ASTM D2102-02(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Shrinkage of Textile Fibers (Bundle Test)
Standard Test Method for Shrinkage of Textile Fibers (Bundle Test)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Limited accuracy in measuring the change in length produces errors in estimating values for shrinkage below 10 %. However, this test is being used for low level shrinkage fibers because the results give have been found to give an adequate indication of average shrinkage at the lower levels. The test is not adequate for determining variability in average shrinkage at low levels. If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
This test method for testing the shrinkage of fibers is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fibers because only a limited amount of data is available. See Section 14.
This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fibers; but caution is advised since information on between laboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1 are advised.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the unrestrained shrinkage of a bundle of crimped or uncrimped fibers from exposure to some environment, for instance, boiling water for 15 min.
1.1.1 This test method may be used on fibers from tow and fibers removed from spun or continuous filament yarn. Note 1 - For measurement of shrinkage of single fibers, refer to Test Method D 5104.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2102–02 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Shrinkage of Textile Fibers (Bundle Test)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2102; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 For the definition of shrinkage used in this test
method, refer to Terminology D4849. For other textile terms
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the unre-
used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123 and
strained shrinkage of a bundle of crimped or uncrimped fibers
Terminology D4849.
from exposure to some environment, for instance, boiling
water for 15 min.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.1.1 This test method may be used on fibers from tow and
4.1 Auniformbundleofconditionedparallelfibersislightly
fibers removed from spun or continuous filament yarn.
loaded between clamps and the nip to nip length measured.
NOTE 1—For measurement of shrinkage of single fibers, refer to Test
Without being removed from the clamps, the bundle specimen
Method D5104.
is then exposed to the test environment, typically, boiling water
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
for 15 min. After reconditioning, the bundle length is remea-
be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in
sured under the same light loading.
each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system
NOTE 2—Due to the very high variability of the shrinkage of individual
must be used independently of the other.
fibers of high shrinkage types, to obtain a reliable average value would
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
require an excessive number of determinations, each rather tedious. The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
bundle method does not give the true average value, but rather a weighted
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- value approaching the highest shrinkage fiber in the bundle. Since the
weighted value more closely approximates the properties found in a high
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bulk yarn made from such fibers, the weighted value would seem to be
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
more appropriate.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Limited accuracy in measuring the change in length
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
produces errors in estimating values for shrinkage below 10 %.
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
However, this test is being used for low level shrinkage fibers
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
because the results give have been found to give an adequate
D3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,
indication of average shrinkage at the lower levels. The test is
Sliver, or Tow for Testing
notadequatefordeterminingvariabilityinaverageshrinkageat
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
low levels. If there are differences of practical significance
D5104 Test Method for Shrinkage ofTextile Fibers (Single-
between reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
Fiber Test)
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
3. Terminology
assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a com-
3.1 Definitions:
parative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from
thesamelotofmaterialasthesamplesthatresultedindisparate
This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee D13 on
results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and
numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the labora-
Fibers.
tories involved should be compared using a statistical test for
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally
unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D2102 – 02. DOI:
10.1520/D2102-02R07.
series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
corrected, or future test results for that material must be
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2102–02 (2007)
5.2 This test method for testing the shrinkage of fibers is not tested for the container is not more than the agreed-to value or,
recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments by agreement, stop testing after a specified number.
offibersbecauseonlyalimitedamountofdataisavailable.See 7.3.1 If testing fibers from yarn, carefully remove twist
Section 14. before taking the specimens.
5.3 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of
commercial shipments of fibers; but caution is advised since 8. Preparation of Test Specimen
information on between laboratory precision is incomplete.
8.1 Prepare test specimen bundles by drawing and lapping
Comparative tests as directed in 5.1 are advised.
fiberstoalignthefibersinparallel.Becarefulnottostretchany
of the fibers.
6. Apparatus
8.1.1 If fibers are already parallel, as in sliver or tow,
6.1 Jig, consisting of a frame with fixed upper clamp split-off bundles of fibers from the side of the material.
suitable for holding a small parallel bundle of fibers, a
8.1.2 Draw and lap the specimen bundles such that the fiber
smoothly sliding lower clamp and a means for locking this ends at one end of the test specimen bundles are essentially
lower clamp in position, and a suitable scale inscribed on the
aligned.
jig to measure the distance between clamps to the nearest 0.2
8.2 Make up each specimen bundle so that its linear density
mm (0.01 in.).
in tex will result in a loading of 0.9 cN/tex (0.1 gf/d), by the
6.2 Tape Adhesive Cellophane or Masking, 25.4 mm (1
weight of the sliding clamp as obtained in accordance with 9.1.
in.).
NOTE 4—Wrapping Bundle Ends—Cut two short pieces of tape. Care-
fully wrap the tapes about the end of the specimen bundle. Space the ends
7. Sampling
to give as long a specimen as practical and compatible with the jig and
fiber lengths. Trim the tape ends to fit inside the clamps.
7.1 Lot sampling—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
take at random the number of shipping containers directed in
9. Calibration
the applicable material specification or other agreement be-
9.1 Weightheslidinglowerclampto0.1gfordetermination
tween the purchaser and supplier, such as an agreement to use
of specimen bundle size as stated in 8.2. The jig must be
Practice D3333 or Practice D2258, as appropriate. Consider
partially disassembled to do this.
shipping containers to be the primary sampling units.
9.2 Clamp a scale, of approximately 40 mm (1 ⁄2 in.) in
NOTE 3—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
length, in the jaws with exactly 25 mm (1.0 in.) nip to nip.
purchaser or supplier requires taking into account the variability between
Position the upper clamp to give a reading of 1.00 in. on the
shipping units, between packages, ends or other laboratory sampling unit
inscribed scale.
within a shipping unit if applicable, and within specimens from a single
package, end or other laboratory sampling unit to provide a sampling plan
with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality 10. Conditioning
level, and limiting quantity level.
10.1 Precondition and condition the laboratory samples as
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for ac-
directed in Practice D1776.
ceptance testing, take at random from each sh
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