ASTM F2837-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Hot Compression Properties of Gasket Materials
Standard Test Method for Hot Compression Properties of Gasket Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The hot compression properties of a gasket material, including creep resistance and compression set, are a major factor with regard to the selection of a given material for use in a particular sealing application. The significance of the test method is based, in part; on the assumption that if a material exhibits too much creep at elevated temperature that it will no longer function as effectively as a seal. This assumption can only be used as a guide; however, since exact yield or failure points are difficult to define for gasket materials (which are usually viscoelastic in nature). Two or more materials can be compared to determine differences in their hot compression properties. A sample of material can be compared to an established standard or previously determined characteristics on original lots of the same material, for quality assurance purposes.
Samples are to be tested with a raised profile insert or calibration ring described in 6.3 and Fig. 1 so that the area (2042 mm2 (3.17 in.2)) remains constant during the test.
FIG. 1 Test Assembly for Determining Hot Compression
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a means of measuring the hot compression properties of a gasket material by measuring its creep under a constant load at both room temperature and while increasing the temperature. Short term creep properties including both cold and hot creep, total creep and compression set of a gasket material can be determined.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:F2837–10
Standard Test Method for
Hot Compression Properties of Gasket Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2837; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope T = final calibration ring thickness (after specimen has
s3
been removed from the machine and cooled)
1.1 This test method covers a means of measuring the hot
compression properties of a gasket material by measuring its
4. Summary of Test Method
creepunderaconstantloadatbothroomtemperatureandwhile
4.1 Specimens cut from gasket material are subjected to a
increasing the temperature. Short term creep properties includ-
stress perpendicular to the flat surface of the specimen for a
ing both cold and hot creep, total creep and compression set of
specified time at room temperature, and then the temperature is
a gasket material can be determined.
increased at a defined rate while the stress remains constant.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
The recommended maximum temperature limit for the test is
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
300°C(572°F).Thedesiredgasketloadforthetestis25.5MPa
only.
(3700 psi). Dimensional changes to the thickness are deter-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mined while the gasket is under stress and after the stress has
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
been removed. Tests may be performed on a gasket material at
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
various temperatures or stresses as agreed upon between the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
producer and the user, to determine the relationship between
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
temperatures at a constant stress.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 The hot compression properties of a gasket material,
F104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Mate-
including creep resistance and compression set, are a major
rials
factor with regard to the selection of a given material for use in
3. Terminology a particular sealing application. The significance of the test
method is based, in part; on the assumption that if a material
3.1 Symbols:
exhibits too much creep at elevated temperature that it will no
T = original specimen thickness
longer function as effectively as a seal. This assumption can
T = cold thickness under load (specimen thickness after a
only be used as a guide; however, since exact yield or failure
5-min hold under load at room temperature)
points are difficult to define for gasket materials (which are
T = hot thickness under load (specimen thickness at maxi-
usually viscoelastic in nature). Two or more materials can be
mum test temperature under load)
compared to determine differences in their hot compression
T = final specimen thickness (after specimen has been
properties. A sample of material can be compared to an
removed from the machine and cooled)
established standard or previously determined characteristics
T = original calibration ring thickness
s0
on original lots of the same material, for quality assurance
T = calibration ring thickness (after a 5-min hold under
s1
purposes.
load at room temperature)
5.2 Samples are to be tested with a raised profile insert or
T = calibration ring thickness (at maximum test tempera-
s2
calibration ring described in 6.3 and Fig. 1 so that the area
ture under load)
2 2
(2042 mm (3.17 in. )) remains constant during the test.
6. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F03 on Gaskets
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.40 on Chemical Test Methods.
6.1 Testing Machine, for applying a known value of com-
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published August 2010. DOI: 10.1520/
pressive stresses to specimens. The machine should be capable
F2837-10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
of applying a stress of up to 51.7 MPa (7500 psi) (tolerance of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
65 %), depending on the indent resistance of the steel platens
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and the means of reading the applied load.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2837–10
FIG. 1 Test Assembly for Determining Hot Compression
6.2 Hardened Steel Platens, Two (Rockwell of C35 to 40 or 6.5 Temperature Measuring Device, for use at interface,
suchasathermocoupleassemblyandameansforrecordingthe
equivalent), circular shape, larger than the specimen diameter.
voltage.
Asuitable size is a diameter of approximately 152 mm (6 in.).
6.6 Dial or Thickness Measuring Device—An indicating
The faces of the platens shall be plane parallel with a surface
dial, or dials, graduated in 0.025 mm (0.001 in.), or a digital
finish of 0.25 to 0.50 µm Ra (10 to 20 µin Ra). Fig. 1 shows a
device, to show or record the thickness of the specimen during
suitable arrangement of steel platens and test specimen.
the test. Readings shall be estimated to the nearest 0.002 mm
6.3 Insert or Calibration Ring—A raised profile insert or
(0.0001 in.).
calibration ring with a minimum raised height of 1.6 mm
6.7 Shield—A safety shield for protection from severe
(0.063 in.) having a 75 6 0.5 mm (2.953 6 0.02 in.) outside
outgassing that may occur during the test.
diameter by 55 6 0.5 mm (2.165 6 0.02 in.) inside diameter
6.8 Dies—Cutting dies for specimens of desired size and
made of the same material as the platens (Rockwell of C 35 to
shape. The inside faces of the dies shall be polished and be
40 or equivalent) is required. The faces of the insert shall be
perpendicular to the plane formed by the cutting edges for a
plane parallel and have a surface finish of 0.25 to 0.50 µm Ra
depth sufficient to prevent any bevel on the edge. The die shall
(10 to 20 µin Ra).
be sharp and free of nicks in order to prevent ragged edges on
6.4 Device for Applying Heat to Platens, sufficient to
the specimen. The bore and outside diameter shall be concen-
achieve a desired temperature at interface with gasket material
tric.
specimens. In some cases, the loading device itself may be
6.9 Micrometer, for making specimen thickness measure-
heated, such as with a hot press. Any appropriate means is
ments in accordance with Classification F104.
acceptable. The device shall be capable of increasing the
6.10 Water-CooledDisc—Ametal disc cooled by water that
temperature at a constant rate of 8°C (14°F) per minute. The
acts as a heat exchanger that can be placed between the platens
temperature difference between the two platens shall not
to lower the temperature between tests, is recommended to
exceed 5°C (9°F) at any time. The recommended elevated
shorten the cycle time between tests.Water-cooled platens may
temperature is 300°C (572°F). Other temperatures may be
be used as well.
employed as desired, or as agreed upon between the producer
6.11 Metal Foil (for example, Inconel, nickel, stainless
and the user. steel), capable of low creep at the desired maximum test
F2837–10
temperature may be used to prevent the sample from sticking Classification F104, section 9.1. The specimen thickness is
to the platens. Recommended thickness is 0.025 mm (0.001 measured with the micrometer at three equally spaced places
in.). approximately 120° apart, the result is averaged and recorded
as the thickness T .
7. Test Specimen
10.2 The test shall begin with the platens and specimen at
7.1 Sheet-Type Gasketing (see Classification F104)—The
room temperature. For subsequent tests the platens shall be
gasket shall be die cut in the shape of an annulus with clean
cooled to room temperature.
smooth edges. The
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