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ASTM D5820-95(2001)e1

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual Seamed Geomembranes

Standard Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual Seamed Geomembranes

SCOPE
1.1 The practice covers a nondestructive evaluation of the continuity of parallel geomembrane seams separated by an unwelded air channel. The unwelded air channel between the two distinct seamed regions is sealed regions is sealed and inflated with air to a predetermined pressure. Long lengths of seam can be evaluated by this practice more quickly than by other common nondestructive tests.
1.2 This practice should not be used as a substitute for destructive testing. Used in conjunction with destructive testing, this method can provide additional information regarding the seams undergoing testing.
1.3 This practice supercedes Practice D 4437 for geomembrane seams that include an air channel. Practice D 4437 may continue to be used for other types of seams. The user is referred to the referenced standards, or to EPA/530/SW-91/ 051 for additional information regarding geomembrane seaming techniques and construction quality assurance.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-1995
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5820-95 - Standard Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual Seamed Geomembranes
Effective Date
10-Oct-1995
Replaced By
ASTM D5820-95(2006) - Standard Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual Seamed Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-Jun-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8364/D8364M-21 - Standard Specification for Geosynthetic Cementitious Composite Mat (GCCM) Materials
Effective Date
10-Oct-1995
Referred By
ASTM D4437/D4437M-16(2018) - Standard Practice for Nondestructive Testing (NDT) for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Flexible Polymeric Sheet Geomembranes
Effective Date
10-Oct-1995
Referred By
ASTM D7240-18 - Standard Practice for Electrical Leak Location Using Geomembranes with an Insulating Layer in Intimate Contact with a Conductive Layer via Electrical Capacitance Technique (Conductive-Backed Geomembrane Spark Test)
Effective Date
10-Oct-1995
Referred By
ASTM D7700-22 - Standard Guide for Selecting Test Methods for Geomembrane Seams
Effective Date
10-Oct-1995
Referred By
ASTM D8173-23 - Standard Guide for Site Preparation, Layout, Installation, and Hydration of Geosynthetic Cementitious Composite Mats
Effective Date
10-Oct-1995
Referred By
ASTM D4439-23b - Standard Terminology for Geosynthetics
Effective Date
10-Oct-1995

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ASTM D5820-95(2001)e1 - Standard Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual Seamed GeomembranesASTM D5820-95(2001)e1 - Standard Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual Seamed Geomembranes
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ASTM D5820-95(2001)e1 - Standard Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual Seamed Geomembranes
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:D5820–95 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Practice for
Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual Seamed
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5820; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made in July 2001.
1. Scope EPA/530/SW-91/051 Technical Guidance Document: In-
spection Techniques for the Fabrication of Geomembrane
1.1 The practice covers a nondestructive evaluation of the
Field Seams
continuity of parallel geomembrane seams separated by an
unwelded air channel. The unwelded air channel between the
3. Terminology
two distinct seamed regions is sealed regions is sealed and
3.1 Definitions:
inflated with air to a predetermined pressure. Long lengths of
3.1.1 dual seam, n—a geomembrane seam with two parallel
seam can be evaluated by this practice more quickly than by
welded zones separated by an unwelded air space.
other common nondestructive tests.
3.1.2 Discussion—The dual seam itself can be made by a
1.2 This practice should not be used as a substitute for
number of methods, the most common being the hot wedge
destructive testing. Used in conjunction with destructive test-
technique. Other possible methods include hot air and ultra-
ing, this method can provide additional information regarding
sonic bonding techniques.
the seams undergoing testing.
3.1.3 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable geo-
1.3 This practice supercedes Practice D 4437 for geomem-
synthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets.
brane seams that include an air channel. Practice D 4437 may
3.1.4 Discussion—In geotechnical engineering, imperme-
continue to be used for other types of seams. The user is
able essentially means that no measurable liquid flows through
referredtothereferencedstandards,ortoEPA/530/SW-91/051
a geosynthetic when tested in accordance with Test Methods
for additional information regarding geomembrane seaming
D 4491.
techniques and construction quality assurance.
3.1.5 seam, n—a permanent joining of two or more mate-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
rials.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 For definitions of other terms, see Terminology D 4439.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Practice
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 This practice utilizes a dual seam where an air channel
exists between the two welded zones. Both ends of the air
2. Referenced Documents
channel are sealed and then a pressure gage is attached to the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
air space.Air pressure is applied and the gage is monitored for
D 4437 Practice for Determining the Integrity of Field
excessive gage air pressure drop.
Seams Used in Joining Flexible Polymeric Sheet
2 4.2 Air pressures used in this practice are related to the
Geomembranes
thickness, stiffness and material type of the geomembrane.
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
4.3 The minimum monitoring time is recommended to be 2
D 4491 Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles
min following stabilization of the pressure.
by Permittivity
4.4 Maximum allowable loss of air pressure varies depend-
2.2 Other Standard:
ing upon thickness, stiffness and type of material of the
geomembrane.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1995. Published January 1996. Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.13. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
e1
D5820–95 (2001)
5. Significance and Use should be a minimum of 2 min. Mark the time and pressure of
the beginning and end of the test on the geomembrane with a
5.1 The increased use of geomembranes as barrier materials
visible marker. The maximum allowable pressure drop may be
to restrict liquid or gas movement, and the common use of dual
compared to the maximum allowable value.
track seams in joining these sheets, has created a need for a
standard nondestructive test by which the quality of the seams 7.5 If the pressure does not drop below the maximum
allowable value after the specified test period, open the air
can be assessed for continuity and water tightness. The test is
channel at the end away from the pressure gage. Air should
not intended to provide any indication of the physical strength
rush out and the pressure gage should register an immediate
of the seam.
drop in pressure, indicating that the entire length of the seam
5.2 This practice recommends an air pressure test within the
has been tested. If this does not happen, either the air channel
channel created between dual seamed tracks whereby the
is blocked or the equipment is faulty, and the test is not valid.
presence of unbonded sections or channels, voids, nonhomoge-
Attempt to locate the pro
...

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5.1 The increased use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid or gas movement, and the common use of dual-track seams in joining these sheets, has created a need for a standard nondestructive test by which the quality of the seams can be assessed for continuity and watertightness. The test is not intended to provide any indication of the physical strength of the seam.  
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5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.  
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5.4 For applications where geomembranes cannot be deformed in the fashion this test method prescribes, this test method should be considered an index test.  
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the out-of-plane response of a geomembrane to a force that is applied perpendicular to the initial plane of the sample.  
1.2 When the geomembrane deforms to a prescribed geometric shape (arc of a sphere or ellipsoid), formulations are provided to convert the test data to biaxial tensile stress-strain values. These formulations cannot be used for other geometric shapes. With other geometric shapes, comparative data on deformation versus pressure is obtained.  
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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
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4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
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1.2 The types of thermal field and factory seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following:  
1.2.1 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
1.2.2 Hot Wedge—This technique melts the two geomembrane surfaces to be seamed by running a hot metal wedge between them. Pressure is applied to the top and bottom geomembrane to form a continuous bond. Some seams of this kind are made with dual tracks separated by a non-bonded gap. These seams are sometimes referred to as dual hot wedge seams or double-track seams.  
1.2.3 Extrusion—This technique encompasses extruding molten resin between two geomembranes or at the edge of two overlapped geomembranes to effect a continuous bond.  
1.2.4 Radio Frequency (RF) or Dielectric—High-frequency dielectric equipment is used to generate heat and pressure to form an overlap seam in factory fabrication.  
1.2.5 Impulse—Clamping bars heated by wires or a ribbon melt the sheets clamped between them. A cooling period while still clamped allows the polymer to solidify before being released.  
1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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ASTM
ASTM D5101-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of specific on-site soils and geotextiles at the design stage of a project, or to provide qualitative data that may help identify causes of failure (for example, clogging, particle loss). It is not appropriate for acceptance testing of geotextiles. It is also improper to utilize the results from this test for job specifications or manufacturers' certifications.  
5.3 This test method is intended for site-specific investigation therefore is not an index property of the geotextile, and thus is not intended to be requested of the manufacturer or supplier of the geotextile.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.  
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:  
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.  
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.  
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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