test methods for these parameters are provided, including the design of test objects. An agency or organization using this standard is encouraged to add their unique operationally-based requirements to those requirements listed in this baseline-performance standard.  
1.3 This documentary standard describes the use of spherical test objects, instead of actual threat objects or exemplars of threat objects, to test the detection performance of hand-worn metal detectors. Spherical test objects are used because the detectability of spherical test objects is not orientation dependent, whereas this is not true for non-spherical test objects. This orientation-dependent detectability of non-spherical test objects may allow a HWMD to be incorrectly attributed a higher performance capability than that HWMD is capable of providing. To aid agencies wishing to add specific threat objects to their detection performance requirements, included in Appendix X1 is the analysis of the probability of detection for different orientations of agency-specific non-spherical threat objects.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Combustible Gases in the Gas Space of Electrical Apparatus Using Portable Meters

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Arcing, partial discharge, and localized overheating in the insulation system of transformers result in chemical decomposition of the insulating oil and other insulating materials. This may generate various gases, some of which are combustible. Typically, gases are generated in the oil and then partitioned into the gas space according to their individual solubilities. Gases which are highly oil-soluble, such as acetylene, may not be in significant quantities in the gas space until an incipient fault has progressed to a very serious condition or failure of the transformer. Gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen which have low solubilities in oil can make up a large fraction of the combustible gases in the gas space. Detection of these gases is frequently the first available indication of a malfunction. Portable combustible gas meters are a convenient means of detecting the presence of generated gases.  
4.2 Normal operation of a transformer may result in the formation of some combustible gases. The detection of an incipient fault by this method involves an evaluation of the amount of combustible gases present, the rate of generation of these gases, and their rate of escape from the transformer. Refer to IEEE C57.104 for detailed information on interpretation of gassing in transformers.
SCOPE
1.1 This field practice covers the detection and estimation of combustible gases in the gas blanket above the oil or in gas detector relays in transformers using portable instruments. It is applicable only with transformers using mineral oil as the dielectric fluid. Gases dissolved in the oil and noncombustible gases are not determined. A method of calibrating the instruments with a known gas mixture is included.  
1.2 This practice affords a semi-quantitative estimate of the total combustible gases present in a gas mixture. If a more accurate determination of the total amount of combustible gases or a quantitative determination of the individual components is desired, use a laboratory analytical method, such as Test Method D3612.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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